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Scale of Analysis |
Information Needed |
Technoques for Structure and Imaging |
Static Characterization Techniques |
Dynamic Characterization Techniques |
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Proteins |
Components Abundance Structure |
X-ray crystallography (angstrom) Raman spectroscopy (angstrom) Neutron crystallography (angstrom) X-ray spectroscopy (sub-angstrom) Electron microscopy (SEM, TEM, STEM, tomography) Electron crystallography |
Infrared spectroscopy Raman spectroscopy NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy Microsampling Microfluidics Fluorescence Scattering |
Infrared spectroscopy Raman spectroscopy NMR spectroscopy Microsampling Microfluidics Fluorescence Scattering |
Molecular Machines |
Components, active sites Function, role, interchangeability, stressed behavior |
X-ray crystallography, Raman spectroscopy, neutron scattering, |
Infrared spectroscopy Raman spectroscopy NMR spectroscopy Microsampling Sensors |
Pump-probe spectros. Microsampling Sensors Labels (quantum dots, organic fluorescence) Laue X-ray crystallography |
Cellular |
Components Active sites Function role Interchangeability Communication Stressed behavior |
X-ray microscopy Scanning probes Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) Atomic force microscopy (1.0 nm) Scanning near-field optical microscopy (NSOM or SNOM) Scanning tunneling microscopy Chemical force microscopy Electrostatic force microscopy Magnetic force microscopy Electron microscopy (SEM, TEM, STEM, tomography) Far-field vibrational imaging (>10 microns) Optical microscopy |
Mass spectrometry NMR spectroscopy Probes Raman spectroscopy Neutron spectroscopy Infrared spectroscopy SPM PH meter Microsampling Sensors Multi- and hyperspectral fluorescence Optical microscopy (one or multiphoton, scanning optical tomography; 200 nm in conventional mode; 5 nm in FRET/FLIM modes, FISH, CARS, SHM) |
Raman spectroscopy X-ray microscopy Scanning probes Mass spectroscopy NMR spectroscopy Probe spectroscopy Infrared spectroscopy SPM Microsampling Sensors Fluorescence Labels |
Communities In lab In field |
Components, active site, function, role, activators, interchangeability, stressed behavior How to communicate? |
Far-field vibrational imaging (>10 microns) Optical microscopy (one or multiphoton, scanning optical tomography) NMR imaging Light-scattering spectroscopy Ultrasound |
Infrared spectroscopy Raman spectoscopy NMR spectroscopy Microsampling Sensors |
Pump-probe spectroscopy Microsampling Stop-flow chromotography Sensors Labels |