%% ?? try nofootinbib ?
%\documentclass[preprint,aps,showpacs,preprintnumbers,amsmath,amssymb]{revtex4}
\documentclass[preprint,aps,showpacs,preprintnumbers,amsmath,amssymb,superscriptaddress]{revtex4}
%\documentclass[twocolumn,showpacs,preprintnumbers,amsmath,amssymb]{revtex4}

\usepackage{graphicx}% Include figure files
\usepackage{dcolumn}% Align table columns on decimal point
\usepackage{bm}% bold math


\let\rr\relax  %% should actually remove \rr commands from files

\def \nufact {$\nu$-Factory}
\newcommand\as{\alpha_S}
%\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\fnsymbol{footnote}}  %jcg 
\def\thm{\theta^-}
\def\thp{\theta^+}
\def\cp{c_+}
\def\sp{s_+}
\def\sm{s_-}
\def\cm{c_-}
\def\php{P_H^+}
\def\phm{P_H^-}
\def\pvp{P_V^+}
\def\pvm{P_V^-}
\def\ppt{P_T^+}
\def\pmt{P_T^-} 
\def\plp{P_L^+}
\def\plm{P_L^-}

\def\bit{\begin{itemize}}
\def\eit{\end{itemize}}
\def\zstar{Z^\star}
\def\wstar{W^\star}
\def\cnone{\chi^0}
\def\mcnone{m_{\cnone}}

\def\what{\widehat}
\def\fbi{~{\rm fb}^{-1}}
\def\call{{\cal L}}
\def\lyear{L_{\rm year}}
\def\sig{\sigma}
\def\gamhsmtot{\Gamma_{\hsm}^{\rm tot}}
\def\br{{\rm BF}}
\def\gamhtot{\Gamma_{\h}^{\rm tot}}
\def\gamhltot{\Gamma_{\hl}^{\rm tot}}
\def\hl{h^0}
\def\ha{A^0}
\def\hh{H^0}
\def\hpm{H^{\pm}}
\def\mhl{m_{\hl}}
\def\mha{m_{\ha}}
\def\mhh{m_{\hh}}
\def\mhpm{m_{\hpm}}
\def\h{h}
\def\mh{m_{\h}}
\def\epem{e^+e^-}
\def\mupmum{\mu^+\mu^-}
\def\anti{\overline}
\def\tanb{\tan\beta}
\def\what{\widehat}
\def\rts{\sqrt s}
\def\hsm{h_{SM}}
\def\mhsm{m_{\hsm}}
\def\mev{~{\rm MeV}}
\def\gev{~{\rm GeV}}
\def\tev{~{\rm TeV}}
\def\ltap{\raisebox{-.4ex}{\rlap{$\sim$}} \raisebox{.4ex}{$<$}}
\def\gtap{\raisebox{-.4ex}{\rlap{$\sim$}} \raisebox{.4ex}{$>$}}
\def\mumu{$\mu^+\mu^-$}
\def\srts{\sigma_{\!\!\!\sqrt s}^{\vphantom y}}
\def\lsim{\alt}
\def\gsim{\agt}
\def\beq{\begin{equation}}
\def\eeq{\end{equation}}
\def\bea{\begin{eqnarray}}
\def\eea{\end{eqnarray}}
%
\def\mumu{\mu^-\mu^+}
\def\tautau{\tau^-\tau^+}

\begin{document}


\title{
\textbf{Recent Progress in Neutrino Factory and Muon Collider 
Research within the Muon Collaboration}
}
%\input authors_new
%\input authors
\input authors_merged

\date{\today}

\begin{abstract}
We describe  the status of our effort to realize a first neutrino
factory and the progress made in understanding the problems associated
with the collection and cooling of muons towards that end.  We
summarize  the physics that can be done with neutrino factories as well
as  with intense cold beams of muons.  The
physics potential of muon colliders is reviewed, both as Higgs
Factories and compact high energy lepton colliders.  The status and timescale 
of our research and development effort is reviewed as well as  the
latest designs in cooling channels including the promise of ring coolers in
achieving longitudinal and transverse cooling simultaneously. We detail the
efforts being made to mount an international cooling experiment to
demonstrate the ionization cooling of muons.
\end{abstract}
\pacs{13.10.+q, 14.60.Ef, 29.27.-a, 29.20.Dh}

\thispagestyle{empty}
\maketitle
%\tableofcontents
%\newpage  % TURN THIS ON

%\listoffigures    % TURN THIS ON
%\newpage % TURN THIS ON

%\listoftables   %TURN THIS ON
%\newpage% TURN THIS ON

\input introduction 

\input physics 

\input neufact 

\input higgsfact 

\input r_and_d 

\input mice

\input conclusions


\begin{thebibliography}{100}

%INTRODUCTION references go here

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SNO Collab., Q.~R.~Ahmad {\it et al.,} 
{\it Direct Evidence for Neutrino Flavor Transformations from
Neutral Current Interactions in the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory,}
nucl-ex/0204008; \\
Q.~R.~Ahmad {\it et al.,} 
{\it Measurement of Day and Night Neutrino Energy Spectra
at SNO and Constraints on Neutrino Mixing Parameters,}
nucl-ex/0204009; \\
Q.~R.~Ahmad {\it et al.,} 
\textsl{Measurement of the Rate of 
$\nu_e+d\rightarrow p+p+e^-$
Interactions by $^8$B Neutrinos at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory}, 
Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 87}, 071301 (2001).
%%CITATION = NUCL-EX 0204008;%%
%%CITATION = NUCL-EX 0204009;%%
%%CITATION = PRLTA,87,071301;%%

\bibitem{superk}
Super-Kamiokande Collab.,
Y.~Fukuda {\it et al.,} Phys. Lett. {\bf B433}, 9 (1998);
Phys. Lett. {\bf B436}, 33 (1998);
Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 81}, 1562 (1998);
Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 82}, 2644 (1999).
%%CITATION = PHLTA,B433,9;%%
%%CITATION = PHLTA,B436,33;%%
%%CITATION = PRLTA,81,1562;%%
%%CITATION = PRLTA,82,2644;%%

\bibitem{EPP:collaboration} 
The MC collaboration website is at http://www.cap.bnl.gov/mumu/.

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International Conf.~on High Energy Accelerators}, Yerevan (1969) p.33;
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Colliders: Second Workshop}, ed. D.~Cline, AIP Conf. Proc. \textbf{352}, 4
(1996).
%%CITATION = APCPC,352,4;%%

\bibitem{PREFACE:skrinsky}  A.~N.~Skrinsky, \textsl{Proceedings of the
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(unpublished); extract in \textsl{Physics Potential and Development of 
$\mu^{+}\mu ^{-}$ Colliders: Second Workshop}, ed. D.~Cline, AIP Conf. Proc. 
\textbf{352}, 6 (1996).
%%CITATION = APCPC,352,6;%%

\bibitem{INTRO:ref3}  A.~N.~Skrinsky and V.~V.~Parkhomchuk, 
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%%CITATION = SJPNA,12,223;%%

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%%CITATION = PLACB,14,75;%%

\bibitem{PREFACE:palmer}  R.~B.~Palmer, D.~Neuffer, and J.~Gallardo, 
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T.~Tajima, AIP Conf. Proc. \textbf{356}, 344 (1996).
%%CITATION = APCPC,335,635;%%
%%CITATION = APCPC,356,344;%%

\bibitem{INTRO:ref5}  Charles M. Ankenbrandt \textit{et al.} (Muon Collider
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%%CITATION = PRSTA,2,081001;%%

\bibitem{INTRO:ref6}  \textsl{Muon-Muon Collider: A Feasibility Study},
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\bibitem{INTRO:ref11}  Mucool Notes,
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\bibitem{INTRO:ref7}  D.~Koshkarev, CERN/ ISR-DI/74-62 (1974).

\bibitem{king94}B.~J.~King,\textsl{The Physics Opportunities and Technical Challenges of a Muon Collider, Jan 1994}, submitted to Columbia Unversity in partial fulfillment of the requirements of a Ph.D, physics/9907026, unpublished.

\bibitem{rajageer}\textsl{Proceedings of the Fermilab Workshop on 
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eds.-S.~Geer, R.~Raja (Nov.~1997), AIP Conf. Proc. {\bf 435}; 
S.~Geer, \textsl{Physics Potential of Neutrino Beams from Muon Storage 
Rings,} AIP Conf. Proc. {\bf 435}, 384 (1998).
%%CITATION = APCPC,435,384;%%

\bibitem{geer}{S.~Geer, Phys. Rev. D {\bf 57}, 6989 (1998).}
%%CITATION = PHRVA,D57,6989;%%

\bibitem{non-osc}D.A.Harris and Kevin McFarland,in ~\cite{rajageer}, 
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I.~Bigi {\it et al.},hep-ph/0106177.

\bibitem{INTRO:ref13}  NuFact99, Lyon, France, 
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\bibitem{INTRO:ref14}  NuFact00, Monterey, California,
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\bibitem{nufact01}
NuFact01, Tsukuba, Japan,
http://psux1.kek.jp/~nufact01/index.html.

\bibitem{nufact02}
NuFact02,Imperial College London,
http://www.hep.ph.ic.ac.uk/NuFact02/

\bibitem{nufact03}
NuFact03, Columbia University, New York
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\bibitem{europenf}
Neutrino Factory and Muon Storage Rings at CERN
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\bibitem{japannf}
The Japanese Neutrino Factory 
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\bibitem{mice-prop}
The MICE proposal can be found at
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\bibitem{INTRO:ref12}  MUCOOL home page\\
http://www.fnal.gov/projects/muon\_collider/cool/cool.html;\\
http://hepunx.rl.ac.uk/\textasciitilde edgecock/muons/muscat.html;\\
 Emittance exchange home page \\
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Targetry home page \\
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%\bibitem{EPP:ref1}N.~Holtkamp, D.~Finley, Editors, \textsl{A 
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%\bibitem{EPP:refphysics}C. Albright {\it et al}, \textsl{Physics at a 
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\bibitem{INTRO:ref1}  N.~Holtkamp and D.~Finley, eds., \textsl{A 
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\bibitem{INTRO:ref9}  C. Albright \textit{et al.}, \textsl{Physics at a
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%%CITATION = HEP-EX 0008064;%%

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%%CITATION = HEP-PH 0103052;%%

\bibitem{EPP:studyii}  S. Ozaki, R. Palmer, M.~S. Zisman, and J. Gallardo,
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\bibitem{DET:uno}  UNO Official Home Page,
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\bibitem{landd}\textsl{LANDD -- A Massive Liquid Argon Detector for
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Factory Detector},
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astro-ph/0105442; 
K.~T.~McDonald, hep-ex/0204037;
D.~Ayres {\it et al.,}  physics/9911009.
%%CITATION = ASTRO-PH 0105442;%%
%%CITATION = HEP-EX 0204037;%%
%%CITATION = PHYSICS 9911009;%%

\bibitem{ICARUS}  F.~Arneodo \textit{et al.}, \textsl{Study of Solar
Neutrinos with the 600-T Liquid Argon ICARUS Detector}, 
Nucl.~Instrum.~Meth. {\bf A455}, 376 (2000).
%%CITATION = NUIMA,A455,376;%%

%\bibitem{exchange}  G.~Hanson, 
%(http://needmore.physics.indiana.edu\newline
%/\~{g}ail/emittance\_exchange.html).

%\bibitem{bbpr}  D. Neuffer, \textsl{High Frequency Buncher and $\phi 
%-\delta
%E$ Rotation for the $\mu ^{+}-\mu ^{-}$ Source}, MUCOOL Note 0181, Oct.
%2000, (http://www-mucool.fnal.gov/notes/ ). 


%PHYSICS references go here

\bibitem{study2}Some of the text quoted here appears in the Study II document
\cite{EPP:studyii}. We would like to thank Robert Shrock for helpful comments.

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%
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%A few of the recent ones are G. Altarelli and F. Feruglio, 
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\bibitem{anl} References and websites for these experiments and future
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\bibitem{k2k}{M. Sakuda and K. Nishikawa, talks at ICHEP-2000, Osaka; 
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%%CITATION = PHLTA,B511,178;%%

%\bibitem{web} Some relevant websites at BNL, FNAL, and CERN containing 
%further
%information are http://www.cap.bnl.gov/mumu/
%http://www.fnal.gov/projects/muon\_collider/nu/study/study.html.
%http://www.cern.ch/\~\ autin/nufact99/whitepap.ps.
%See, in particular, the report of the Fermilab Working Group, 
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%
%\bibitem{kirk} Neutrino Factory and Muon Collider Collaboration, 
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%
%\bibitem{fnal}{C. Albright et al.,``Physics at a Neutrino Factory'' 
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\bibitem{opera} OPERA Collab., CERN-SPSC-97-24, hep-ex/9812015.
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\bibitem{icanoe} ICARUS/ICANOE Collab. F. Cavanna {\it et al.,} 
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\bibitem{minicop}
V.~Barger, A.~M.~Gago, D.~Marfatia, W.~J.~Teves, B.~P.~Wood, and 
R.~Zukanovich Funchal,
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\bibitem{jhf}{Y. Itoh {\it et al.,} (JHF Neutrino Working Group), Letter of 
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\bibitem{kamland}
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V.~D.~Barger, D.~Marfatia, and B.~P.~Wood,
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%\bibitem{arubbia}{ M. Campanelli, A. Bueno, A. Rubbia, hep-ph/9905240;
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\bibitem{bargergeer2}{ V. Barger, S. Geer, R. Raja, and K. Whisnant,
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\bibitem{barger-entry}{ V. Barger, S. Geer, R. Raja, and K. Whisnant,
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%%CITATION = MPLAE,A15,867;%%
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%%CITATION = PHRVA,D58,033001;%%
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%%CITATION = PHRVA,D61,073012;%%
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\bibitem{formcon}
M. Freund, Phys.\ Rev.\ D {\bf 64}, 053003 (2001); \\
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%%CITATION = PHRVA,D65,073023;%%

\bibitem{yanag}T. Yanagida, \textsl{Baryon Asymmetry
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%%CITATION = PHRVA,D63,113011;%%

\bibitem{superbeam-peak}
V.~Barger, D.~Marfatia, and K.~Whisnant,
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%%CITATION = HEP-PH 0108090;%%

%%% Duplicate of \bibitem{jhf}
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%
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%
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%
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%non-oscillation references
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%%CITATION = HEP-PH 0105155;%%

%cold muon references
%
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%
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M. Cooper, in {\sl Proc.\ Workshop on the First Muon Collider and at
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R. M. Carey {\it et al.}, ``AGS Letter of Intent -- Search for a
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\bibitem{bargersnow}
The material on the Higgs Factory physics is excerpted from
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%%CITATION = HEP-PH 0110340;%%

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%\cite{Barger:1997jm}
\bibitem{Barger:1997jm}
V.~Barger, M.~S.~Berger, J.~F.~Gunion, and T.~Han,
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%%CITATION = PRPLC,286,1;%%

%\cite{Barger:1995hr}
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V.~Barger, M.~S.~Berger, J.~F.~Gunion, and T.~Han,
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%%CITATION = PRLTA,75,1462;%%
%%CITATION = PHLTA,B480,140;%%

%%% Not cited in physics section
%\cite{Chankowski:2000an}
%\bibitem{Chankowski:2000an}
%P.~Chankowski \emph{et al.},
% T.~Farris, B.~Grzadkowski, J.~F.~Gunion, J.~Kalinowski, and M.~Krawczyk,
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%\cite{Battaglia:2000jb}
\bibitem{Battaglia:2000jb}
M.~Battaglia and K.~Desch,
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%collider,''
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%%CITATION = HEP-PH 0101165;%%

%%% Not cited in physics section
%\cite{Autin:1999ci}
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%B.~Autin et al.,
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%\cite{Gunion:1996cn}
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J.~F.~Gunion, L.~Poggioli, R.~Van Kooten, C.~Kao, and P.~Rowson,
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%%CITATION = HEP-PH 9703330;%%

%%% Not cited in physics section
%\bibitem{gunionmumu} 
%\cite{Gunion:1997qz}
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%(1997),
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\bibitem{rajawitherell}
S. Ahn {\it et al.,} \textsl{Muon Colliders: A Scenario for the Evolution of 
the Fermilab Accelerator Complex,}
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\bibitem{bbgh-wtt}
V.~Barger, M.~S.~Berger, J.~F.~Gunion, and T.~Han,
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%collider,''
Phys.\ Rev.\ D {\bf 56}, 1714 (1997).
%%CITATION = PHRVA,D56,1714;%%

\bibitem{bergerw}M.~S. Berger,
\textsl{``Precision W Boson and Higgs Boson Mass Determination at Muon 
Colliders,"} in 
\textsl{Proceedings of the Fermilab Workshop on Physics 
at a Muon Collider and the Front End of a Muon Collider,} 
editors-~S.~Geer, R.~Raja (November 1997) AIP {\bf 435},
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%%CITATION = HEP-PH 9712474;%%

\bibitem{bergertop}M.~S.~Berger,
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%%CITATION = HEP-PH 9712486;%%

\bibitem{kingnu}
B.~J.~King, Proc. PAC'99, pp318-20, New York City, NY, U.S.A, 29Mar-2
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%Neutrino Factory references go here
%
%\bibitem{Studyiireport}  S. Ozaki, R. Palmer, M.~S. Zisman, and J. Gallardo,
%Editors, \textsl{Feasibility Study-II of a Muon-Based Neutrino Source},
%BNL-52623, June, 2001.

\bibitem{FNALbooster}  W. Chou, A. Ankenbrandt, and E. Malamud, 
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\bibitem{pac1999}Proceedings of the  Particle Accelerator Conference (PAC1999), New York.
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\bibitem{pac2001}
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%%CITATION = NUCL-TH 9812038;%%

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%%CITATION = ITASE,10,1;%%

\bibitem{Ref:ORNLtgt}
J.~R.Haines and C.~C. Tsai, \textsl{Graphite Sublimation Tests for the
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\bibitem{daarht}  M. J. Burns \textit{et al.}, \textsl{DARHT Accelerators
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\bibitem{EPP:refsfofo}  Eun-San Kim \textit{et al.}, \textsl{LBNL Report on
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\bibitem{GEANT4}  The GEANT4 Tool Kit is available at
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\bibitem{proton-physics}
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\bibitem{low-pbar}\textsl{Proceedings of the
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Chicago, IL (2001), http://www.iit.edu/$\sim$bcps/hep/pbar2000.html.  

%Higgs factory references go here
%
\bibitem{gail}G.~Hanson,\textsl{Towards the Higgs Factory/Muon Collider,}
plenary talk at NUFACT01, Tsukuba, Japan (2001)~\cite{nufact01}.

\bibitem{higgsreport}\textsl{Higgs Factory Report}, D.~Cline and G.~Hanson, 
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\bibitem{eemeets}``Emittance Exchange Workshop, Brookhaven National Laboratory''
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{http://www.cap.bnl.gov/mumu/exchange/};\\
``Workshop on Instrumentation on Muon Cooling Studies'', IIT, November 2000,
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\bibitem{eework}``Workshop on Ring Coolers and Emittance Exchange'', 
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\bibitem{balb1} 
V. Balbekov, S. Geer, N.~Mokhov, R. Raja, and Z.~Usubov,
 ``Muon Ring Cooler for the MUCOOL Experiment'',see~\cite{pac2001}, p~3867.

%\bibitem{balb2}
%``BNL Neutrino Factory Feasibility Study II'', May 2001. To be 
%published.

\bibitem{balb4}
V.~Balbekov, ``Solenoid Based Ring Coolers'' (February 2002), \\
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\bibitem{icool}R. Fernow, \textsl{A Simulation Code for Ionization Cooling 
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\bibitem{balb5}
R.~Palmer, ``Muon Cooling Rings and Kickers'' (January 2002), \\ 
http://pubweb.bnl.gov/people/palmer/exch/kicker2.pdf.

\bibitem{balb6}
D.~Neuffer, ``Injection/Extraction and a Ring Cooler,'' Mucool Note 211,
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\bibitem{kahn}S.Kahn et.al, ``Design of a Magnet System for a Muon Cooling Ring Experiment'', Proc. 2001 Particle Accelerator Conference, Chicago, June 2001, P.3239\\
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\bibitem{ucla}
The working group on the quadrupole ring cooler consists of
Y.~Fukui, D.~Cline, A.~Garren, P.~He (UCLA),
A.~Bogacz(Jefferson Lab), D.~Errede(UIUC), H.~Kirk(BNL), and
F.~Mills(Fermilab).

\bibitem{ioni_cool} G.~I.~Budker and A.~N.~Skrinsky, Sov.~Phys.~Usp. 
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%%CITATION = SOPUA,21,277;%%

\bibitem{m1report} H.~Kirk, D.~Cline, Y,~Fukui, and A.~Garren
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\bibitem{synch}A. A. Garren, A. S. Kenney, E. D. Courant, A. D. Russel,
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and Orbit Analysis, 
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\bibitem{kinghi} Proc. HEMC'99 \textsl{Studies on Collider and
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B.J.~King;
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Proceedings of the 6-Month Feasibility Study, Oct00-Apr01,
 eds. A.~Caldwell and B.~J.~King, ISBN:1-58949-020-7, Rinton Press.

% r and d references here
%
\bibitem{muonsinc}
Muons, Inc.~is a private corporation headed by Rolland Johnson
that has received the DoE STTR grant to carry out this research.
http://www-mucool.fnal.gov/mcnotes/public/ps/muc0247/muc0247.ps.gz

\bibitem{longdyn}
Chun-xi~Wang and Kwang-Je~Kim, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 88}, 184801 (2002); \\
Kwang-Je~Kim and Chun-xi~Wang, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 85}, 760 (2000); \\
G.~Penn and J.~S.~Wurtele, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 85}, 764 (2000); \\
V.~M.~Malkin and N.~J.~Fisch, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 85}, 5575 (2000).
%%CITATION = PRLTA,88,184801;%%
%%CITATION = PRLTA,85,760;%%
%%CITATION = PRLTA,85,764;%%
%%CITATION = PRLTA,85,5575;%%

%\bibitem{BalbekovRing}
%V.~Balbekov, S.~Geer, N.~Mokhov, R.~Raja, and Z.~Usubov, 
%\textsl{Muon Ring Cooler for the Mucool experiment}, 
%Fermilab-Conf-01/144 (2001),
%paper submitted to the PAC2001 conference, Chicago, Illinois.

\bibitem{DarkCurrentnote}  J. Norem {\it et al.,} ``Preliminary Lab G Dark 
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J. Norem, V. Wu, A. Moretti, M. Popovic, Z. Qian, L. Ducas, Y. Torun, 
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{\it Dark Current Measurements of a Multicell, 805 MHz Cavity,}
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\bibitem{COSYref}  K. Makino and M. Berz, ``COSY INFINITY version 8'', 
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%%CITATION = NUIMA,A427,338;%%

%mice references go here

\bibitem{MUTAC-report}
Muon Technical Advisory Committee (H. Edwards {\it et al.}), ``MUTAC
Committee Report on the Muon Collaboration Review, 18--19 Oct.~2001"
(2 Dec.~2001).

\bibitem{cernmice}
M.~Aleska et.~al, 
{\textsl Beam Dynamics Study of a Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment}, 
CERN-Nufact-Note-108, http://molat.home.cern.ch/molat/neutrino/nf108.pdf.

\bibitem{summers}
L.~Cremaldi and D.~Summers, Mucool Note 221 (October 2001), \hfill \break
http://www-mucool.fnal.gov/mcnotes/public/pdf/muc0221/muc0221.pdf; 
\hfill \break
D.~Bartlett {\it et~al.,} Nucl.~Instrum.~Meth. {\bf A260}, 55 (1987).
%%CITATION = NUIMA,A260,55;%%

\bibitem{Blondel-cooling}
A.~Blondel, contribution to the CERN Neutrino Factory Working Group, \\
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\bibitem{Hanke-cooling}
K. Hanke, contribution to the Workshop on an International Muon
Ionization Cooling Experiment, CERN, October 2001,
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\end{thebibliography}

\end{document}
