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Trenching and Excavation:
Unsafe Access/Egress
Am I In Danger?

To avoid fall injuries during normal entry and exit of a trench or excavation at your job site, ladders, stairways, or ramps are required. In some circumstances, when conditions in a trench or excavation become hazardous, survival may even depend on how quickly you can climb out.

How Do I Avoid Hazards?
  • A ladder in a dirt trench leaning against the trench wallProvide stairways, ladders, ramps, or other safe means of egress in all trenches that are 4 feet deep or more.


  • Position means of egress within 25 lateral feet of workers.


  • Structural ramps that are used solely for access or egress from excavations must be designed by a competent person.


  • When two or more components form a ramp or runway, they must be connected to prevent displacement, and be of uniform thickness.


  • Cleats or other means of connecting runway components must be attached in a way that would not cause tripping (e.g., to the bottom of the structure).


  • Structural ramps used in place of steps must have a non-slip surface.


  • Use earthen ramps as a means of egress only if a worker can walk them in an upright position, and only if they have been evaluated by a competent person.
Workers in a trench
These workers are not protected from a cave-in, nor do they have any apparent safe access or egress from the trench.




Safety Bulletin Sign
Unsafe Access/Egress
Book Additional Information:
Additional Examples

Ladder extending from a trench


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Page last updated: 03/03/2009