COUNTERMEASURE
Objective:
To prevent accidents by trying to anticipate hazardous situations and adjusting
driver behavior to compensate.
Description:
The
defensive driver tries to recognize potentially hazardous situations
sufficiently in advance to allow time to safely maneuver past them. The
defensive driver assumes that other drivers may make mistakes and is on guard in
the event an error is made. The defensive driver searches ahead of what is
immediately in front, to have advance warning of approaching hazards.
Questions for
Management:
-
Do you periodically
have a qualified person ride along with the drivers to evaluate their
defensive driving habits ?
-
Do the drivers
understand how they should be driving to be defensive drivers ?
-
Do divers recognize
that common situations such as crossing intersections, entering expressways
and stopping can be hazardous ?
-
What does the company
do to encourage defensive driving ?
-
Have the drivers been
trained in regard to defensive driving ?
-
Are the drivers aware
of the concept of "preventable accident" ?
-
Does the company have
an accident review program for classifying preventable and non-preventable
accidents ?
-
Has the company defined
a standard for judging safe driving performance for its drivers ?
Driving Tips:
-
Learn to recognize
driving situations that can be hazardous.
-
Assume other drivers
will make errors.
-
Adjust speed, position,
direction and attention to be able to maneuver safely if a hazard develops.
-
Scan far enough ahead
to be able to react safely to approaching situations.
-
Scan frequently to the
side and rear for passing or approaching vehicles.
-
Scan thoroughly before
changing speed or direction.
References:
FMCSR Part 383.110; 383.111; 383.113. M1; M2; D1.
RIGHT-OF-WAY B2
COUNTERMEASURE
Objective:
To prevent accidents by drivers giving "right-of-way" until it is
apparent that right-of-way is being given by the other driver.
Description:
Generally the driver who arrives last gives right-of-way to those who were
already there. You give right-of-way when entering traffic. You give
right-of-way when turning left in front of approaching traffic. You give
right-of-way when changing lanes. You move into your intended path or direction
only after you are assured you will not conflict with other traffic.
Questions for
Management:
-
Do your drivers
understand the meaning of right-of-way ?
-
Do you periodically
have a qualified person ride with your drivers to evaluate their behavior in
right-of-way situations ?
-
Do you have a realistic
scheduling policy which does not encourage drivers to take right-of-way
rather than give it ?
-
Are the drivers aware
of the concept of "preventable accident" ?
Driving Tips:
-
Do not force other
drivers to brake or steer because of your obstructive maneuver into their
path.
-
Assume other drivers
will not see you and avoid you when you maneuver into their path.
-
Move into your intended
path or direction only after you are assured you will not conflict with
other traffic:
References:
FMCSR Part 383.110; 383.111; 383.113. D1.
START-UP/BACK-UP
B3
COUNTERMEASURE
Objective:
To prevent start-up/back-up accidents by anticipating the hazards involved and
knowing how to safely control them.
Description:
During
a typical start-up/back-up situation, a vehicle has been parked for a long
enough time to allow pedestrians and other vehicles to approach and rest within
a few feet of the parked vehicle. Starting up forward, backward, or steering
left or right from a stopped position can create an unexpected hazard for both
the driver and bystanders.
Questions for
Management:
-
Are drivers aware of
different types of hazards that may arise during start-up/back-up ?
-
Do drivers take time to
walk around their vehicles and look under vehicles checking for people,
vehicles, or other objects which may obstruct their start-up/back-up path ?
-
What do you do to
encourage drivers to make a walk-around check ?
-
Are vehicles provided
with adequate mirrors ?
Maintenance
Checks:
-
Check for proper mirror
adjustment.
-
Check for broken
mirrors and loose mountings.
-
Check for proper tail
light, brake light, and turn signal function.
-
Check for proper
function of horn and back-up warning signal (if so equipped).
Driving Tips:
-
Before start-up or
back-up, walk around vehicle and look underneath to ensure you have safe
clearance for start-up.
-
Don't forget to check
blind area on right and in front as well.
-
After your walk-around
check, don't delay in moving vehicle. Do not allow time for another hazard
to approach.
-
Check mirrors for
proper adjustment frequently.
-
Start up slowly at
first to allow other vehicles and pedestrians, who may have unexpectedly
approached, to safely move away.
-
Tap horn in congested
areas or recruit a signalman.
References:
FMCSR Part 383.111; 383.113; Appendix to Subpart G. D1.
NEGOTIATING CURVES
B4
COUNTERMEASURE
Objective:
To prevent rollover accidents by clear understanding of how and why rollovers
occur and how to judge safe speed approaching and negotiating curves.
Description:
When
negotiating a curve at an excessive speed, commercial motor vehicles will roll
over. Automobiles will lose traction and slide out of a curve instead of rolling
over. The more top-heavy a vehicle is, the more likely it will roll over than
slide out of a curve. During a tractor-trailer rollover, the trailer usually
begins to roll before the tractor. By the time the driver realizes that the
trailer is rolling, there is not much that can be done to prevent a complete
rollover.
Questions for
Management:
-
Do drivers know that
the posted advisory speed on curves is for automobiles, not commercial
vehicles ?
-
Do your drivers know
that commercial motor vehicles generally cannot negotiate curves at as high
a speed as automobiles without the possibility of rolling over ?
-
Do your drivers know
what conditions make rollover more likely ?
Driving Tips:
-
Ensure that cargo loads
are secured to prevent moving from side to side.
-
Remember that top-heavy
cargo will cause commercial vehicles to roll over in curves at speeds lower
than those loaded with flat compact cargo.
-
Reduce speed before
entering curve. If you enter curves too fast, you may not have enough time
to slow down before rolling over.
-
Maintaining speeds at
curve advisory may not be slow enough to prevent rollover of commercial
vehicles.
-
Since trailers usually
begin to roll first, you may not know you are rolling over until it is too
late.
-
Slow down before you
get into the curve.
-
Stay off the shoulder
in curves. Your right or left side wheels may drop or sink down into a
shoulder and increase your chance of rollover.
-
Slow down substantially
for unfamiliar curves.
Maintenance
Checks:
-
Adequate fifth wheel
lubrication.
References:
FMCSR Part 383.111; 383.113. D1.
PASSING B5
COUNTERMEASURE
Objective:
To
prevent accidents during passing by anticipating the hazards involved and
knowing how to safely avoid them.
Description:
Safe
passing maneuvers require well developed skills and judgment. Passing tasks
include checking sight distance ahead, checking mirrors for rear traffic,
checking for traffic passing you, estimating speed and position of approaching
vehicles; estimating time you need to safely pass, accelerating, steering,
checking for traffic entering from side roads, etc. Because the driver must
perform several tasks in a short time during passing, the chance of an error is
high, unless the maneuver is done cautiously. Because it sometimes takes a long
time before an opportunity to pass safely arises, some drivers take risks and
assume other drivers will compensate for their own aggressiveness.
Questions for
Management:
-
Have your drivers ever
been trained to perform safe passing maneuvers ? How ? When ? By whom ? To
what standard of performance ?
-
Do you know if your
drivers are practicing safe passing maneuvers ?
-
Do you periodically
have qualified personnel ride with your drivers to assess their driving
habits?
-
Do you have a
step-by-step procedure for safely completing a pass ?
Maintenance
Checks:
-
Broken mirrors and
loose mountings.
-
Tail light, brake light
and turn signal function.
Driving Tips:
-
Before you pass, check
to be certain no one is passing you.
-
Assume the driver in
front of you doesn't know you are passing. That driver may pull to the left
to pass a vehicle in front or make a left turn.
-
While you are passing,
watch carefully for vehicles that may be entering the roadway from side
roads or driveways.
-
Assume vehicles
approaching from the opposite direction will not see you or slow down for
you to complete your passing maneuver.
-
Watch out for vehicles
passing other vehicles from the opposite direction.
-
If the vehicle you are
trying to pass speeds up, let it go. Don't get into a dangerous race.
-
Don't take risks. If in
doubt, don't pass.
-
Signal your intentions
to pass.
References:
FMCSR Part 383.111; 383.113. D1.
TURNING LEFT AND
RIGHT B6
COUNTERMEASURE
Objective:
To prevent turning accidents by anticipating the hazards involved and knowing
how to safely avoid them.
Description:
Making
left or right turns with long vehicles creates problems that automobile drivers
do not have. Blind spots make it difficult to see other vehicles. Vehicle length
forces drivers to make wide turns, encroaching upon adjacent lanes of traffic.
Improper tracking of vehicles makes it difficult for the driver to judge
position. Turning takes longer to complete, thus increasing exposure time to
hazards. Drivers should recognize the hazards created while turning and follow
proper procedures to minimize them.
Questions for
Management:
-
Have your drivers been
trained regarding safe turning procedures ? How ? When ?
-
By whom ? To what
standard of performance ?
-
Do you know if your
drivers are practicing safe turning procedures ?
-
Do you ever have
qualified personnel ride with your drivers to assess safe driving habits ?
-
Have you examined
routes used to minimize travel and turning at difficult or hazardous
intersections?
-
Have you considered
attaching "Wide Right Turn" decal on rear of vehicles ?
Maintenance
Checks:
-
Broken mirrors, loose
mountings, and mirror adjustment.
-
Tail light, brake light
and turn signal function.
Driving Tips:
Right turns:
-
Move to the right lane
well in advance of intersection, positioned to make a safe turn.
-
When turning, keep rear
of vehicle to the right, blocking other vehicles from passing on the right.
-
If encroaching upon
other lanes, wait for other vehicles to clear and then turn slowly.
-
Be careful that
improper tracking does not cause the vehicle or trailer to ride up onto curb
or strike stationary objects.
Left turns:
-
As you approach turn
with signal on, watch for drivers who may misinterpret this signal as an
-
intention to turn
somewhere before your intended turning point.
-
Don't start turning
until there is enough time for the rear of vehicle to clear the intersection
without forcing opposing drivers to slow down or swerve.
-
Don't assume opposing
drivers will see you. They may be looking elsewhere.
-
Be careful that
improper tracking does not cause the vehicle or trailer to interfere with
pedestrians and other vehicles.
References:
FMCSR Part 383.111; 383.113; Appendix to Subpart G. M1; M2; C2; D1.
CROSSING
INTERSECTIONS B7
COUNTERMEASURE
Objective:
To prevent intersection accidents by anticipating the hazards involved and
knowing how to safely avoid them.
Description:
Crossing
intersections with long vehicles presents problems that automobile drivers do
not have. Because of their length and their slow acceleration, trucks and buses
take much more time to cross and clear intersecting roads than do automobiles.
Also, at night, the sides of long vehicles may not be conspicuous to approaching
drivers. Drivers of large vehicles must recognize these problems and take
special care when crossing intersections, particularly when they are
uncontrolled intersections.
Questions for
Management:
-
Have your drivers ever
been trained regarding safe procedures when crossing intersecting roads ?
-
How ? When ? By whom ?
To what standard of performance ?
-
Do you know if your
drivers are practicing safe road crossing procedures ?
-
Do you ever have
qualified personnel ride with your drivers to assess safe driving habits ?
-
Do you have a
step-by-step procedure for approaching, entering, and traversing
intersections ?
Maintenance
Checks:
-
Side marker lights on
tractor, trailer and buses.
-
Cleanliness of sides of
vehicles.
-
Reflectors and/or
reflective tape on sides of vehicles.
Driving Tips:
-
Approach intersection
assuming that cross traffic may not obey traffic control and anticipate the
need for avoidance.
-
When crossing an
uncontrolled intersection, allow enough time to clear entire road with rear
of vehicle without interfering with cross traffic. Don't count on cross
traffic slowing down to let you pass. They may not see you.
-
Crossing uncontrolled
intersections at night with large vehicles is especially hazardous. Although
approaching drivers may see your headlights from the side, they may not
realize you have a long trailer following.
-
Keep sides of vehicle
clean and keep side marker light operational. Be very careful with
dark-colored unloaded flatbed trailers.
References:
FMCSR Part 383.111; 383.113; Appendix to Subpart G. D1.
USING AND CHANGING
LANES B8
COUNTERMEASURE
Objective:
To prevent accidents during lane use and lane changing by recognizing the
potential hazards and knowing how to safely control them.
Description:
Lane
use and lane changing accidents primarily result from following too closely or
being inattentive to traffic conditions ahead. In either case, defensive driving
is the most effective countermeasure. Lane use and lane changing accidents
primarily involve sideswiping and rear-end collisions. The existence of blind
spots around large vehicles is a major contributing factor. Maintain a proper
following distance and take note of countermeasures involving right-of-way.
Questions for
Management:
-
Have your drivers been
trained regarding safe lane usage and lane changing ? How ? When ?
-
By whom ? To what
standard of performance ?
-
Do you know if your
drivers are practicing safe lane usage and lane changing habits ?
-
Do you ever have
qualified personnel ride with your drivers to assess safe driving habits ?
-
Do you and your drivers
know that most lane use and lane changing accidents result from following
too closely ?
Maintenance
Checks:
-
Broken mirrors and
loose mountings.
-
Brake lights and turn
signals.
-
Brake performance.
Driving Tips:
-
The most important rule
in lane usage is to maintain a safe following distance. Use any method you
feel comfortable with. Just try to ensure that if the driver in front of you
slams on his brakes, you can avoid a collision, stay in your lane and not be
hit by the vehicle following you all at the same time.
-
Try to scan ahead of
what is immediately in front of you.
-
If you see trouble
ahead, flash your brake lights to alert drivers following you.
-
If you cannot see ahead
of the vehicle you are following, increase your following distance.
-
It might swerve into
the next lane to avoid a slow or stopped vehicle and leave you exposed to a
rear-end collision.
-
Blind spots to the
right of large vehicles are well known. However, automobile drivers may not
know you cannot see them as they pass you on the right. Scan to the right
thoroughly before steering into the next lane. Give right-of-way, don't take
it.
-
Clean mirrors and check
adjustment frequently.
References:
FMCSR Part 383.111; 383.113; Appendix to Subpart G; 392.15. D1.
PARKING B9
COUNTERMEASURE
Objective:
To prevent accidents when parked, by anticipating the hazards involved and
knowing how to safely avoid them.
Description:
Parking
on or partially on a travel lane creates a hazard. This is especially true at
night. On congested metropolitan streets, drivers expect to see parked vehicles
in their lane and are usually ready to react and avoid them. On rural and
high-speed roads, drivers do not expect to see vehicles parked in their lane.
Their attention level may be lower and they may not be able to react quickly
enough to avoid a collision.
Questions for
Management:
-
Have your drivers ever
been trained regarding safe parking procedures ? How ? When ? By whom ?
-
Do you know if your
drivers are practicing safe parking procedures ?
-
Do you ever have
qualified personnel ride with your drivers to assess safe driving habits ?
-
Are your vehicles
equipped with required emergency warning devices ?
-
Do drivers know how to
set up triangles ?
-
Do drivers know where
to place triangles ?
-
Does the entrance to
your terminal provide sufficient space to park off the roadway ?
Maintenance
Checks:
-
Clean vehicle.
Especially rear.
-
Tail light and flasher
operation.
-
Emergency reflective
triangles and/or flares stored in vehicle.
-
Battery condition.
Driving Tips:
-
Always try to park your
vehicle off the road altogether. Even leaving a small portion of your
vehicle on the travel lane creates a serious hazard.
-
If you pull off onto
the shoulder, turn on your flashers day or night. At night, drowsy drivers
who see only tail lights on your vehicle may follow you onto the shoulder
thinking you are still moving.
-
If a sudden breakdown
or other emergency forces you to park on a travel lane, turn on your
flashers immediately. Then set up reflective triangles at the proper
distances immediately. If you have a CB, call for help. At night, this is an
especially hazardous situation for both you and other drivers, be extremely
careful.
References:
FMCSR Part 392.20; 392.21; 392.22; 392.31. D1.
NEGOTIATING
DOWNGRADES B10
COUNTERMEASURE
Objective:
To prevent loss of control accidents on downgrades by proper brake system
maintenance and by developing the skills and knowledge needed to safely
negotiate a downgrade.
Description:
The
main reason for loss of control on downgrades is brake failure, and the main
reason for this is the use of improper control techniques by the driver. The
brake system may be damaged or maladjusted and may not have sufficient capacity
for downgrade control. Primary countermeasures for preventing a runaway are:
adequate driver skills; frequent checks on brake operation; adequate preventive
maintenance.
Questions for
Management:
-
Have drivers been
trained to properly control their vehicles on downgrades ? How ? When ? By
whom ?
-
Do drivers know how to
select proper gearing for downgrade descents ?
-
Do drivers know how to
check the condition of braking systems ?
-
How often does the
maintenance crew inspect and adjust brake systems ? Is this frequent enough?
-
If vehicles are
equipped with brake application pressure gauges, do drivers know how to use
them ?
Maintenance
Checks:
-
Frequent brake
inspection and adjustment. Inspect and adjust brakes more frequently for
vehicles used in mountainous terrain. For cross-country trips, check after
every trip.
-
Don't wait for slack
adjustor stroke to exceed maximum permissible. Adjust to minimum acceptable
stroke whenever convenient.
-
Make every effort to
replace aged brake lines and diaphragms before they fail.
Driving Tips:
-
The gear to select for
descending a grade should be no higher than that required for ascending the
same grade. Some vehicles may require lower gears going down than going up.
Know your vehicle.
-
Don't use more than
light (10 psi) brake pressure to retard speed. If speed cannot be controlled
with light pressure, use a lower gear ratio.
-
Don't use hand lever to
apply only trailer brakes. You could overheat trailer brakes and not have
enough capacity in tractor to control speed adequately.
-
Stop, put truck in
proper gear and check brake function before descending long, steep grades.
References:
FMCSR Part 383.111; 383.113; 396. D1.
DRIVING IN ADVERSE
CONDITIONS B11
COUNTERMEASURE
Objective:
To prevent accidents by developing the driver skills and judgement necessary to
operate vehicle safely during adverse traction and visibility conditions.
Description:
Failure to adjust to adverse conditions is a major factor in accident causation.
The adverse conditions most frequently encountered cause reduced traction and
reduced visibility. Reduced traction conditions include rain, snow, ice, slush
and gravel. Reduced visibility conditions include twilight, darkness, rain, snow
and fog. Drivers should not only develop the skills and judgment necessary to
keep their own vehicle safely under control, they should also try to anticipate
and be prepared to compensate for errors other drivers make during such poor
driving conditions.
Questions for
Management:
-
Does the driver know
how to judge safe speed on slippery surfaces ?
-
Does the driver know
what causes jackknifing and how to prevent it ?
-
Have drivers ever been
trained to safely maneuver on slippery surfaces ? How ? When ? By whom?
-
Is there a safe
off-road area available to drivers for practicing vehicle handling on
slippery surfaces?
-
How do trip schedules
take into account the effect of inclement weather ?
-
Should tire chains be
used in severe weather conditions ?
Maintenance
Checks:
-
Tire tread wear and
tire pressure. Availability of tire chains when needed.
-
Windshield wiper and
washer condition. Mirror system.
-
Proper functioning of
all lighting circuits, Headlight beam aim. including emergency flashers.
Driving Tips:
Reduced traction
conditions:
-
Increase following
distance enough to avoid a rear-end collision if other driver brakes hard.
-
Use moderation in
judging safe speed. To maintain a safe stopping distance, slow down, but not
so much that you become a hazard to drivers behind.
-
Apply brakes gently and
steer without jerky movements.
-
Beware when running
empty or bobtailing. Lightly loaded wheels lock up easily during braking and
this induces jackknifing.
-
Beware of travelling
too slowly on slick, banked curves. The vehicle might slide sideways into
opposing traffic or off the road.
Reduced visibility
conditions:
-
Use moderation in
judging safe speed. To maintain a safe stopping distance during reduced
visibility, slow down, but not so much that you become a hazard to drivers
behind. Keep vehicle clean, especially headlights, windshield, tail lights.
Use emergency flashers in extreme conditions.
-
Be prepared to get off
road and wait for conditions to improve if necessary.
References:
FMCSR Part 392.14, Part 383 Subpart G. D1.
EMERGENCY
EQUIPMENT AND PROCEDURES B12
COUNTERMEASURE
Objective:
To prevent accidents during emergency situations by anticipating the hazards
involved, knowing how to avoid them safely and using available emergency
equipment.
Description:
Emergency situations include stalling in a travel lane, stopping for an accident
in your path, engine compartment fire, wheel fire, burned-out light bulbs, blown
fuse in lighting circuit, etc. Having emergency equipment available in your
vehicle and knowing how to use it will greatly assist you in avoiding hazards
that arise in these types of situations.
Questions for
Management:
-
Have your drivers ever
been trained regarding emergency equipment requirements and emergency
procedures ? How ? When ? By whom ?
-
Are all your vehicles
equipped with the required emergency equipment ?
-
Have you ever
questioned your drivers about how to place reflective triangles or how to
use the fire extinguisher or what to do if their vehicle suddenly stalls on
the roadway ?
-
Are your vehicles
conspicuous enough when emergency equipment is used ?
Maintenance
Checks:
-
Emergency flashers -
tractor and trailer
-
Spare electrical fuses
(if fuses are used)
-
Reflective triangles
-
Fire extinguisher
-
Fusees
Driving Tips:
-
If you stall while
driving, turn on emergency flashers immediately and try to coast off to
shoulder if safe to do so.
-
If you stall and stop
on roadway, turn on emergency flashers immediately. Then set up reflective
triangles. If you have a CB radio, call for help. At night, this is a very
hazardous situation for both you and other drivers, so be extremely careful.
-
Controlling and
extinguishing fires safely requires special knowledge. If you don't know how
to handle a fire emergency, you can easily make the situation worse and
injure or kill yourself as well.
-
Select a good reference
on vehicle fire control and study it well. Since you will seldom encounter a
fire, it is easy to forget what to do. Refresh your memory by reviewing
procedures frequently.
References:
FMCSR Part 392.8; 392.22; 392.25. D1.
PEDESTRIAN
INTERACTION B13
COUNTERMEASURE
Objective:
To prevent accidents involving pedestrians by anticipating hazards likely when
maneuvering close to pedestrians and knowing how to handle such situations
safely.
Description:
Most
pedestrian accidents occur when the pedestrian walks onto a roadway and into the
path of an approaching vehicle. Pedestrians often misjudge the speed and
closeness of a commercial motor vehicle. Pedestrians assume you can and will
slow down for them. Pedestrians think that because they can see you, you can see
them. These kinds of errors in judgement are why pedestrian accidents frequently
occur. Drivers should try to anticipate pedestrians making such errors and be
prepared to compensate.
Questions for
Management:
-
Have your drivers ever
been trained to maneuver safely near pedestrians ? How ? When ? By whom ?
-
Do you know if your
drivers maneuver around pedestrian traffic safely ?
-
Do you ever have
qualified personnel ride with your drivers to assess their safe driving
habits ?
Maintenance
Checks:
-
Broken mirrors - loose
mountings
-
Horn operation
-
Adequate indirect
vision devices
Driving Tips:
-
When maneuvering close
to pedestrians, anticipate that the pedestrian may do the unexpected.
-
Adjust your driving to
safely avoid a pedestrian who jumps out in front of you. It is difficult for
pedestrians to correctly judge how fast you are approaching. If you are
going faster than normal for the area, you may count on the pedestrian
judging there is time to cross when really there is not.
-
Pedestrians will often
assume that you see them and that you will slow down for them to complete
their crossing.
-
Don't assume they will
give you the right-of-way until it is obvious they are waiting for you to
pass.
-
At night especially,
pedestrians assume you can see them because they can see your headlights so
easily.
-
Be extra careful at
night in pedestrian areas. Remember improper trailer tracking in turns may
cause your trailer to run onto the sidewalk.
-
Turn wide enough to
avoid this and go very slowly.
-
Pedestrians all too
often walk or stand in the blind spots in front and to the right of your
vehicle.
-
Scan around vehicle
thoroughly when pedestrians are present.
References:
FMCSR Part 383 Subpart G. D1.
PASSENGER
MANAGEMENT B14
COUNTERMEASURE
Objective:
To prevent accidents and on-board injuries caused by unsafe passenger behavior.
Description:
Passengers can distract the driver. Passengers can physically interfere with the
driver. Passengers can restrict the driver's freedom to maneuver aggressively
for accident avoidance. Passengers can injure themselves by not sitting properly
in designated seating positions. Whatever the case, the driver must manage the
passengers to avoid such problems.
Questions for
Management:
-
Have drivers been
trained to manage passengers for safe transportation ? How ? When ? By whom
?
-
Do you know if your
drivers are practicing safe passenger management ?
-
Do you ever have
qualified personnel ride with your drivers as passengers so as to assess
their passenger management habits ?
-
Do vehicles comply with
applicable federal and state regulations regarding safe design and required
equipment ?
-
Do you require drivers
to make pre-trip announcements to passengers requiring their cooperation in
maintaining safe conduct ?
-
Do you inform customers
of the need to follow rules of conduct and to act safely when they charter a
bus ?
Driving Tips:
-
Do not drive if your
passengers are in an unstable position. You might feel restricted to
aggressively brake or steer to avoid an accident.
-
Do not drive if
standing passengers are close to you, as they may fall over you
unexpectedly, causing you to lose control.
-
Do make announcements
informing passengers of their responsibility to act safely.
-
If passengers refuse to
cooperate, stop the bus until you are satisfied that it is safe to continue
driving.
References:
FMCSR Part 392.60 - 392.65; 393.90.
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