This NIJ Research in Brief (NCJ 184894) updates the results of a longitudinal study that compared the arrest records of abused and/or neglected children with arrest records of children who were not abused or maltreated. Initial results were gathered in 1988, when the average age of subjects was 26 years, and showed that childhood abuse and neglect increased the odds of future delinquency and adult criminality by 29 percent. Data on the same subjects 6 years later showed increases of 59 percent for arrest as a juvenile, 28 percent for arrest as an adult, and 30 percent for arrest for a violent crime. Findings are detailed by gender, age, race, type of arrest, type of abuse, and juvenile record.