Table 18: AP+ and SafeTRAC Outcomes
Descriptive Comparisons of Changes in Unweighted Means or Standard Deviations
|
N |
No Feedback Mean |
Feedback Mean |
Difference Mean |
Difference SD |
Difference Min |
Difference Max |
Difference p-value |
Outcome variables |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PERCLOS during night hours mean |
9 |
7.58 |
6.52 |
-1.06 |
1.95 |
-4.45 |
1.51 |
0.140 |
SafeTRAC Driver's Alertness mean |
9 |
70.10 |
75.33 |
5.23 |
6.65 |
-8.52 |
14.36 |
0.046 |
Lateral distance standard deviation |
9 |
49.07 |
43.47 |
-5.60 |
12.00 |
-24.14 |
15.43 |
0.199 |
Steering wheel movements SD |
7 |
0.70 |
0.85 |
0.15 |
0.07 |
0.01 |
0.25 |
0.002 |
Front Wheel movements SD |
7 |
0.64 |
0.72 |
0.08 |
0.06 |
-0.04 |
0.15 |
0.014 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Technical variables |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Vehicle speed mean |
9 |
60.10 |
60.06 |
-0.05 |
0.56 |
-0.72 |
0.98 |
0.812 |
Engine rotation mean |
8 |
1503.1 |
1501.9 |
-1.2 |
14.5 |
-14.8 |
23.9 |
0.815 |
X acceleration mean |
6 |
0.012 |
0.022 |
0.010 |
0.026 |
-0.005 |
0.063 |
0.400 |
Y acceleration mean |
6 |
0.041 |
0.039 |
-0.002 |
0.010 |
-0.018 |
0.012 |
0.689 |
Ambient light mean |
9 |
14.25 |
11.15 |
-3.10 |
13.49 |
-25.44 |
16.67 |
0.510 |
Table 19: AP+ and SafeTRAC Outcomes
Mixed Model ANOVA Comparisons Based on Doubly-Weighted Means or SD's
|
N |
No Feedback Mean |
Feedback Mean |
Difference Mean |
Difference SE |
t-statistic |
Difference p-value |
Outcome variables |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PERCLOS during night hours mean |
9 |
6.65 |
5.98 |
-0.66 |
0.38 |
-1.72 |
0.123 |
SafeTRAC Driver's Alertness mean |
9 |
69.84 |
75.89 |
6.06 |
2.30 |
2.63 |
0.030 |
Lateral distance standard deviation |
9 |
47.49 |
42.53 |
-4.96 |
4.15 |
-1.19 |
0.266 |
Steering wheel movements SD |
7 |
0.67 |
0.83 |
0.16 |
0.03 |
6.29 |
0.001 |
Front Wheel movements SD |
7 |
0.62 |
0.71 |
0.09 |
0.02 |
3.89 |
0.008 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Technical variables |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Vehicle speed mean |
9 |
60.45 |
60.60 |
0.15 |
0.16 |
0.90 |
0.393 |
Engine rotation mean |
8 |
1504.9 |
1508.4 |
3.5 |
4.9 |
0.7 |
0.501 |
X acceleration mean |
6 |
0.012 |
0.022 |
0.010 |
0.010 |
1.030 |
0.350 |
Y acceleration mean |
6 |
0.041 |
0.040 |
-0.001 |
0.003 |
-0.370 |
0.728 |
Ambient light mean |
9 |
12.78 |
9.82 |
-2.97 |
3.85 |
-0.77 |
0.463 |
Notes: Mean values and difference in mean values are model-predicted least squares estimates. |
Table 20: AP+ and SafeTRAC Outcomes
Descriptive Comparisons of Changes in Unweighted Medians or Interquartile Ranges
|
N |
No Feedback Mean |
Feedback Mean |
Difference Mean |
Difference SD |
Difference Min |
Difference Max |
Difference p-value |
Outcome variables |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PERCLOS during night hours median |
9 |
4.11 |
3.00 |
-1.11 |
1.27 |
-3.00 |
0.00 |
0.030 |
SafeTRAC Driver's Alertness median |
9 |
71.22 |
76.22 |
5.00 |
6.86 |
-9.00 |
14.00 |
0.060 |
Lateral distance IQR |
9 |
48.67 |
38.44 |
-10.22 |
17.62 |
-56.00 |
2.00 |
0.120 |
Steering wheel movements IQR |
7 |
0.86 |
0.86 |
0.00 |
0.58 |
-1.00 |
1.00 |
1.000 |
Front Wheel movements IQR |
7 |
0.86 |
0.71 |
-0.14 |
0.38 |
-1.00 |
0.00 |
0.356 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Technical variables |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Vehicle speed median |
9 |
61.78 |
61.89 |
0.11 |
0.33 |
0.00 |
1.00 |
0.347 |
Engine rotation median |
8 |
1520.0 |
1517.5 |
-2.5 |
12.8 |
-20.0 |
20.0 |
0.598 |
X acceleration median |
6 |
0.012 |
0.020 |
0.008 |
0.031 |
-0.010 |
0.070 |
0.534 |
Y acceleration median |
6 |
0.038 |
0.033 |
-0.005 |
0.008 |
-0.020 |
0.000 |
0.203 |
Ambient light median |
9 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
. |
Table 21: AP+ and SafeTRAC Outcomes
Mixed Model ANOVA Comparisons Based on Doubly-Weighted Medians or IQR's
|
N |
No Feedback Mean |
Feedback Mean |
Difference Mean |
Difference SE |
t-statistic |
Difference p-value |
Outcome variables |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PERCLOS during night hours median |
9 |
3.47 |
2.64 |
-0.83 |
0.31 |
-2.70 |
0.027 |
SafeTRAC Driver's Alertness median |
9 |
71.07 |
76.85 |
5.78 |
2.22 |
2.60 |
0.032 |
Lateral distance IQR |
9 |
47.99 |
38.40 |
-9.59 |
6.25 |
-1.53 |
0.164 |
Steering wheel movements IQR |
7 |
0.70 |
0.76 |
0.05 |
0.08 |
0.63 |
0.553 |
Front Wheel movements IQR |
7 |
0.83 |
0.70 |
-0.13 |
0.13 |
-1.01 |
0.352 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Technical variables |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Vehicle speed median |
9 |
61.97 |
62.14 |
0.18 |
0.23 |
0.75 |
0.473 |
Engine rotation median |
8 |
1520.2 |
1522.8 |
2.7 |
2.5 |
1.1 |
0.325 |
X acceleration median |
6 |
0.011 |
0.022 |
0.010 |
0.011 |
0.910 |
0.404 |
Y acceleration median |
6 |
0.036 |
0.034 |
-0.002 |
0.002 |
-1.220 |
0.276 |
Ambient light median |
9 |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
Notes: Mean values and difference in mean values are model-predicted least squares estimates. |
Table 22: Total Durations Used as Weighting Factors in Mixed Model ANOVA
Outcomes |
PERCLOS Camera |
Lateral distance |
Driver's Alertness |
Steering wheel
movements |
Front Wheel
movements |
Vehicle speed |
Engine rotation |
X acceleration |
Y acceleration |
Feedback |
No |
Yes |
No |
Yes |
No |
Yes |
No |
Yes |
No |
Yes |
No |
Yes |
No |
Yes |
No |
Yes |
No |
Yes |
SID |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
31 |
81.5 |
83.6 |
73.5 |
75.4 |
81.5 |
83.6 |
81.5 |
83.6 |
81.5 |
83.6 |
81.5 |
83.6 |
81.5 |
83.6 |
. |
. |
. |
. |
32 |
65.4 |
29.5 |
72.9 |
39.5 |
79.6 |
41.7 |
79.6 |
41.7 |
79.6 |
41.7 |
79.6 |
41.7 |
79.6 |
41.7 |
. |
. |
. |
. |
35 |
57.8 |
5.9 |
75.2 |
8.0 |
81.6 |
8.4 |
81.6 |
8.4 |
81.6 |
. |
81.6 |
8.4 |
81.6 |
8.4 |
81.6 |
8.4 |
81.6 |
8.4 |
36 |
19.1 |
8.6 |
17.9 |
6.6 |
19.1 |
8.6 |
. |
. |
19.1 |
8.6 |
19.1 |
8.6 |
19.1 |
8.6 |
19.1 |
8.6 |
19.1 |
8.6 |
37 |
43.2 |
45.2 |
35.4 |
37.0 |
43.2 |
45.2 |
43.2 |
45.2 |
43.2 |
45.2 |
43.2 |
45.2 |
43.2 |
45.2 |
43.2 |
45.2 |
43.2 |
45.2 |
38 |
82.5 |
73.8 |
77.0 |
68.9 |
82.5 |
73.8 |
82.5 |
73.8 |
82.5 |
73.8 |
82.5 |
73.8 |
82.5 |
73.8 |
82.5 |
73.8 |
82.5 |
73.8 |
40 |
28.9 |
73.9 |
25.9 |
68.4 |
28.9 |
74.8 |
28.9 |
74.8 |
28.9 |
74.8 |
28.9 |
74.8 |
28.9 |
74.8 |
28.9 |
74.8 |
28.9 |
74.8 |
41 |
44.7 |
50.7 |
37.0 |
39.2 |
44.7 |
50.7 |
44.7 |
50.7 |
44.7 |
50.7 |
44.7 |
50.7 |
44.7 |
50.7 |
44.7 |
50.7 |
44.7 |
50.7 |
42 |
56.7 |
25.9 |
65.2 |
24.3 |
68.8 |
26.1 |
. |
. |
68.8 |
. |
68.8 |
26.1 |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mean |
53.3 |
44.1 |
53.3 |
40.8 |
58.9 |
45.9 |
63.1 |
54.0 |
58.9 |
54.1 |
58.9 |
45.9 |
57.6 |
48.4 |
50.0 |
43.6 |
50.0 |
43.6 |
Table 23: PVT Outcomes
Mixed Model ANOVA Predicted Mean Values by Condition and Time of Day
|
|
Test for Time*FB Interaction ^ |
Day |
Evening |
Night |
Main Effects # |
|
ICC & |
No FB |
FB |
p-value |
No FB |
FB |
p-value |
No FB |
FB |
p-value |
FB |
TOD |
Total trials among 12 drivers |
|
|
37 |
32 |
|
12 |
3 |
|
178 |
174 |
|
|
|
Primary Variables
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Raw lapses (RT>500 ms) |
0.303 |
0.331 |
3.43 |
6.02 |
0.134 |
-0.66 |
5.82 |
0.233 |
3.12 |
4.59 |
0.016 |
0.005 |
0.088 |
Median response time |
0.246 |
0.555 |
257.1 |
277.6 |
0.125 |
227.2 |
258.3 |
0.367 |
243.7 |
258.0 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
0.002 |
Post test sleepiness |
0.429 |
0.112 |
4.51 |
5.97 |
0.172 |
1.83 |
8.44 |
0.051 |
3.29 |
5.33 |
0.000 |
<.0001 |
0.082 |
Secondary Variables
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Transformed lapses |
0.334 |
0.359 |
3.65 |
4.32 |
0.222 |
1.45 |
4.17 |
0.240 |
2.89 |
3.63 |
0.004 |
0.002 |
0.011 |
Mean fastest 10% RT's |
0.603 |
0.752 |
201.3 |
203.9 |
0.550 |
185.9 |
190.0 |
0.496 |
190.1 |
195.2 |
0.002 |
0.002 |
<.0001 |
Mean slowest 10% 1/RT's |
0.347 |
0.421 |
2.21 |
1.83 |
0.062 |
3.05 |
2.27 |
0.294 |
2.55 |
2.28 |
0.001 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
Total response errors |
0.606 |
0.609 |
3.20 |
5.10 |
0.215 |
4.41 |
3.80 |
0.645 |
4.18 |
5.06 |
0.038 |
0.038 |
0.734 |
Reciprocol RT slope |
0.156 |
0.102 |
-0.035 |
-0.066 |
0.087 |
-0.034 |
-0.033 |
0.907 |
-0.040 |
-0.031 |
0.160 |
0.664 |
0.339 |
Grand mean RT |
0.304 |
0.566 |
280.1 |
298.2 |
0.197 |
212.3 |
297.0 |
0.285 |
282.7 |
307.8 |
0.021 |
0.011 |
0.071 |
RT standard deviation |
0.273 |
0.402 |
117.5 |
120.5 |
0.659 |
1.2 |
196.6 |
0.258 |
136.9 |
170.0 |
0.162 |
0.113 |
0.132 |
RT distribution asymmetry |
0.215 |
0.273 |
0.225 |
0.259 |
0.164 |
0.197 |
0.284 |
0.302 |
0.222 |
0.237 |
0.061 |
0.014 |
0.464 |
Pre test sleepiness |
0.367 |
0.110 |
4.57 |
5.13 |
0.722 |
1.82 |
7.22 |
0.064 |
3.16 |
5.09 |
0.000 |
<.0001 |
0.139 |
Notes:
& ICC Intraclass correlation controlling for time of day and feedback condition.
^ Mixed model ANOVA test for interaction, if significant then feedback effects were assessed at each time of day interval.
# If interaction was not significant, it was removed and feedback and time of day effects were assessed as main effects. |
Table 24: Actigraphy Variables
Mixed Model ANOVA Fixed Effects (Predicted Means and Differences in Means)
Outcome variables |
N |
No Feedback Mean |
Feedback Mean |
Difference Mean |
Difference SE |
t-statistic |
Difference p-value |
Prior Sleep |
10 |
337.43 |
353.30 |
15.87 |
17.175 |
0.920 |
0.380 |
Sleep Episodes |
10 |
1.875 |
2.114 |
0.239 |
0.102 |
2.330 |
0.045 |
AMS (Actigraphy Movement Score) |
10 |
1920.50 |
2068.17 |
147.67 |
104.86 |
1.410 |
0.193 |
Sleep Efficiency |
10 |
69.658 |
64.634 |
-5.024 |
4.739 |
-1.060 |
0.317 |
Sleep Performance Model (Max) |
10 |
86.262 |
86.236 |
-0.027 |
1.977 |
-0.010 |
0.990 |
Sleep Performance Model (Min) |
10 |
62.969 |
63.713 |
0.744 |
1.953 |
0.380 |
0.712 |
Notes: Mean values and difference in mean values are model-predicted least squares estimates. |
Table 25: Actigraphy Variables
Mixed Model ANOVA Random Effects and Intraclass Correlations
Outcome variables |
Sigma 2 (driver) |
Sigma 2 (residual) |
Sigma 2 (total) |
ICC |
p-value |
Prior Sleep |
2527.6 |
1474.94 |
4002.58 |
0.632 |
0.055 |
Sleep Episodes |
0.048 |
0.052 |
0.101 |
0.481 |
0.097 |
AMS (Actigraphy Movement Score) |
3553863.8 |
54974.8 |
3608838.6 |
0.985 |
0.018 |
Sleep Efficiency |
301.9 |
112.3 |
414.2 |
0.729 |
0.039 |
Sleep Performance Model (Max) |
30.0 |
19.5 |
49.5 |
0.606 |
0.060 |
Sleep Performance Model (Min) |
17.0 |
19.1 |
36.0 |
0.471 |
0.101 |
Note: ICC is the proportion of total variance across drivers and days explained by systematic driver variance after removing variance explained by the no feedback and feedback conditons. |
Table 26: AP+ and SafeTRAC Outcomes at Night
Descriptive Comparisons of Changes in Unweighted Means or Standard Deviations
|
N |
No Feedback Mean |
Fedback Mean |
Difference Mean |
Difference SD |
Difference Min |
Difference Max |
Difference p-value |
Outcome variables
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PERCLOS during night hours mean |
9 |
7.58 |
6.52 |
-1.06 |
1.95 |
-4.45 |
1.51 |
0.140 |
SafeTRAC Driver's Alertness mean |
9 |
70.67 |
75.62 |
4.95 |
6.52 |
-8.70 |
14.36 |
0.052 |
Lateral distance standard deviation |
9 |
48.53 |
43.55 |
-4.98 |
11.05 |
-18.46 |
15.43 |
0.213 |
Steering wheel movements SD |
7 |
0.66 |
0.84 |
0.18 |
0.10 |
0.01 |
0.35 |
0.004 |
Front Wheel movements SD |
7 |
0.63 |
0.72 |
0.08 |
0.06 |
-0.04 |
0.15 |
0.013 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Technical variables
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Vehicle speed mean |
9 |
60.16 |
60.13 |
-0.04 |
0.60 |
-0.85 |
0.98 |
0.861 |
Engine rotation mean |
8 |
1504.1 |
1503.0 |
-1.0 |
14.8 |
-19.9 |
23.9 |
0.853 |
X acceleration mean |
6 |
0.012 |
0.022 |
0.010 |
0.026 |
-0.005 |
0.063 |
0.401 |
Y acceleration mean |
6 |
0.041 |
0.039 |
-0.002 |
0.009 |
-0.017 |
0.012 |
0.701 |
Ambient light mean |
9 |
3.306 |
0.521 |
-2.785 |
8.098 |
-24.364 |
0.249 |
0.332 |
Table 27: AP+ and SafeTRAC Outcomes at Night
Mixed Model ANOVA Comparisons Based on Doubly-Weighted Means or SD's
|
N |
No Feedback Mean |
Fedback Mean |
Difference Mean |
Difference SE |
t-statistic |
Difference p-value |
Outcome variables
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PERCLOS during night hours mean |
9 |
6.65 |
5.98 |
-0.66 |
0.38 |
-1.72 |
0.123 |
SafeTRAC Driver's Alertness mean |
9 |
70.48 |
76.47 |
5.99 |
2.29 |
2.61 |
0.031 |
Lateral distance standard deviation |
9 |
46.70 |
42.76 |
-3.94 |
3.96 |
-0.99 |
0.349 |
Steering wheel movements SD |
7 |
0.64 |
0.81 |
0.17 |
0.03 |
5.73 |
0.001 |
Front Wheel movements SD |
7 |
0.62 |
0.71 |
0.09 |
0.02 |
3.86 |
0.008 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Technical variables
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Vehicle speed mean |
9 |
60.51 |
60.66 |
0.15 |
0.18 |
0.84 |
0.424 |
Engine rotation mean |
8 |
1505.6 |
1509.3 |
3.7 |
5.2 |
0.7 |
0.493 |
X acceleration mean |
6 |
0.012 |
0.023 |
0.010 |
0.010 |
1.040 |
0.346 |
Y acceleration mean |
6 |
0.041 |
0.040 |
-0.001 |
0.002 |
-0.270 |
0.798 |
Ambient light mean |
9 |
2.456 |
0.610 |
-1.847 |
2.011 |
-0.920 |
0.385 |
Notes: Mean values and difference in mean values are model-predicted least squares estimates. |
Table 28: AP+ and SafeTRAC Outcomes at Night
Descriptive Comparisons of Changes in Unweighted Medians or Interquartile Ranges
|
N |
No Feedback Mean |
Feedback Mean |
Difference Mean |
Difference SD |
Difference Min |
Difference Max |
Difference p-value |
Outcome variables
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PERCLOS during night hours median |
9 |
4.11 |
3.00 |
-1.11 |
1.27 |
-3.00 |
0.00 |
0.030 |
SafeTRAC Driver's Alertness median |
9 |
71.44 |
76.56 |
5.11 |
6.88 |
-9.00 |
14.00 |
0.056 |
Lateral distance IQR |
9 |
45.78 |
38.22 |
-7.56 |
9.37 |
-30.00 |
2.00 |
0.042 |
Steering wheel movements IQR |
7 |
0.86 |
0.86 |
0.00 |
0.58 |
-1.00 |
1.00 |
1.000 |
Front Wheel movements IQR |
7 |
0.86 |
0.71 |
-0.14 |
0.38 |
-1.00 |
0.00 |
0.356 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Technical variables
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Vehicle speed median |
9 |
61.89 |
61.89 |
0.00 |
0.50 |
-1.00 |
1.00 |
1.000 |
Engine rotation median |
8 |
1520.0 |
1520.0 |
0.0 |
10.7 |
-20.0 |
20.0 |
1.000 |
X acceleration median |
6 |
0.012 |
0.020 |
0.008 |
0.031 |
-0.010 |
0.070 |
0.534 |
Y acceleration median |
6 |
0.037 |
0.033 |
-0.003 |
0.005 |
-0.010 |
0.000 |
0.175 |
Ambient light median |
9 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
. |
Table 29: AP+ and SafeTRAC Outcomes at Night
Mixed Model ANOVA Comparisons Based on Doubly-Weighted Medians or IQR's
|
N |
No Feedback Mean |
Feedback Mean |
Difference Mean |
Difference SE |
t-statistic |
Difference p-value |
Outcome variables
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PERCLOS during night hours median |
9 |
3.47 |
2.64 |
-0.83 |
0.31 |
-2.70 |
0.027 |
SafeTRAC Driver's Alertness median |
9 |
71.36 |
77.27 |
5.91 |
2.21 |
2.67 |
0.028 |
Lateral distance IQR |
9 |
44.38 |
37.41 |
-6.97 |
3.52 |
-1.98 |
0.083 |
Steering wheel movements IQR |
7 |
0.71 |
0.75 |
0.04 |
0.07 |
0.54 |
0.611 |
Front Wheel movements IQR |
7 |
0.83 |
0.69 |
-0.14 |
0.13 |
-1.04 |
0.339 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Technical variables
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Vehicle speed median |
9 |
62.07 |
62.29 |
0.22 |
0.23 |
0.96 |
0.363 |
Engine rotation median |
8 |
1522.8 |
1521.5 |
-1.3 |
5.7 |
-0.2 |
0.828 |
X acceleration median |
6 |
0.011 |
0.022 |
0.010 |
0.011 |
0.920 |
0.398 |
Y acceleration median |
6 |
0.036 |
0.034 |
-0.002 |
0.002 |
-1.170 |
0.295 |
Ambient light median |
9 |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
Notes: Mean values and difference in mean values are model-predicted least squares estimates. |
Table 30: Total Durations Used as Weighting Factors in Mixed Model ANOVA for Night Outcomes
Outcomes |
PERCLOS Camera |
Lateral distance |
Driver's Alertness |
Steering wheel
movements |
Front Wheel
movements |
Vehicle speed |
Engine rotation |
X acceleration |
Y acceleration |
Feedback |
No |
Yes |
No |
Yes |
No |
Yes |
No |
Yes |
No |
Yes |
No |
Yes |
No |
Yes |
No |
Yes |
No |
Yes |
SID |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
31 |
81.5 |
83.6 |
73.5 |
75.4 |
81.5 |
83.6 |
81.5 |
83.6 |
81.5 |
83.6 |
81.5 |
83.6 |
81.5 |
83.6 |
. |
. |
. |
. |
32 |
65.4 |
29.5 |
59.1 |
27.7 |
65.4 |
29.5 |
65.4 |
29.5 |
65.4 |
29.5 |
65.4 |
29.5 |
65.4 |
29.5 |
. |
. |
. |
. |
35 |
57.8 |
5.9 |
54.1 |
5.6 |
57.8 |
5.9 |
57.8 |
5.9 |
57.8 |
. |
57.8 |
5.9 |
57.8 |
5.9 |
57.8 |
5.9 |
57.8 |
5.9 |
36 |
19.1 |
8.6 |
17.9 |
6.6 |
19.1 |
8.6 |
. |
. |
19.1 |
8.6 |
19.1 |
8.6 |
19.1 |
8.6 |
19.1 |
8.6 |
19.1 |
8.6 |
37 |
43.2 |
45.2 |
35.4 |
37.0 |
43.2 |
45.2 |
43.2 |
45.2 |
43.2 |
45.2 |
43.2 |
45.2 |
43.2 |
45.2 |
43.2 |
45.2 |
43.2 |
45.2 |
38 |
82.5 |
73.8 |
77.0 |
68.9 |
82.5 |
73.8 |
82.5 |
73.8 |
82.5 |
73.8 |
82.5 |
73.8 |
82.5 |
73.8 |
82.5 |
73.8 |
82.5 |
73.8 |
40 |
28.9 |
73.9 |
25.8 |
67.4 |
28.9 |
73.9 |
28.9 |
73.9 |
28.9 |
73.9 |
28.9 |
73.9 |
28.9 |
73.9 |
28.9 |
73.9 |
28.9 |
73.9 |
41 |
44.7 |
50.7 |
37.0 |
39.2 |
44.7 |
50.7 |
44.7 |
50.7 |
44.7 |
50.7 |
44.7 |
50.7 |
44.7 |
50.7 |
44.7 |
50.7 |
44.7 |
50.7 |
42 |
56.7 |
25.9 |
53.7 |
24.0 |
56.7 |
25.9 |
. |
. |
56.7 |
. |
56.7 |
25.9 |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mean |
53.3 |
44.1 |
48.2 |
39.1 |
53.3 |
44.1 |
57.7 |
51.8 |
53.3 |
52.2 |
53.3 |
44.1 |
52.9 |
46.4 |
46.0 |
43.0 |
46.0 |
43.0 |
Table 31: Diary Data - Mean Cumulative Daily Duration Variables
Descriptive Comparisons of Changes in Means and Medians
|
N |
No Feedback Mean |
Feedback Mean |
Difference Mean |
Difference SD |
Difference Min |
Difference Max |
Difference p-value |
Means
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rest/Eating: Duration |
10 |
0.057 |
0.036 |
-0.020 |
0.100 |
-0.283 |
0.077 |
0.538 |
Rest/Sleep: Duration |
10 |
0.111 |
0.092 |
-0.018 |
0.073 |
-0.190 |
0.079 |
0.451 |
Sleep/Nap out of vehicle: Duration |
10 |
1.583 |
1.754 |
0.171 |
0.515 |
-0.340 |
1.278 |
0.321 |
Sleep/Nap in vehicle: Duration |
10 |
0.116 |
0.061 |
-0.056 |
0.257 |
-0.745 |
0.180 |
0.511 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Medians
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rest/Eating: Duration |
10 |
0.000 |
0.034 |
0.034 |
0.072 |
0.000 |
0.170 |
0.168 |
Rest/Sleep: Duration |
10 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
. |
Sleep/Nap out of vehicle: Duration |
10 |
1.750 |
1.925 |
0.175 |
0.334 |
0.000 |
1.000 |
0.132 |
Sleep/Nap in vehicle: Duration |
10 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
. |
Table 31: Diary Data - Mean Frequency per Day Variables
Descriptive Comparisons of Changes in Means and Medians
|
N |
No Feedback Mean |
Feedback Mean |
Difference Mean |
Difference SD |
Difference Min |
Difference Max |
Difference p-value |
Means
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rest/Eating: Frequency |
10 |
0.172 |
0.180 |
0.009 |
0.237 |
-0.467 |
0.367 |
0.912 |
Rest/Sleep: Frequency |
10 |
0.167 |
0.169 |
0.002 |
0.085 |
-0.111 |
0.167 |
0.939 |
Sleep/Nap out of vehicle: Frequency |
10 |
0.262 |
0.271 |
0.009 |
0.062 |
-0.059 |
0.167 |
0.660 |
Sleep/Nap in vehicle:Frequency |
10 |
0.076 |
0.094 |
0.018 |
0.113 |
-0.118 |
0.219 |
0.625 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Medians
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rest/Eating: Frequency |
10 |
0.000 |
0.200 |
0.200 |
0.422 |
0.000 |
1.000 |
0.168 |
Rest/Sleep: Frequency |
10 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
. |
Sleep/Nap out of vehicle: Frequency |
10 |
0.300 |
0.300 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
. |
Sleep/Nap out of vehicle: Frequency |
10 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
. |
Table 33: AP+ and SafeTRAC Outcomes
Descriptive Comparisons of Changes in Unweighted Means or Standard Deviations
|
N |
No Feedback Mean |
Feedback Mean |
Difference Mean |
Difference SD |
Difference Min |
Difference Max |
Difference p-value |
USA
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PERCLOS during night hours mean |
9 |
7.58 |
6.52 |
-1.06 |
1.95 |
-4.45 |
1.51 |
0.140 |
SafeTRAC Driver's Alertness mean |
9 |
70.10 |
75.33 |
5.23 |
6.65 |
-8.52 |
14.36 |
0.046 |
Lateral distance standard deviation |
9 |
49.07 |
43.47 |
-5.60 |
12.00 |
-24.14 |
15.43 |
0.199 |
Steering wheel movements SD |
7 |
0.70 |
0.85 |
0.15 |
0.07 |
0.01 |
0.25 |
0.002 |
Front wheel movements SD |
7 |
0.64 |
0.72 |
0.08 |
0.06 |
-0.04 |
0.15 |
0.014 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Canada
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PERCLOS during night hours mean |
16 |
6.65 |
5.03 |
-1.63 |
3.85 |
-10.52 |
2.80 |
0.112 |
SafeTRAC Driver's Alertness mean |
18 |
82.58 |
81.80 |
-0.78 |
1.94 |
-4.93 |
2.32 |
0.107 |
Lateral distance standard deviation |
18 |
32.41 |
31.88 |
-0.53 |
2.74 |
-4.66 |
5.03 |
0.424 |
Steering wheel movements SD |
19 |
3.21 |
2.31 |
-0.90 |
4.09 |
-14.24 |
3.95 |
0.349 |
Front wheel movements SD |
14 |
3.27 |
3.05 |
-0.22 |
1.13 |
-3.58 |
1.09 |
0.485 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
USA vs. Canada p-values
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PERCLOS during night hours mean |
25 |
0.612 |
0.280 |
0.687 |
|
|
|
|
SafeTRAC Driver's Alertness mean |
27 |
0.001 |
0.121 |
0.001 |
|
|
|
|
Lateral distance standard deviation |
27 |
<.0001 |
0.000 |
0.095 |
|
|
|
|
Steering wheel movements SD |
26 |
0.097 |
0.052 |
0.508 |
|
|
|
|
Front wheel movements SD |
21 |
<.0001 |
<.0001 |
0.499 |
|
|
|
|
|