BTS | Dictionary

Economies of Scale: Cost reductions or productivity efficiencies achieved through size-optimization in relation to operational circumstances. For example, commodity freight rates usually decline as the volume of cargo tonnage shipped increases. (MARAD1)

Economy: Transport service established for the carriage of passengers at fares and quality of service below that of coach service. (BTS5)

ECOSOC: Committee of Experts On the Transport of Dangerous Goods of the United Nations Economic and Social Council (RSPA1)

ECPC: Economic Classification Policy Committee (BTS8)

ECVFP: Expanded Charted Visual Flight Procedures (FAA17)

ED: Effective Diameter (TII1)

EDCT: Estimated Departure Clearance Time (FAA4) (FAA8)

EDD: Explosives Detection Devices (FAA1)

Eddy: A current running contrary to the main current, causing water turbulence, e.g., below the bridge pier where a swift current is passing through, or below a bar or point. (TNDOT1)

Eddy Above and Below: Channel report term meaning that eddies should be expected both above and below the object mentioned in the marks, such as dikes, top and bottom of crossings, sunken obstructions, etc.; tricky water. (TNDOT1)

Eddy Extends Way Out: Term meaning that an eddy extends from the shore or the dike into or across the range formed by this set of marks, or extends one-third or more across the river. (TNDOT1)

Eddy Makes Out from Right (Left) Shore: Term indicating that one should watch for eddy along the shore designated in this set of marks. (TNDOT1)

EDI: Electronic Data Interchange (BTS8) (RSPA1)

EDP: Expedite Departure Path (FAA17)

EDS: Explosive Detection Systems (FAA7) (FAA1)

EDSS: Equipment Deployment and Storage System (MTMC1)

EFAS: En Route Flight Advisory Service (FAA8)

EFC: Expect Further Clearance (FAA4)

Effective Intensity: That intensity of a light in candela as defined by the Illuminating Engineering Society's Guide for Calculating the Effective Intensity of Flashing Signal Lights, November, 1964. (49CFR221)

Effective Locking Device: A manually operated switch or derail which is 1) Vandal resistant; 2) Tamper resistant; and 3) Capable of being locked and unlocked only by the class, craft or group of employees for whom the protection is being provided. (49CFR218)

EFIS: Electronic Flight Information Systems (FAA6)

EHTR: Emergency Highway Traffic Regulation (MTMC1)

EIA: Energy Information Administration (OFR1)

EIS: Environmental Impact Statement (FAA17)

Ejection: Refers to occupants being totally or partially thrown from the vehicle as a result of an impact or rollover. (NHTSA2) (NHTSA3)

Electric Lock: [with respect to rail operations] A device to prevent or restrict the movement of a lever, a switch or a movable bridge, unless the locking member is withdrawn by an electrical device such as an electromagnet, solenoid or motor. (49CFR236)

Electric Locking: [with respect to rail operations] The combination of one or more electric locks and controlling circuits by means of which levers of an interlocking machine, or switches or other units operated in connection with signaling and interlocking, are secured against operation under certain conditions. (49CFR236)

Electric System: Physically connected generation, transmission, and distribution facilities operated as an integrated unit under one central management or operating supervision. (DOE5)

Electricity: (See also Gigawatt, Kilowatt, Megawatt) A form of energy generated by friction, induction, or chemical change that is caused by the presence and motion of elementary charged particles of which matter consists. (DOE5)

Electro-Pneumatic Switch: A switch operated by an electro-pneumatic switch-and-lock movement. (49CFR236)

Electro-Pneumatic Valve: A valve electrically operated which, when operated, will permit or prevent passage of air. (49CFR236)

Elevated on Fill: Rail transit way above surface level fill. Transition segments above surface level on fill are included. (FTA1)

Elevated on Structure: Rail transit way above surface level on structure. Transition segments above surface level on structures are included. (FTA1)

Elevated Rail Subway: Includes elevated and subway trains in a city. (FHWA3)

Elevated Temperature Material: A material which, when offered for transportation or transported in a bulk packaging: 1) Is in a liquid phase and at a temperature at or above 100 degrees C (212 degrees F); 2) Is in a liquid phase with a flash point at or above 37.8 degrees C (100 degrees F) that is intentionally heated and offered for transportation or transported at or above its flash point; or 3) Is in a solid phase and at a temperature at or above 240 degrees C (464 degrees F). (49CFR171)

Elevator: Hydraulic end-gate. (ATA1)

ELP: El Paso International Airport (FAA11)

ELT: Emergency Locator Transmitter (FAA4) (FAA8)

ELT: Enforcement of Laws and Treaties (USCG5)

Embankment: A raised structure of earth, ground, etc. (DOI4)

EMC: Electromagnetic Compatibility (FAA19)

Emergency: A deviation from normal operation, a structural failure, or severe environmental conditions that probably would cause harm to people or property. (49CFR193)

Emergency: Any hurricane, tornado, storm (e.g. thunderstorm, snowstorm, icestorm, blizzard, sandstorm, etc.), high water, wind-driven water, tidal wave, tsunami, earthquake, volcanic eruption, mud slide, drought, forest fire, explosion, blackout or other occurrence, natural or man-made, which interrupts the delivery of essential services (such as, electricity, medical care, sewer, water, telecommunications, and telecommunication transmissions) or essential supplies (such as, food and fuel) or otherwise immediately threatens human life or public welfare, provided such hurricane, tornado, or other event results in: a) A declaration of an emergency by the President of the United States, the Governor of a State, or their authorized representatives having authority to declare emergencies; by the Regional Director of Motor Carriers for the region in which the occurrence happens; or by other Federal, State or local government officials having authority to declare emergencies, or b) A request by a police officer for tow trucks to move wrecked or disabled vehicles. (49CFR390)

Emergency Brake: A mechanism designed to stop a motor vehicle after a failure of the service brake system. (49CFR571)

Emergency Brake System: A mechanism designed to stop a vehicle after a single failure occurs in the service brake system of a part designed to contain compressed air or brake fluid or vacuum (except failure of a common valve, manifold brake fluid housing or brake chamber housing). (49CFR393)

Emergency Contingency Vehicles: Revenue vehicles placed in an inactive contingency fleet for energy or other local emergencies after the revenue vehicles have reached the end of their normal minimum useful life. The vehicles must be properly stored and maintained, and the Emergency Contingency Plan must be approved by FTA. Substantial changes to the plan (10% change in fleet) require re-approval by FTA. (FTA1)

Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT): A radio transmitter attached to the aircraft structure which operates from its own power source on 121.5 MHz and 243.0 MHz. It aids in locating downed aircraft by radiating a downward sweeping audio tone, 2-4 times per second. It is designed to function without human action after an accident. (FAA4) (FAA8)

Emergency Opening Window: That segment of a side facing glazing location which has been designed to permit rapid and easy removal during a crisis situation. (49CFR223)

Emergency Relief: An operation in which a motor carrier or driver of a commercial motor vehicle is providing direct assistance to supplement State and local efforts and capabilities to save lives or property or to protect public health and safety as a result of an emergency. (49CFR390)

EMI: Emergency Management Institute (RSPA1)

Emission Standards: Standards for the levels of pollutants emitted from automobiles and trucks. Congress established the first standards in the Clean Air Act of 1963. Currently, standards are set for four vehicle classes - automobiles, light trucks, heavy duty gasoline trucks, and heavy-duty diesel trucks. (DOE6)

Employee: 1) A driver of a commercial motor vehicle (including an independent contractor while in the course of operating a commercial motor vehicle); 2) A mechanic; 3) A freight handler; 4) Any individual, other than an employee, who is employed by an employer and who in the course of his or her employment directly affects commercial motor vehicle safety, but such term does not include an employee of the United States, any State, any political subdivision of a State, or any agency established under a compact between States and approved by the Congress of the United States who is acting within the course of such employment. (49CFR390)

Employee: An individual who is compensated by the transit agency and whose expense is reported in object class 501 labor. (FTA1)

Employee Hours: The number of hours worked by all employees of the railroad during the previous calendar year. (49CFR245)

Employee Human Factor: (See also Human Factor) Includes any of the accident causes signified by the rail equipment accident/incident cause codes listed under "Train Operation-Human Factors" in the current "Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) Guide for Preparing Accident/Incident Reports," except for Cause Code 506. (49CFR225)

Employee Not On Duty: A railroad employee who is on railroad property for a purpose connected with his or her employment or with other railroad permission, but who is not engaged in rail operations for financial or other compensation. (FRA3)

Employee On Duty (Class A): Those persons who are engaged in the operation of a railroad. Ordinarily the fact that the employee is or is not under pay will determine whether he or she is "on duty". However, employees on railroad property while on rest or meal periods, "training time", or doing work which they are expected to do, but actually perform before pay starts, must be considered as "employees on duty." (FRA2)

Employee On Duty (Class B): Those employees who are on railroad property for purposes connected with their employment or with other railroad permission, but who are not "on-duty" as defined above. (FRA2)

Employer: Any person engaged in a business affecting interstate commerce who owns or leases a commercial motor vehicle in connection with that business, or assigns employees to operate it, but such terms does not include the United States, any State, any political subdivision of a State, or an agency established under a compact between States approved by the Congress of the United States. (49CFR390)

Empty Car Mile: An empty car mile is a mile run by a freight car without a load. In the case of intermodal movements, the car miles generated will be loaded or empty depending on whether the trailers/containers are moved with or without a waybill, respectively. (AAR1)

EMR: Electromagnetic Radiation (NHTSA5)

EMS: Emergency Medical Services (NHTSA6)

EMSAW: En Route Minimum Safe Altitude Warning (FAA4) (FAA8)

EMSIS: Emergency Shipping Information System (MARAD4)

EMU: Electric Multiple-Unit Car (TRB1)

En Route: One of three phases of flight services (terminal, en route, oceanic). En route service is provided outside of terminal airspace and is exclusive of oceanic control. (FAA8)

En Route Air Traffic Control Service: Air traffic control service provided for aircraft on Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) flight plans, generally by Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC), when these aircraft are operating between departure and destination terminal areas. When equipment capabilities and controller workload permit, certain advisory/assistance services may be provided to Visual Flight Rules (VFR) aircraft. (FAA4) (FAA8)

En Route Center: An Air Route Traffic Control Center. (FAA3)

En Route Descent: Descent from the en route cruising altitude which takes place along the route of flight. (FAA4)

En Route Facility Activity: Total Instrument Flight Rules aircraft handled ; (2 x departures) + Domestic and Oceanic Overflights. (FAA3)

En Route High Altitude Charts: Provide aeronautical information for en route instrument navigation (IFR) in the high altitude stratum. Information includes the portrayal of jet routes, identification and frequencies of radio aids, selected airports, distances, time zones, special uses airspaces, and related information. (FAA4)

En Route Low Altitude Charts: Provide aeronautical information for en route instrument navigation (IFR) in the low altitude stratum. Information includes the portrayal of airways, limits of controlled airspace, position identification and frequencies of radio aids, selected airports, minimum en route and minimum obstruction clearance altitudes, airway distances, reporting points, restricted areas, and related data. Area charts, which are a part of this series, furnish terminal data at a larger scale in congested areas. (FAA4)

En Route Minimum Safe Altitude Warning: A function of the National Airspace System (NAS) Stage A en route computer that aids the controller by alerting him when a tracked aircraft is below or predicted by the computer to go below a predetermined minimum Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) altitude (MIA). (FAA4) (FAA8)

En Route Spacing Program: A program designed to assist the exit sector in achieving the required in trail spacing. (FAA4)

End Facing Glazing Location: Any location where a line perpendicular to the plane of the glazing material makes a horizontal angle of 50 degrees or less with the centerline of the locomotive, caboose or passenger car. Any location which, due to curvature of the glazing material, can meet the criteria for either a front facing location or a side facing location shall be considered a front facing location. (49CFR223)

End-Use Energy Consumption: Primary end-use energy consumption is the sum of fossil fuel consumption by the four end-use sectors (residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation) and generation of hydroelectric power by nonelectric utilities. Net end-use energy consumption includes electric utility sales to those sectors but excludes electrical system energy losses. Total end-use energy consumption includes both electric utility sales to the four end-use sectors and electrical system energy losses. (DOE3)

End-Use Energy Consumption: The sum of fossil fuel consumption by the four end-use sectors (residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation) plus electric utility sales to those sectors and generation of hydroelectric power by nonelectric utilities. Net end-use energy consumption excludes electrical system energy losses. Total end-use energy consumption includes electrical system energy losses. (DOE5)

End-Use Sectors: The residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation sectors of the economy. (DOE3)

Ending Milepost: The continuous milepost notation, to the nearest 0.01 mile that marks the end of any road or trail segment. (DOI2)

Endorsement: An authorization to an individual's commercial driver's license (CDL) required to permit the individual to operate certain types of commercial motor vehicles. (49CFR383)

Endorsement: An amendment to an insurance policy. (49CFR387)

Energy: The capacity for doing work as measured by the capability of doing work (potential energy) or the conversion of this capability to motion (kinetic energy). Energy has several forms, some of which are easily convertible and can be changed to another form useful for work. Most of the world's convertible energy comes from fossil fuels that are burned to produce heat that is then used as a transfer medium to mechanical or other means in order to accomplish tasks. Electrical energy is usually measured in kilowatt hours, while heat energy is usually measured in British thermal units. (DOE3) (DOE5)

Energy Capacity: Measured in kilowatt hours. The energy delivered by the battery, when tested at C/3 discharge rate, up to termination of discharge specified by the battery manufacturer. The required acceleration power must be delivered by the battery at any point up to 80% of the battery's energy capacity rating. (DOE6)

Energy Consumption: The use of energy as a source of heat or power or as an input in the manufacturing process. (DOE3)

Energy Efficiency: In reference to transportation, the inverse of energy intensiveness: the ratio of outputs from a process to the energy inputs; for example, miles traveled per gallon of fuel (mpg). (DOE6)

Energy Efficient Motors: Are also known as "high-efficiency motors" and "premium motors." They are virtually interchangeable with standard motors, but differences in construction make them more energy efficient. (DOE5)

Energy Information Administration (EIA): An independent agency within the U.S. Department of Energy that develops surveys, collects energy data, and analyzes and models energy issues. The Agency must meet the requests of Congress, other elements within the Department of Energy, Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, the Executive Branch, its own independent needs, and assist the general public, or other interest groups, without taking a policy position. (DOE5)

Energy Intensity: In reference to transportation, the ratio of energy inputs to a process to the useful outputs form that process; for example, gallons of fuel per passenger-mile or Btu per ton-mile. (DOE6)

Energy Source: A substance, such as petroleum, natural gas, or coal, that supplies heat or power. In Energy Information Administration reports, electricity and renewable forms of energy, such as biomass, geothermal, wind, and solar, are considered to be energy sources. (DOE3) (DOE5)

Engine: A locomotive propelled by any form of energy and used by a railroad. (49CFR171)

Engine Classification: A 2-digit numeric code identifying vehicle engines by the number of cylinders. (GSA2)

Engine Displacement: (See also Cylinder, Engine Size) The volume in inches, through which the head of the piston moves, multiplied by the number of cylinders in the engine. Also known as cubic inch displacement (CID), may also be measured in liters. (GSA2)

Engine Retarder: Electronic equipment which governs engine speed control. (BOC3)

Engine Size: (See also Cylinder, Engine Displacement) The total volume within all cylinders of an engine, when pistons are at their lowest positions. The engine is usually measured in "liters" or "cubic inches of displacement (CID)." Generally, larger engines result in greater engine power, but less fuel efficiency. There are 61.024 cubic inches in a liter. (DOE4) (DOE5)

Engineer: A person responsible for operating and maintaining the power system on a vessel. (TNDOT1)

English Units: The term "English" refers to the United States legislative interpretation of the units as defined in a document prepared by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), U.S. Department of Commerce, Special Publication 330. Commonly used English units in Highway Performance Monitoring System (HPMS) are miles, feet, and inches. (FHWA2)

ENOD: Employee Not on Duty (FRA4)

Enplaned Passenger: The total number of revenue passengers boarding aircraft. (FAA15)

Enplaned Revenue Tons of Freight and Mail: The number of revenue tons of freight and mail loaded on an aircraft including originating and transfer tons. (FAA15)

Enplanement: Domestic, territorial, and international revenue passengers who board an aircraft in the states in scheduled and non-scheduled service of aircraft in intrastate, interstate, and foreign commerce and includes intransit passengers (passengers on board international flights that transit an airport in the US for non-traffic purposes). (FAA11)

ENTERPRISE: Evaluating New Technologies for Roads Program Initiatives in Safety and Efficiency (FHWA15)

Entitlement: See Apportionment.

Entrapment: Refers to persons being partially or completely in the vehicle and mechanically restrained by a damaged vehicle component. Jammed doors and immobilizing injuries, by themselves, do not constitute entrapment. Occupants pinned by cargo shift are not considered to be entrapped. Occupants who are completely or partially ejected and subsequently become pinned by their own vehicle and any surface other than their own vehicle are not considered entrapped. An occupant whose seat belt buckle release mechanism is jammed as a result of a crash is not considered entrapped. (NHTSA2)

Entry Point: The point at which an aircraft transitions from an offshore control area to oceanic airspace. (FAA4)

Environmental Protection Agency Certification Files: Computer files produced by Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for analysis purposes. For each vehicle make, model and year, the files contain the EPA test Miles Per Gallon (MPG) (city, highway and 55/45 composite). These MPG's are associated with various combinations of engine and drive-train technologies (e.g., number of cylinders, engine size, gasoline or diesel fuel, and automatic or manual transmission). These files also contain information similar to that in the Department of Energy (DOE)/EPA Gas Mileage Guide, although the MPG's in that publication are adjusted for shortfall. (DOE4) (DOE5)

Environmental Protection Agency Composite Mile Per Gallon (MPG): The harmonic mean of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) city and highway MPG, weighted under the assumption of 55 percent city driving and 45 percent highway driving. (DOE4) (DOE5)

Environmental Restoration: Restitution for the loss, damage, or destruction of natural resources arising out of the accidental discharge, dispersal, release or escape into or upon the land, atmosphere, watercourse, or body of water of any commodity transported by a motor carrier. This shall include the cost of removal and the cost of necessary measure taken to minimize or mitigate damage to human health, the natural environment, fish, shellfish, and wildlife. (49CFR387)

Environmentally Sensitive Area: An area of environmental importance which is in or adjacent to navigable waters. (49CFR194)

EOD: Employee on Duty (FRA4)

EOF: Emergency Operations Facility (FAA17)

EPA: Environmental Protection Agency (BTS2) (OFR1)

EPACT: Energy Policy Act of 1992 (BTS8)

EPS: Engineered Performance Standards (FAA4)

Equalizing Reservoir: An air reservoir connected with and adding volume to the top portion of the equalizing piston chamber of the automatic brake valve, to provide uniform service reductions in brake pipe pressure regardless of the length of the train. (49CFR236)

Equipment Code: A six digit numeric code used to classify equipment by its usage characteristics (passenger carrying, cargo hauling, etc.), gross weight rating, and equipment configuration (panel truck, pick-up, stake body, dump etc.). (GSA2)

Equipment Consist: An equipment consist is a train, locomotive(s), cut of cars, or a single car not coupled to another car or locomotive. (FRA2) (FRA4)

Equipment Damage: All costs, including labor and material, associated with the repair or replacement-in-kind of on-track rail equipment. Trailers/container on flat cars are considered to be lading and damage to these is not to be included in on-track equipment damage. Damage to a flat car carrying a trailer/container is to be included in reportable damage. (FRA2)

Equivalent Airspeed: The calibrated airspeed of an aircraft corrected for adiabatic compressible flow for the particular altitude. Equivalent airspeed is equal to calibrated airspeed in standard atmosphere at sea level. (14CFR1)

ERG: Emergency Response Guide (RSPA2)

ERGS: Electronic Route Guidance System (FHWA15)

ERM: En Route Metering (FAA19)

ERP: Enroute Reporting Point (MTMC1)

ESAL: Equivalent Single-Axle Load (MM)

ESARTS: En Route Stand-Alone Radar Training System (FAA19)

ESMMC: Enhanced SMMC (FAA19)

ESP: En Route Spacing Program (FAA4) (FAA17) (FAA19)

ESP: Extra - Sensory Perception

Establishment: A single physical location where business is conducted or where services or industrial operations are performed. Examples of railroad establishments include, but are not limited to: an operating division; general office; and a major installation such as a locomotive or car repair or construction facility. For employees who are engaged in dispersed operations, such as track maintenance workers, the "establishment' is the location where these employees report for work assignments. (FRA2)

Estimate Ratio: (See also Mean; Ratio Estimate) The ratio of two population aggregates (totals). For example, "average miles traveled per vehicle" is the ratio of total miles driven by all vehicles, over the total number of vehicles, within any subgroup. There are two types of ratio estimates; those computed using aggregates for vehicles and those computed using aggregates for households. (DOE5)

Estimated Arrival Time: The time the flight is estimated to arrive at the gate (scheduled operators) or the actual runway on times for nonscheduled operators. (FAA4)

Estimated Elapsed Time: The estimated time required to proceed from one significant point to another. (FAA4)

Estimated En Route Time: The estimated flying time from departure point to destination (lift-off to touchdown). (FAA4)

Estuary: The lower end of a river, or a semi-enclosed coastal body of water with access to the open ocean, which is affected by the tides and where fresh and salt water mix. (DOI3)

ETA: Estimated Time of Arrival (FAA4) (FAA8)

ETC: Electronic Toll Collection (FHWA11)

ETC: Employee Transportation Coordinator (MOCD)

ETE: Estimated Time En Route (FAA4)

Ethanol: Otherwise known as ethyl alcohol, alcohol, or grain-spirit. A clear, colorless, flammable oxygenated hydrocarbon with a boiling point of 78.5 degrees Celsius in the anhydrous state. In transportation, ethanol is used as a vehicle fuel by itself (E100), blended with gasoline (E85), or as a gasoline octane enhancer and oxygenate (10% concentration). (DOE6)

ETMS: Enhanced Traffic Management System (FAA17) (FAA7) (FAA19)

ETOPS: Extended Twin-Engine Over Water Operations (OST3)

ETRR: Export Traffic Release Request (MTMC1)

ETTM: Electronic Toll and Traffic Management (TXDOT)

ETV: Electronic Transfer Vehicle (MTMC1)

ETVS: Enhanced Terminal Voice Switching (FAA19)

EUR: European Region (USTTA1)

EV: Electric Vehicle (BTS8)

EVAS: Enhanced Vortex Advisory System (FAA17)

Event: See also Accident, Casualty, Collision, Crash, Derailment, Fatality, Incident, Injury.

Event Recorder: A device, designed to resist tampering, that monitors and records data on train speed, direction of motion, time, distance, throttle position, brake applications and operations (including train brake, independent brake, and, if so equipped, dynamic brake applications and operations) and, where the locomotive is so equipped, cab signal aspect(s), over the most recent 48 hours of operation of the electrical system of the locomotive on which it is installed. (49CFR229)

EWR: Newark International Airport (FAA11)

Ex Quay: The seller makes the goods available to the buyer on the quay (wharf) at the destination named in the sales contract. The seller has to bear the full cost and risk involved in bringing the goods there. (USTTA1)

Ex Ship: The seller will make the goods available to the buyer on board the ship at the destination named in the sales contract. The seller bears all costs and risks involved in bringing the goods to the destination. (USTTA1)

Ex Ship's Tackle (EST): Similar to Cost, Insurance and Freight, but seller is responsible for loss and damage until goods are delivered on dock at port of destination. Seller has to insure goods up to this point. Also called "ex ship." (TNDOT1)

Ex Warehouse: Buyer is responsible for all charges to destination and has to arrange insurance to cover the goods from the time they leave the warehouse at the place of shipment until their arrival at final destination. Also called "ex works." (TNDOT1)

Ex Works: See Ex Warehouse.

Excess: Any property under the control of a Federal Agency which that agency determines is not required for its needs or for the discharge of its responsibilities. (GSA2)

Excess Baggage Revenue: Revenues from the transportation by air of passenger baggage in excess of the free allowance. (BTS4)

Exclusion Zone: An area surrounding a Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) facility in which an operator or government agency legally controls all activities in accordance with 49 CFR 193.2057 and 49 CFR 193.2059 for as long as the facility is in operation. (49CFR193)

Exclusive Right-Of-Way: (See also Controlled Access Rights-of-Way) A highway or other facility that can only be used by buses or other transit vehicles. (APTA1)

Exclusive Rights-Of-Way: Roadways or other right-of-way reserved at all times for transit use and/or other high occupancy vehicles. The restriction must be sufficiently enforced so that 95 percent of vehicles using the right-of-way are authorized to use it. (FTA1)

Executive Transportation: Any use of an aircraft by a corporation, company, or other organization for the purposes of transporting its employees and/or property not for compensation or hire, and employing professional pilots for the operation of the aircraft. (FAA2) (FAA10) (FAA14)

Exempt Carrier: A for hire interstate operator [which] transports commodities or provides types of services that are exempt from federal regulation, could also operate within exempt commercial zones. (BOC4)

Exempt Intracity Zone: The geographic area of a municipality or the commercial zone of that municipality described by the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) in 49 CFR 1048, revised as of October 1, 1975. The descriptions are printed in appendix F to subchapter B of 49 CFR, Chapter III, Subchapter B. The term "exempt intracity zone" does not include any municipality or commercial zone in the State of Hawaii. For the purposes of 49 CFR 390.3(g), a driver may be considered to operate a vehicle wholly within an exempt intracity zone notwithstanding any common control, management, or arrangement for a continuous carriage or shipment to or from a point without such zone. (49CFR390)

Exempt Motor Carrier: A person engaged in transportation exempt from economic regulation by the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) under 49 U.S.C. 10526. "Exempt motor carriers" are subject to the safety regulations set forth in 49 CFR, Chapter III, Subchapter B. (49CFR390)

Exemption: A temporary or permanent grant, license or form of legal permission given by an agency to deviate from a regulation or provision of law administered by that agency. Issued in response to a petition for relief submitted by an individual or company. (USCG1)

Expandable: Flatbed trailer which can be expanded beyond its regular length to carry larger shipments. (ATA1)

Expect Altitude At Time or Fix: Used under certain conditions to provide a pilot with an altitude to be used in the event of two-way communications failure. It also provides altitude information to assist the pilot in planning. (FAA4)

Expect Further Clearance: Used to inform a pilot of the routing he can expect if any part of the route beyond a short range clearance limit differs from that filed. (FAA4)

Expected Departure Clearance Time (EDCT): The runway release time assigned to an aircraft in a controlled departure time program and shown on the flight progress strip as an EDCT. (FAA4)

Expedite: Used by Air Traffic Control (ATC) when prompt compliance is required to avoid the development of an imminent situation. (FAA4)

Expenditure: All amounts of money paid out by a government, net of recoveries and other correcting transactions, other than retirement of debt, investment in securities, extension of credit, or agency transactions. Federal expenditures are also referred to as outlays. (BTS3)

Expenditures: Funds spent for energy purchased and paid for or delivered to a manufacturer during a calendar year. The expenditure dollar includes state and local taxes and delivery charges. (DOE5)

Experimental Aircraft: An aircraft which does not have a type design or does not meet other certification standards. The "experimental" designation is one of several "Special Airworthiness Certificates" which allows the aircraft to operate in U.S. airspace. None may be used for commercial purposes. Experimental aircraft are divided into three groups: 1) amateur built: an aircraft, built by one or more persons who undertake the effort for the purpose of recreation and education; 2) exhibition: a unique (one-of-a-kind) aircraft, a replica, a foreign or U.S. military surplus aircraft which may be used for exhibition purposes-movie and television productions, or sanctioned, organized events where the unique or unusual characteristics of the aircraft can be displayed; 3) other: includes experimental aircraft that are not amateur or exhibition. This includes aircraft involved in research and development, crew training, market surveys, air racing, those used to show compliance with regulations and the like. (FAA6)

Explosion-Detonation: An accident/incident caused by the detonation of material carried by or transported by rail. A detonation occurs when a shock wave exceeds the speed of sound. Explosions-detonations resulting from mishaps during loading or unloading operations, and those caused by fire aboard on-track equipment are included in this definition. (FRA2)

Export License: A government document permitting designated goods to be shipped out of the country as specified. (TNDOT1)

Exports: 1) Outbound international freight, including re-export of foreign merchandise. 2) Shipments of goods from the 50 States and the District of Columbia to foreign countries and to Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and other U.S. possessions and territories. (DOE3) (DOE5) (TNDOT1)

Exposed Pipeline: A pipeline where the top of the pipe is protruding above the seabed in water less than 15 feet deep, as measured from the mean low water. (49CFR195)

Express Body: Open box truck body. (ATA1)

Express Bus: A bus that operates a portion of the route without stops or with a limited number of stops. (APTA1)

Expressway: (See also Freeway, Freeways and Expressways, Highway, Interstate Highway (Freeway or Expressway), Road). A divided highway for through traffic with full or partial access control and including grade separations at all or most major intersections. (FHWA2)

Extended Over-Water Operations: 1) With respect to aircraft other than helicopters, an operation over water at a horizontal distance of more than 50 nautical miles from the nearest shoreline; and 2) With respect to helicopters, an operation over water at a horizontal distance of more than 50 nautical miles from the nearest shoreline and more than 50 nautical miles from an off-shore heliport structure. (14CFR1)

External Combustion Engine: An engine in which fuel combustion takes place outside the cylinder, turbine, or the like and in which energy is turned into mechanical force; for example, a steam engine. (TRB1)

External Load: A load that is carried, or extends, outside of the aircraft fuselage. (14CFR1)

External Load Attaching: The structural components used to attach an external load to an aircraft, including external-load containers, the backup structure at the attachment points, and any quick-release device used to jettison the external load. (14CFR1)

Extraordinary Items Income (Loss): Income or loss which can be characterized as material, unusual and of infrequent occurrence. (BTS4)

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