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Previous Value (Year) | Most Recent Value (Year) | Change Between Years | |
---|---|---|---|
Demographic Background | |||
Child population* | |||
Children ages 0–17 in the United States | 73.9 million (2007) | 73.9 million (2008) | NS |
Children as a percentage of the population* | |||
Children ages 0–17 in the United States | 24.5% (2007) | 24.3% (2008) | |
Racial and ethnic composition* | |||
Children ages 0–17 by race and Hispanic origin | |||
White | 76.0% (2007) | 75.9% (2008) | |
White, non-Hispanic | 56.8% (2007) | 56.2% (2008) | |
Black | 15.2% (2007) | 15.2% (2008) | NS |
Asian | 4.1% (2007) | 4.2% (2008) | |
All other races | 4.7% (2007) | 4.8% (2008) | |
Hispanic (of any race) | 21.2% (2007) | 21.8% (2008) | |
Family and Social Environment | |||
Family structure and children's living arrangements | |||
Children ages 0–17 living with two married parents | 68% (2007) | 67% (2008) | |
Births to unmarried women | |||
Births to unmarried women ages 15–44 | 51 per 1,000 (2006) | 53 per 1,000 (2007) | |
All births that are to unmarried women | 38% (2006) | 40% (2007) | |
Child care | |||
Children ages 0–4, with employed mothers, whose primary child care arrangement is with a relative | Summary statistics excluded due to lack of comparability of data across the previous and most recent years. Please refer to the indicator text for more details. | ||
Children ages 0–6, not yet in kindergarten, who received some form of nonparental child care on a regular basis | 61% (2001) | 61% (2005) | NS |
Children of at least one foreign-born parent | |||
Children ages 0–17 living with at least one foreign-born parent | 22% (2007) | 22% (2008) | NS |
Language spoken at home and difficulty speaking English | |||
Children ages 5–17 who speak a language other than English at home | 20.3% (2006) | 20.5% (2007) | |
Children ages 5–17 who speak a language other than English at home and who have difficulty speaking English | 5% (2006) | 5% (2007) | NS |
Adolescent births | |||
Births to females ages 15–17 | 22.0 per 1,000 (2006) | 22.2 per 1,000 (2007) | |
Child maltreatment | |||
Substantiated reports of maltreatment of children ages 0–17 | Summary statistics excluded due to lack of comparability of data across the previous and most recent years. Please refer to the indicator text for more details. | ||
Economic Circumstances | |||
Child poverty and family income | |||
Related children ages 0–17 in poverty | 17% (2006) | 18% (2007) | |
Secure parental employment | |||
Children ages 0–17 living with at least one parent employed year round, full time | 78% (2006) | 77% (2007) | |
Food security | |||
Children ages 0–17 in households classified by USDA as "food insecure" | 17% (2006) | 17% (2007) | NS |
Health Care | |||
Health insurance coverage | |||
Children ages 0–17 covered by health insurance at some time during the year | 88% (2006) | 89% (2007) | |
Usual source of health care | |||
Children ages 0–17 with no usual source of health care | 6% (2006) | 6% (2007) | NS |
Childhood immunization | |||
Children ages 19–35 months with the 4:3:1:3:3:1 combined series of vaccinations | 77% (2006) | 77% (2007) | NS |
Oral health | |||
Children ages 2–17 with a dental visit in the past year | 76% (2006) | 77% (2007) | NS |
Physical Environment and Safety | |||
Outdoor and indoor air quality | |||
Children ages 0–17 living in counties in which levels of one or more air pollutants were above allowable levels | 66% (2006) | 66% (2007) | NS |
Drinking water quality | |||
Children served by community water systems that did not meet all applicable health-based drinking water standards | 9% (2006) | 8% (2007) | NS |
Lead in the blood of children | |||
Children ages 1–5 with blood lead greater than or equal to 10 µg/dL | 2% (1999–2002) | ** (2003–2006) | NS |
Housing problems | |||
Households with children ages 0–17 reporting shelter cost burden, crowding, and/or physically inadequate housing | 40% (2005) | 43% (2007) | |
Youth victims of serious violent crimes | |||
Serious violent crime victimization of youth ages 12–17 | 14 per 1,000 (2005) | 10 per 1,000 (2007) | NS |
Child injury and mortality | |||
Injury deaths of children ages 1–4 | 13 per 100,000 (2005) | 12 per 100,000 (2006) | NS |
Injury deaths of children ages 5–14 | 8 per 100,000 (2005) | 7 per 100,000 (2006) | |
Adolescent injury and mortality | |||
Injury deaths of adolescents ages 15–19 | 50 per 100,000 (2005) | 50 per 100,000 (2006) | NS |
Behavior | |||
Regular cigarette smoking | |||
Students who reported smoking daily in the past 30 days | |||
8th grade | 3% (2007) | 3% (2008) | NS |
10th grade | 7% (2007) | 6% (2008) | |
12th grade | 12% (2007) | 11% (2008) | NS |
Alcohol use | |||
Students who reported having five or more alcoholic beverages in a row in the past 2 weeks | |||
8th grade | 8% (2007) | 8% (2008) | NS |
10th grade | 20% (2007) | 16% (2007) | |
12th grade | 26% (2007) | 25% (2008) | NS |
Illicit drug use | |||
Students who reported using illicit drugs in the past 30 days | |||
8th grade | 7% (2007) | 8% (2008) | NS |
10th grade | 17% (2007) | 16% (2008) | NS |
12th grade | 22% (2007) | 22% (2008) | NS |
Sexual activity | |||
High school students who reported ever having had sexual intercourse | 47% (2005) | 48% (2007) | NS |
Youth perpetrators of serious violent crimes | |||
Youth offenders ages 12–17 involved in serious violent crimes | 17 per 1,000 (2005) | 11 per 1,000 (2007) | |
Education | |||
Family reading to young children | |||
Children ages 3–5 who were read to every day in the last week by a family member | 60% (2005) | 55% (2007) | |
Mathematics and reading achievement | |||
Average mathematics scale score of | |||
4th-graders (0–500 scale) | 238 (2005) | 240 (2007) | |
8th-graders (0–500 scale) | 279 (2005) | 281 (2007) | |
12th-graders (0–300 scale) | — | 150 (2005) | N/A |
Average reading scale score of | |||
4th-graders (0–500 scale) | 219 (2005) | 221 (2007) | |
8th-graders (0–500 scale) | 262 (2005) | 263 (2007) | |
12th-graders (0–500 scale) | 287 (2002) | 286 (2005) | NS |
High school academic coursetaking | |||
High school graduates who completed advanced coursework in | |||
Mathematics | 45% (2000) | 49% (2005) | |
Science | 63% (2000) | 63% (2005) | NS |
English | 34% (2000) | 31% (2005) | NS |
Foreign language | 30% (2000) | 33% (2005) | |
High school completion | |||
Young adults ages 18–24 who have completed high school | 88% (2006) | 89% (2007) | |
Youth neither enrolled in school*** nor working | |||
Youth ages 16–19 who are neither enrolled in school nor working | 8% (2007) | 8% (2008) | NS |
College enrollment | |||
Recent high school completers enrolled in college the October immediately after completing high school | 66% (2006) | 67% (2007) | NS |
Health | |||
Preterm birth and low birthweight | |||
Infants less than 37 weeks of gestation at birth | 12.8% (2006) | 12.7% (2007) | |
Infants weighing less than 5 lb. 8 oz. at birth | 8.3% (2006) | 8.2% (2007) | |
Infant mortality | |||
Deaths before first birthday | 6.9 per 1,000 (2005) | 6.7 per 1,000 (2006) | |
Emotional and behavioral difficulties | |||
Children ages 4–17 reported by a parent to have serious difficulties with emotions, concentration, behavior, or getting along with other people | 5% (2006) | 5% (2007) | NS |
Adolescent depression | |||
Youth ages 12–17 with past year Major Depressive Episode | 8% (2006) | 8% (2007) | NS |
Activity limitation | |||
Children ages 5–17 with activity limitation resulting from one or more chronic health conditions | 9% (2006) | 8% (2007) | NS |
Diet quality | |||
Average diet scores for children ages 2–17 | Summary statistics excluded due to lack of comparability of data across the previous and most recent years. Please refer to the indicator text for more details. | ||
Overweight | |||
Children ages 6–17 who are overweight | 18% (2003–2004) | 17% (2005–2006) | NS |
Asthma | |||
Children ages 0–17 who currently have asthma | 9% (2006) | 9% (2007) | NS |
— Not available N/A – Not applicable NS – No statistically significant change –Statistically significant increase – Statistically significant decrease |
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* Population estimates are not sample derived and therefore not subject to statistical testing. Change between years identifies differences in the proportionate size of these estimates as rounded. Percentages may not sum to 100 due to rounding. | |||
** Percentage is not shown because sample is too small to provide a statistically reliable estimate. | |||
*** School refers to both high school and college. |