Cell signaling is mostly studied in in vitro 2D-cell culture models that lack the complex in vivo environment provided by neighboring cells, soluble secreted factors and non-cellular matrix components. Given that many environmental factors control cell signaling, it comes as no surprise that in vitro observations often poorly correlate with in vivo observations. Recent developments in intravital imaging techniques have made it possible to visualize and study cell signaling in individual cells within living animals. Here, we review intravital imaging techniques based on fluorescence microscopy and give examples of how these techniques are being used to study cell signaling.
Shamim I. Ahmad
• A guide for diabetic patients to take care of their health
• Comprehensive in scope
• With numerous figures and tables
Diabetes is a complex disease and is also one of the most common. It is very difficult to reach an accurate estimate for the global prevalence of diabetes since the standards and methods of data collection vary widely in different parts of the world... continue reading
“Go to, let us go down, and there confound their language, that they may not understand one another's speech. …Therefore is the name of it called Babel; because the Lord did there confound the language of all the earth…”
Genesis 11:7,9
C. Yan Cheng
• Written by outstanding investigators in their fields
• Covers some of the more interesting aspects of research in blood‑tissue barriers
• Focuses on topics that are physiologically applicable to all blood‑tissue barriers
Lymphopenia (< 1Giga/L) detected before initiation of chemotherapy is a predictive factor for death in metastatic solid tumors. Combinatorial T cell repertoire (TCR) diversity was investigated and tested either alone or in combination with lymphopenia as a prognostic factor at diagnosis for overall survival (OS) in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients. The combinatorial TCR diversity was measured by semi quantitative multi-N-plex PCR on blood samples before the initiation of the first line chemotherapy in a development (n = 66) and validation (n = 67) MBC patient cohorts. A prognostic score, combining lymphocyte count and TCR diversity was evaluated. Univariate and multivariate... continue reading
Jamal A. Ibdah
Pregnancy is a very exciting time, but can be challenging to both the pregnant patient and the caring physician when complicated by a disorder, considering the impact on the health of both the mother and the fetus. This book provides a comprehensive and up-to- date review of liver disorders during pregnancy that will benefit both health care providers and researchers. Maternal Liver Disease represents a single source that contains detailed knowledge of clinical manifestations of maternal liver disorders, approach to diagnosis and management, clinical outcomes, as well as a detailed description of the latest scientific discoveries and research findings on pathogenesis of... continue reading
Objectives: Since 9/11, Incident Command System (ICS) and Emergency Operations Center (EOC) are relatively new concepts to public health, which typically operates using less hierarchical and more collaborative approaches to organizing staff. This paper describes the 2009 H1N1 influenza outbreak in San Diego County to explore the use of ICS and EOC in public health emergency response.
Methods: This study was conducted using critical case study methodology consisting of document review and 18 key-informant interviews with individuals who played key roles in planning and response. Thematic analysis was used to analyze data.
... continue reading
Rahul Jandial, Mike Y. Chen, Bihong T. Chen, Joseph Ciacci
• Comprehensive in scope
• Provides perspectives on the most promising approaches
• Written by experts in the field
Drug transporters are integral membrane proteins expressed by a variety of organs, including the liver, kidney, small intestine and testis, and they are generally known to mediate drug or xenobiotic transport into and out of cells. Previous studies have also reported the presence of several drug transporters at blood-tissue barriers where they are thought to protect organs from harmful agents. In this editorial, we briefly discuss and re-evaluate recent findings that show P-glycoprotein, an efflux pump, to function at the blood-testis barrier. We also put forth a mechanistic model, hoping this information will form a strong basis for future studies.
Proteases are the most abundant class of proteins produced by mast cells. Many of these are sto...
George H. Caughey