Swan Lake National Wildlife Refuge
Midwest Region

Who We Are

Fact Sheet
Refuge Map
Refuge History
Location

What We Do

Moist Soil Management
Cropland Management
Grassland Management
Partners for Wildlife

Wildlife

Waterfowl
Latest Bird Count
Resident Wildlife
Bird List

Public Use

First Fridays
V
isitor_Center
Waterfowl Hunting
Deer Hunting
Fishing
Wildlife Obervation
Regulations

Links

Home

Small Wetlands Program

Contact Us

Phone: 660-856-3323
V/TTY: 800-735-2966
Address:
16194 Swan Lake Avenue
Sumner, MO 64681

Moist Soil Management

When mud flats are exposed by summer drawdowns of water levels, moist soil plants develop. These plants have the potential to produce high seed yields that serve as an important food source for waterfowl and other wildlife.

A diversity of invertebrate and vegetative foods from different wetland types are needed on fall and spring migration areas to meet the changing nutritional demands of waterfowl and provide them with a complete diet.

The refuge has nine moist soil units, the largest of which are Swan Lake and South Pool. The units are drained on a staggered schedule from April through June, and reflooded during the fall or spring.

The photos below show a typical sequence of events in moist soil management, including drawdown, germination, soil disturbance, and reflooding.

Photo of a moist soil unit with a tractor in the distance - Photo credit:  U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service / Photo by John Guthrie
Often, drained moist soil units benefit from soil disturbance in May. In this case, the disturbance is accomplished with a tractor and disc.

 

Photo of a mudflat with very young plants - Photo credit:  U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service / Photo by John Guthrie
After the units are drained, dormant seeds quickly germinate. In units that were also disturbed, germination should be exceptional.


Photo of a millet seed head - Photo credit:  U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service / Photo by John Guthrie
Moist soil units provide abundant food, such as millet, for migrating waterfowl.

  

Photo of a dense stand of millet - Photo credit:  U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service / Photo by John Guthrie
A summer of warm weather and timely rainfall will result in lush stands of vegetation.

  

Photo of a moist soil unit that has been flooded to a shallow depth - Photo credit:  U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service / Photo by John Guthrie
In the fall, the units are reflooded. Both waterfowl and shorebirds find the combination of shallow water and emergent plants attractive.


Last updated: July 18, 2008