United States Army Criminal Investigation Command

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United States Army Criminal Investigation Command
Abbreviation CID
USA - CID Crest.png
Unit DUI
CID seal.gif
United States Army Criminal Investigation Command seal
USA - Army CID Badge.png
CID Special Agent badge
Motto Do what has to be done
Agency overview
Formed 17 September, 1971
Employees 2,000
Legal personality Governmental: Government agency
Jurisdictional structure
Federal agency United States
General nature
Operational structure
Headquarters Marine Corps Base, Quantico
Special Agents 900
Agency executive Colleen L. McGuire, Brigadier General
CID Commands
Website
http://www.cid.army.mil

The United States Army Criminal Investigation Command (USACIDC, often abbreviated as just CID) is a federal law enforcement agency that investigates serious crimes and violations of civilian and military law within the United States Army. CID Special Agents operate as an independent federal agents within the Department of the Army to investigate felony crimes. Similarly, a U.S. Army Counterintelligence Special Agent is also a federal agent while on mission investigating national security crimes such as treason, espionage, subversion, and sabotage (at the direction of foreign intelligence or terrorists). In other branches of the military, these two types of federal agencies are combined (NCIS for the Navy, and OSI for the Air Force); however, given the large size of the U.S. Army, as well as other logistical concerns, the Army opted to keep these two separate, even though joint CID/CI investigations do happen periodically. The Commanding General, USACIDC, is dual-hatted as the Provost Marshal General and is supervised by the Chief of Staff of the Army.

CID agents of the Marine Corps have a much more limited scope than their Army counterparts as they have only a single criminal investigation mission. In 1999, NCIS and the Marine Corps Criminal Investigation Division (CID) signed a memorandum of understanding calling for an integration of Marine Corps CID into NCIS (USMC CID continues to exist to investigate misdemeanors and felonies and other criminal offenses not under NCIS investigative jurisdiction).

Headquartered at Marine Corps Base, Quantico, Virginia, USACIDC was established as a major Army command in 1971. Worldwide, the organization has slightly fewer than 3,000 soldiers and civilians, of whom approximately 900 are Special Agents.

The initialism "USACIDC" is used to refer to the Army command itself, while criminal investigation personnel and operations are commonly referred to using the shortened initialism "CID", which has its history in the original Criminal Investigation Division formed during World War I and is still retained today for continuity purposes.

Contents

[edit] History

During World War I, General John J. Pershing ordered the creation of a separate organization within the Military Police Corps to prevent and detect crime among the American Expeditionary Force in France. The newly created Criminal Investigation Division (CID) was headed by a division chief who served as the advisor to the Provost Marshal General on all matters relating to criminal investigations. However, operational control of CID still remained with individual provost marshals, and there was no central control of investigative efforts within the organization, resulting in limitations. At the end of the war, the United States Army was reduced in size during the transition to peacetime and the size of CID shrank dramatically.

With the onset of World War II in December 1941, the armed forces rapidly swelled in size and the Army once again became a force of millions, and the need for a self-policing law enforcement system rematerialized. However, by early 1942, investigations of crimes committed by military personnel were still considered to be a "command function" to be conducted by local military police personnel. The Office of The Provost Marshal General felt that the agents in the Investigations Department were not properly trained for criminal investigations, the only investigations taking place at the time being personnel security background investigations for individuals being considered for employment in defense industries. As the Army had expanded, the crime rate had risen, and local commanders did not have the personnel or resources to conduct adequate investigations. By December 1943, the Provost Marshal General was charged with providing staff supervision over all criminal investigations, and a month later in January 1944, the Criminal Investigation Division was reestablished under the Provost Marshal General's Office. The organization exercised supervision over criminal investigation activities, coordinated investigations between commands, dictated plans and policies, and set standards for criminal investigators.

After the war, the CID was once again decentralized, with control of criminal investigations transferred to area commands in the 1950s and further down to the installation level in the 1960s. A Department of Defense study in 1964 entitled Project Security Shield made clear that complete recentralization of the Army's criminal investigative effort was needed in order to produce a more efficient and responsive worldwide capability. Beginning in 1965, criminal investigative elements were reorganized into CID groups corresponding to geographical areas in the United States. In 1966, the concept was introduced to units in Europe and the Far East. However, this arrangement did not fully resolve all the coordination problems, and in 1969, the U.S. Army Criminal Investigation Agency was established to supervise all CID operations worldwide.

As the agency did not have command authority, in March 1971, Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird directed the Secretary of the Army to form a CID command with command and control authority over all Army-wide CID assets. On 17 September 1971, the United States Army Criminal Investigation Command was established as a major Army command, vested with command and control of all CID activities and resources worldwide.

[edit] Selection and training

Military Special Agent candidates must be currently serving in the active Army, National Guard or Army Reserve. To qualify, candidates must be enlisted soldiers who are US citizens, at least 21 years of age and a maximum grade of SGT E-6 (non-promotable). Candidates must have served at least two years of military service (not more than 12 years), at least one year of military police experience or two years of civilian law enforcement experience and a minimum of 60 college credit hours (waiverable). Other requirements include (but are not limited to) credit checks, physical fitness requirements, normal color vision, the ability to obtain a Top Secret clearance, a drivers license and no history of mental or emotional disorders. Some requirements may be waived.[1]

To qualify for Warrant Officer positions, candidates must be at least an E-5 SGT, currently serving as a Special Agent, with 2 years of investigative experience with CID, have a Top Secret clearance and a Bachelors degree (waiverable). Candidates must have also demonstrated leadership potential, management abilities and good communication skills.[1]

CID does not employ Commissioned Officers as Special Agents. CID Battalions and Brigades (Groups) are commanded by Commissioned Officers from the Military Police Corps. These officers do not supervise the conduct of criminal investigations. Criminal investigations conducted by field Special Agents are supervised by senior Warrant Officer Special Agents.

Military Special Agent candidates initially receive training at the US Army Military Police School (USAMPS) at Fort Leonard Wood, MO where they attend the Apprentice CID Special Agent course.[2][3] Later, agents may return to USAMPS to attend specialized training in Advanced Fraud Investigations, Child Abuse Prevention and Investigative Techniques, Crisis/Hostage Negotiations, Combating Terrorism on Military Installations, Protective Service Training as well as other subjects.[2][3]

[edit] Mission

CID at a crime scene

The primary mission of the CID, according to the organization's website,[4] is to:

Additionally, CID may perform the following special missions:

[edit] Organization

US Army CID Headquarters, Marine Corps Base, Quantico.

In addition to United States Army Criminal Investigation Command headquarters at MCB Quantico, Virginia, CID commands six major subordinate organizations:

[edit] Uniform

Full color shoulder sleeve insignia
Subdued shoulder sleeve insignia

As criminal investigators, CID Special Agents typically dress in professional suits, business/casual attire, or comfortable clothing when appropriate for their daily investigative responsibilities. Due to the nature of their work, undercover assignments dictate further variations of attire to support specific undercover mission requirements.

When deployed to certain combat environments, and during other special times and circumstances, CID agents wear Army Combat Uniforms, replacing rank insignia with subdued versions of officer "U.S." collar brass and sometimes wearing "CID" brassards on their upper left arms.

Military CID agents continue to be soldiers of the Military Police Corps. For official photographs, and certain duty assignments, they wear the uniforms, rank and insignia of any other MP soldier of their respective ranks. The design of the shoulder sleeve insignia has the central star and the lines of latitude and longitude suggesting a globe. Together with the arrowheads, they mark the points of a compass, symbolizing the basic worldwide mission of the command: To perform and exercise centralized command authority, direction and control of Army criminal investigation activities worldwide. Red, white, and blue are the national colors. The CID distinctive unit insignia has a central star symbolizing centralized command. The grid lines allude to the latitude lines of the globe, thus referring to the worldwide activities of the organization. The grid lines also suggest a stylized web, with eight sides representing the original eight geographical regions of the command. The web, a symbol of criminal apprehension, is the result of methodical construction alluding to the scientific methods of criminal investigations. The outer points of the star further symbolize far-reaching authority. Red, white, and blue, are the national colors and gold is symbolic of achievement.[6]

[edit] Firearms

CID agents are issued the 9mm SIG Sauer P228 sidearm, designated "M11". For combat environments, agents are also issued the M4 carbine,[7][8] a short, lighter version of the M16 rifle.

[edit] See also

United States portal
Law enforcement/Law enforcement topics portal

Federal law enforcement

JAG Corps

Military Criminal Investigative Organizations

Other

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b "Join CID". USACIDC. http://www.cid.army.mil/join_CID.html. Retrieved 3 August 20091. 
  2. ^ a b "Special Agent Training". USACIDC. http://www.cid.army.mil/agent_training.html. Retrieved 3 August 20091. 
  3. ^ a b "Bravo Company 701st MP BN". USAMPS. http://www.wood.army.mil/usamps/14thMPBde/701stMPBn/Bcompany/Bravo_Company_Functional_Courses.htm. Retrieved 3 August 20091. 
  4. ^ "Cid.army.mil". Cid.army.mil. http://www.cid.army.mil/mission.html. Retrieved 21 May 2011. 
  5. ^ "Cid.army.mil". Cid.army.mil. http://www.cid.army.mil/units_foreign.html. Retrieved 21 May 2011. 
  6. ^ "Cid.army.mil". Cid.army.mil. 17 September 1971. http://www.cid.army.mil/faqs.html#faq25. Retrieved 21 May 2011. 
  7. ^ Miklos, Timothy (April 2006). "History in the Making". US Army MP Bulletin. http://www.wood.army.mil/MPBULLETIN/pdfs/April%2006/Miklos.pdf. Retrieved 5 July 2009. 
  8. ^ "Military Police Detachment (CID) TOE". U.S. Army. http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/army/unit/toe/19483L000.htm. Retrieved 5 July 2009. 
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Army_Criminal_Investigation_Command"
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