| Japanese beetle regulations |
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| Introduction |
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The Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica) is a destructive pest known to feed on more than 400 species of plants, including a wide variety of trees, shrubs, grasses, and nursery plants. Japanese beetle (JB) was first detected in the United States in 1916 at a nursery in Riverton, New Jersey. The beetle was introduced from infected soil in imported plant material from Japan. It has since spread to 24 states, being easily transported in infested nursery stock. JB has also been detected in Oregon, on material being transported from eastern United States. Fortunately, the beetle has not become established in Oregon due to the successful eradication efforts of state officials. JB is native to China, Japan, and eastern Russia.
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| Regulations |
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To ensure that the beetle will not become established, the Oregon Department of Agriculture (ODA) instituted a quarantine against Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica, under Oregon Regulation Statutes (ORS) 603-052-0127 . Quarantine areas include the states of Alabama, Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, the District of Columbia, the Provinces of Ontario and Quebec, Canada, and any other state, territory or province where the presence of an established population of JB is confirmed and effective eradication procedures have not been implemented.
Commodities covered include all life stages of the JB, including eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults; and the following hosts or possible carriers of JB; soil, growing media, humus, compost, and manure (except when commercially packaged, and except soil samples under a federal compliance agreement); all plants with roots; grass sod; plant crowns or roots for propagation (except when free from soil and growing media; clumps of soil or growing media larger than 1/2 inch diameter will be cause for rejection); bulbs, corms, tubers, and rhizomes of ornamental plants (except when free from soil and growing media; clumps of soil or growing media larger than 1/2 inch diameter will be cause for rejection); and any other plant, plant part, article or means of conveyance when it is determined by the department to present a hazard of spreading live Japanese beetle due to either infestation, or exposure to infestation, by JB. All commodities covered are prohibited entry into Oregon from the area under quarantine unless they have the required certification.
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| Certification |
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Certification information
Plants may be shipped from the area under quarantine into Oregon provided such shipments conform to one of the certification options below and are accompanied by a certificate issued by an authorized state agricultural official at origin. Note that not all protocols in the U.S. domestic JB harmonization plan are acceptable for Oregon. Advance notification of regulated commodity shipment is required. The certifying official shall mail, FAX or e-mail a copy of the certificate to: Administrator, Plant Division, Oregon Department of Agriculture, 635 Capitol Street NE, Salem, Oregon 97310, PHONE: 503/986-4640, FAX: 503/986-4786, e-mail: quarantine@oda.state.or.us .
The shipper shall notify the receiver to hold such commodities for inspection by the ODA. The receiver must notify the ODA of the arrival of commodities imported under the provisions of this quarantine and must hold such commodities for inspection. Such certificates shall be issued only if the shipment conforms fully with items below:
- Bareroot Plants. Plants with roots are acceptable if they are bareroot, free from soil and growing media (clumps of soil or growing media larger than 1/2 inch diameter will be cause for rejection). The certificate accompanying the plants shall bear the following additional declaration: "Plants are bareroot, attached clumps of soil or growing media are less than 1/2 inch in diameter." Advance notification is required.
- Production in an Approved Japanese Beetle Free Greenhouse/Screenhouse. All the following criteria apply. All media must be sterilized and free of soil. All stock must be free of soil (bareroot) before planting into the approved medium. The potted plants must be maintained within the greenhouse/screenhouse during the entire adult flight period. During the adult flight period the greenhouse/screenhouse must be made secure so that adult Japanese beetles can not gain entry. Security will be documented by the appropriate phytosanitary official. No JB contaminated material shall be allowed into the secured area at any time. The greenhouse/screenhouse will be officially inspected by phytosanitary officials and must be specifically approved as a secure area. They shall be inspected by the same officials for the presence of all life stages of the JB. The plants and their growing medium must be appropriately protected from subsequent infestation while being stored, packed and shipped. Certified greenhouse/screenhouse nursery stock may not be transported into or through any infested areas unless identity is preserved and adequate safeguards are applied to prevent possible infestation. Each greenhouse/screenhouse operation must be approved by the phytosanitary officials as having met and maintained the above criteria. The certificate accompanying the plants shall bear the following additional declaration: "The rooted plants (or crowns) were produced in an approved JB free greenhouse or screenhouse and were grown in sterile, soilless media. " Advance notification is required (see section 4 above).
- Production During a Pest Free Window. The entire rooted plant production cycle will be completed within a pest free window, in clean containers with sterilized and soilless growing medium, i.e., planting, growth, harvest, and shipment will occur outside the adult JB flight period, June through September. The accompanying phytosanitary certificate shall bear the following additional declaration: "These plant were produced outside the JB flight season and were grown in sterile, soilless media." Advance notification required (see section 4 above).
- Application of Approved Regulatory Treatments. All treatments will be performed under direct supervision of a phytosanitary official or under compliance agreement. Treatments and procedures under a compliance agreement will be monitored closely throughout the season. State phytosanitary certificates listing and verifying the treatment used must be forwarded to Oregon via fax or electronic mail, as well as accompanying the shipment. Note that not all treatments approved in the U.S. Domestic JB Harmonization Plan are acceptable for Oregon. The phytosanitary certificate shall bear the following additional declaration: "The rooted plants are in soilless media and were treated to control Popillia japonica according to the criteria for shipment to category 1 states as provided in the U.S. Domestic JB Harmonization Plan and Oregon's Japanese beetle quarantine. " Advance notification required (see section 4 above). (A) Dip Treatment- B&B and Container Plants. Not approved. (B) Drench Treatments- Container Plants Only. Not approved for ornamental grasses or sedges. Potting media used must be sterile and soilless, containers must be clean. Containers must be one gallon or smaller in size. Field potted plants are not eligible for certification using this protocol. This is a prophylactic treatment protocol targeting eggs and early first instar larvae. If the containers are exposed to a second flight season they must be retreated. (i) Imidacloprid (Marathon 60WP). Apply one-half (0.5) gram of active ingredient per gallon as a prophylactic treatment just prior to Japanese beetle adult flight season (June 1, or as otherwise determined by the phytosanitary official). Apply tank mix as a drench to wet the entire surface of the potting media. A twenty-four (24) gallon tank mix should be enough to treat 120-140 one-gallon containers. Avoid over drenching so as not to waste active ingredient through leaching. During the adult flight season, plants must be retreated after sixteen (16) weeks if not shipped to assure adequate protection. (ii) Bifenthrin (Talstar Nursery Flowable 7.9%). Mix at the rate of twenty (20) ounces per 100 gallons of water. Apply, as a drench, approximately eight (8) ounces of tank mix per six (6) inches of container diameter. (C) Media (Granule) Incorporation- Container Plants Only. Containers must be one gallon or smaller in size. Not approved for ornamental grasses or sedges. All pesticides used for media incorporation must be mixed prior to potting and plants potted a minimum of thirty (30) days prior to shipment. Potting media used must be sterile and soilless; containers must be clean. The granules must be incorporated into the media prior to potting. Field potted plants are not eligible for treatment. This treatment protocol targets eggs and early first instar larvae and allows for certification of plants that have been exposed to only one flight season after application. If the containers are to be exposed to a second flight season they must be repotted with a granule incorporated mix or retreated using one of the approved drench treatments. Pesticides approved for media incorporation are:(i) Imidacloprid (Marathon 1 G). Mix at the rate of five (5) pounds per cubic yard.(ii) Bifenthrin (Talstar Nursery Granular or Talstar T&O Granular (0.2G)). Mix at the rate of 25 ppm or one-third (0.33) of a pound per cubic yard based on a potting media bulk density of 200.(iii) Tefluthrin (Fireban 1.5 G). Mix at the rate of 25 ppm based on a potting media bulk density of 400. (D) Methyl Bromide Fumigation- Nursery stock: methyl bromide fumigation at NAP, chamber or tarpaulin. See the California Commodity Treatment Manual for authorized schedules.
- Detection Survey for Origin Certification. JB Harmonization Plan protocol not approved. Alternative approved protocol: states listed in the area under quarantine may have counties that are not infested with JB. Shipments of commodities covered may be accepted from these noninfested counties if annual surveys are made in such counties and adjacent counties and the results of such surveys are negative for JB. In addition, the plants must be greenhouse grown in media that is sterilized and free of soil and the shipping nursery must grow all their own stock from seed, unrooted cuttings or bareroot material. A list of counties so approved will be maintained by the ODA. Agricultural officials from a quarantined state or province may recommend a noninfested county be placed on the approved county list by writing for such approval and stating how surveys were conducted giving the following information: (A) Areas surveyed; (B) How survey was carried out; (C) Number of traps; (D)Results of survey; (E) History of survey; If county was previously infested, give date of last infestation. If infestations occur in neighboring counties, approval may be denied. To be maintained on the approved list, each county must be reapproved every twelve (12) months. Shipments of commodities covered from noninfested counties will only be allowed entry into Oregon if the uninfested county has been placed on the approved list prior to the arrival of the shipment in Oregon. The certificate must have the following additional declaration: "The plants in this consignment were produced in sterile, soil less media in (name of county), state of (name of state of origin) that is known to be free of Japanese beetle. " Advance notification required (see section 4 above).
- Privately owned house plants obviously grown, or certified at the place of origin as having been grown indoors without exposure to Japanese beetle may be allowed entry into this state without meeting the requirements of section. Contact the ODA for requirements: Administrator, Plant Division, Oregon Department of Agriculture, 635 Capitol Street NE, Salem, Oregon 97301, telephone: 503/986-4644, FAX: 503/986-4786, e-mail: dhilburn@oda.state.or.us.
Exceptions. Upon written request, and upon investigation and finding that unusual circumstances exist justifying such action, the department may issue a permit allowing entry into this state of commodities covered without meeting the requirements of section (4). However, all conditions specified in the permit shall be met before such permit will be recognized.
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| Additional information |
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ODA offers additional information for the following Japanese beetle topics:
Japanese Beetle Profile
Japanese Beetle Survey
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