EPA develops Regulatory Impact Analyses (RIAs) to support the development of national air pollution regulations. RIAs contain descriptions of the potential social benefits and social costs of a regulation, including those that cannot be quantified in monetary terms and a determination of the potential net benefits of the rule including an evaluation of the effects that are not monetarily quantified. Typically, an RIA is structured similarly to an EIA, except that a benefits analysis of the rule is included along with an estimation of the net benefits. Further details about regulatory impact analyses completed by ABCG can be found in Section 2 of Chapter 2 of the OAPQS Economic Analysis Resource Document.
Below is a list of industries for which RIAs were developed. The RIAs are available in PDF format (unless otherwise noted) and can be downloaded by clicking on the links below.
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Regulatory Impact Analyses |
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4-21-2009 |
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2-27-2009 |
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2008 National Ambient Air Quality Standard for Lead |
10-16-2008 |
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As it does with all major rules, EPA conducted a benefits and costs analysis of the national air quality standard for lead pollution, which the Agency strengthened on October 15, 2008. This regulatory impact analysis is designed to inform the public and state, local, and tribal governments about the potential costs and benefits of implementing these important air quality standards. It is not a part of the standard selection process. |
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The Regulatory Impact Analysis (promulgation)
- Full Document (PDF) (558pp, 12,647k)
- Executive Summary (PDF) (18pp, 181k)
- Cover (PDF) (1pp, 13k)
- Chapter 1: Introduction and Background (PDF) (7pp, 40k)
- Chapter 2: Characterizing Pb Air Quality and Emissions Data (PDF) (9pp, 110k)
- Chapter 3: Air Quality Assessment Methodology (PDF) (12pp, 116k)
- Chapter 4: Emissions Control Analysis: Design and Analytic Results (PDF) (22pp, 284k)
- Chapter 5: Benefit Analysis Approach and Results (PDF) (52pp, 963k)
- Chapter 6: Cost Analysis Approach and Results (PDF) (38pp, 454k)
- Chapter 7: Estimates of Benefits and Costs (PDF) (9pp, 131k)
- Chapter 8: Statutory and Executive Order Reviews (PDF) (6pp, 27k)
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The Regulatory Impact Analysis (proposal)
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5-1-2008 |
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2008 National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Ground-Level Ozone |
3-13-2008 |
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As it does with all major rules, EPA conducted an illustrative analysis of the potential costs and human health benefits of nationally attaining alternative ozone standards. The estimates are calculated incremental to a 2020 baseline that incorporates air quality improvements achieved through the projected implementation of existing regulations and full attainment of the existing ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)and the particulate matter (PM) NAAQS promulgated in September 2006. This regulatory impact analysis is designed to inform the public and states about the potential costs and benefits of implementing the new air quality standard. It is not a part of the standard selection process. |
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The Regulatory Impact Analysis (promulgation)
- Full Document (PDF) (558pp, 12,647k)
- Executive Summary (PDF) (11pp, 524k)
- Cover and Table of Contents (PDF) (15pp, 72k)
- Chapter 1: Introduction and Background (PDF) (7pp, 32k)
- Chapter 2: Characterizing Ozone and Modeling Tools Used in This Analysids (PDF) (11pp, 212k)
- Appendix 2: Additional Emissions Modeling Platform Information (PDF) (3pp, 21k)
- Chapter 3: Modeled Control Strategy - Design and Analytical Results (PDF) (26pp, 2.3 MB)
- Appendix 3: Additional Control Strategy Information (PDF) (45pp, 2.3 MB)
- Appendix 3: Additional Control Strategy Information - revised (PDF) (45pp, 2.3 MB)
- Chapter 4: Approach for Estimating Reductions for Full Attainment Scenario (PDF) (20pp, 445k)
- Chapter 5: Engineering Cost Estimates (PDF) (34pp, 439k)
- Appendix 5a: Additional Cost Information (PDF) (30pp, 125k)
- Appendix 5b: Economic Impact of Modeled Controls (PDF) (27pp, 159k)
- Chapter 6: Incremental Benefits of Attaining Alternative Ozone Standards Relative to the Current 8-hour Standard (0.08 ppm) (PDF) (99pp, 2.8 MB)
- Appendix 6a: Additional Benefits Information (PDF) (8pp, 32k)
- Appendix Chapter 6b: Health-Based Cost-Effectiveness of Reductions in Ambient O3 and PM2.5 Associated with Illustrative O3 NAAQS Attainment Strategies (PDF) (67pp, 296pp)
- Appendix 6c: Additional Sensitivity Analyses Related To the Benefits Analysis (PDF) (8pp, 43k)
- Appendix Chapter 6d: Exploring the Effects of Changes in Tropospheric Ozone on UVB (PDF) (50pp, 4.5 MB)
- Chapter 7: Conclusions and Implications of the Illustrative Benefit-Cost Analysis (PDF) (16pp, 522k)
- Appendix 7a: National Baseline Sensitivity Analysis (PDF) (10pp, 43k)
- Appendix 7b: Post 2020 Attainment Analysis (PDF) (14pp, 167k)
- Chapter 8: Statutory and Executive Order Impact Analyses (PDF) (6pp, 24k)
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The Regulatory Impact Analysis (proposal) |
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2006 National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Particle Pollution |
10-6-2006 |
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As it does with all major rules, EPA conducted a benefits and costs analysis of the national air quality standards for particle pollution, which the Agency strengthened on Sept. 21, 2006. This regulatory impact analysis is designed to inform the public and states about the potential costs and benefits of implementing these important air quality standards. It is not a part of the standard selection process. |
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The Regulatory Impact Analysis
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The Expert Elicitation As part of the Regulatory Impact Analysis, EPA sought the opinions of outside experts to support the characterization of uncertainty associated with reductions in exposure to particle pollution. As recommended by the National Academy of Sciences, EPA is using expert judgment as part of an effort to better describe the uncertainties inherent in any benefits analysis. This report and its findings are intended solely for this purpose. |
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Chemical Manufacturing - SIC 28; NAICS 325 |
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Industrial Boilers and Process Heaters (PDF) |
02-04 |
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Electric, Gas, and Sanitary Services - SIC 49; NAICS 562 |
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Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines (PDF) |
02-03 |
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Paper and Allied Products - SIC 26; NAICS 322 |
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Pulp and Paper (PDF) |
10-97 |
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Transportation Equipment Manufacturing - SIC 25, 35, 36, 37; NAICS 336 |
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Automobile and Light Duty Truck Manufacturing (PDF) |
02-04 |
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Wood Product Manufacturing - SIC 24; NAICS 337, 321 |
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Plywood and Composite Wood Products (PDF) |
02-04 |
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Mercury |
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Regulatory Impact Analysis of the Clean Air Mercury Rule (PDF) |
03-05 |
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Technical Support Document: Methodology Used to Generate Deposition, Fish Tissue Methylmercury Concentrations, and Exposure for Determining Effectiveness of Utility Emission Controls (PDF) |
03-05 |
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Mercury Exposure Peer Review Summary (PDF) |
03-05 |
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Mercury Neurotoxicity Workshop Notes (November 2002) (PDF) |
07-04 |
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Other |
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Regulatory Impact Analysis for the Stationary Spark-Ignition New Source Performance Standard (SI NSPS) and New Area Source NESHAP (PDF) |
01-08 |
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Regulatory Impact Analysis of the Standards of Performance for Stationary Compression Ignition Internal Combustion Engines (PDF) |
08-06 |
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Regulatory Impact Analysis for the Final Clean Air Visibility Rule or the Guidelines for Best Available Retrofit Technology (BART) Determinations Under the Regional Haze Regulations (PDF) |
06-05 |
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Regulatory Impact Analysis for the Final Clean Air Interstate Rule (PDF) |
03-05 |
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Clean Air Nonroad Diesel Final Rule |
05-04 |
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Final Section 126 Petition Rule (ZIP file) |
12-99 |
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NOx SIP Call, FIP, and Section 126 Petitions (ZIP file) |
10-99 |
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Final Regional Haze Regulation for Protection of Visibility in National Parks and Wilderness Areas: Regulatory Impact Anaysis (ZIP file) |
04-99 |
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Supplemental to the Proposed NOx SIP Call |
04-98 |
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Proposed Particulate Matter NAAQS Regulatory Impact Analysis (ZIP file) |
12-96 |
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Proposed Ozone NAAQS Regulatory Impact Analysis (ZIP file) |
12-96 |