Organic Geochemistry Research Labratory
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Organic Geochemistry Research Laboratory
Laboratory Methods and Resources
Laboratory methods include the following: (1) to develop new methods for the laboratory
analysis of pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and the degradation
products of the parent compounds in environmental samples; and (2) to acquire state-of-the-art
laboratory instrumentation for high-quality research and reproducible data.
The goals of the laboratory are to develop, automate, and simplify analytical methods
for pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and their degradation products in soil and water.
These methods include the use of: solid-phase extraction
(SPE), gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
(GC/MS), liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry
(LC/MS), liquid chromatography/tamdem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS),
and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
(ELISA).
Laboratory instrumentation currently in use include the following:
- Accelerated Solvent Extractor (ASE)
- Automated Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE)
- Flash Chromatography
- Freeze Drier for Making Standards
- Gas Chromatograph/Mass Spectrometer (GC/MS)
- Kinetic Microtiter Plate Reader (ELISA Analysis)
- Liquid Chromatograph/Mass Spectrometer (LC/MS)
- Liquid Chromatograph/Tandem Mass Spectrometer (LC/MS/MS)
- Online Solid-Phase Extraction
- Solvent Evaporator
- UV/Visible Spectrophotometer (Magnetic Particle ELISA)
- Walk-In Refrigeration
Goals of Methods Development
Methods development proceeds with three ideas in mind:
- To develop analytical methods for pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and the degradates
of these compounds in soil and water that are important in water-quality studies.
- To automate methods so that samples may be analyzed for water-quality and
environmental surveys quickly and inexpensively.
- To make methods simple and available for other offices of the USGS and researchers
in universities.
Accomplishments of Methods Development
- Solid-phase extraction of water and soil samples for pesticides and antibiotics
- LC/MS analysis of pesticide compounds and their degradation products
- LC/MS/MS analysis of antibiotics compounds and their degradation products
- GC/MS analysis of pesticide compounds and their degradation products
- ELISA analysis of herbicides
Selected Methods Development References
- Aga, D.S. and Thurman, E.M., 1993,
Coupling Solid-Phase Extraction
(SPE) and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for Ultratrace Analysis of
Herbicides in Pristine Water: Analytical Chemistry, v. 65, p. 2894-2898.
- Ferrer, I., Thurman, E.M., and Barcelo, D., 1997,
Identification of Ionic
Chloroacetanilide--Herbicide Metabolites in Surface Water and Ground Water by
HPLC/MS Using Negative Ion Spray: Analytical Chemistry, v. 69, no. 22, p.
4547-4553.
- Ferrer, Imma, Barcelo, Damia, Thurman, E.M., 2000,
First LC/MS Determination of
Cyanazine Amide, Cyanazine Acid, and Cyanazine in Groundwater Samples,
Environmental Science and Technology, v. 34, no. 4, p. 714-718.
- Ferrer, Imma, and Thurman, E.M., 2003,
Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry,
MS/MS and Time-of-Flight MS: Analysis of Emerging Contaminants.,
American Chemical Society Symposium 850, 415 p.
- Lin, C.H., Lerch, R.N., Thurman, E.M., Garrett. H.E., George, M.F., 2002,
Determination of Isoxaflutole (Balance) and
its Metabolites in Water Using Solid Phase Extraction followed by High-Performance Liquid
Chromatography with Ultraviolet or Mass Spectrometry:
J. Agrie. Food Chem., v. 50, p.5816-5824.
- Lindsey, M.E., Meyer, M.T., and Thurman, E.M., 2001,
Analysis of Trace levels of
Sulfonamide and Tetracycline Antimicrobials in Groundwater and Surface Water using
Solid-Phase Extraction and Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry, Analytical
Chemistry, v. 74, p. 4640-4646.
- Meyer, M.T., Mills, M.S., and Thurman, E.M., 1993,
Automated Solid-Phase
Extraction of Herbicides from Water for Gas Chromatographic/Mass Spectrometric
Analysis: Journal of Chromatography, v. 629, p. 55-59.
- Mills, M.S. and Thurman, E.M., 1992,
Mixed-Mode Isolation of
Triazine Metabolites in Soil and Aquifer Sediments Using Automated Solid-Phase
Extraction: Analytical Chemistry, v. 64, 1985-1990.
- Thurman, E.M., Meyer, M.T., Pomes, M.L., Perry, C.A., and Schwab, A.P., 1990,
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Compared With Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry for the Determination of
Triazine Herbicides in Water: Analytical Chemistry, v. 62, no.18, p. 2043-2048.
- Thurman, E.M., Ferrer, Imma, and Barcelo, Damia, 2001,
Choosing between Atmospheric
Pressure Chemical Ionization and Electrospray Ionization Interfaces for the
HPLC/MS Analysis of Pesticides, Analytical Chemistry, v. 73, p. 5441-5449
- Thurman, E.M., Ferrer, Imma, Parry, Rick, 2002,
Accurate mass analysis of ethane sulfonic acid degradates
of acetochlor and alachlor using high-preformance liquid chromatography and time-of-flight mass spectrometry:
J. Chromato. A, 957, p.3-9.
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