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Chemical Sampling Information |
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| beta-Chloroprene |
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General Description
Synonyms: 2-Chloro-1,3-butadiene; Chlorobutadiene; Chloroprene
OSHA IMIS Code Number: 0680
IMIS Name History: Chloroprene prior to 5/30/07
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number: 126-99-8
NIOSH, Registry of Toxic Effects (RTECS) Identification Number: EI9625000
Department of Transportation Regulation Number (49 CFR 172.101) and Guide: 1991 131P [27 KB PDF] (inhibited)
NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, beta-Chloroprene: chemical description, physical properties, potentially hazardous incompatibilities, and more
Exposure Limits
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for General Industry: 29 CFR 1910.1000 Z-1 Table -- 25 ppm, 90 mg/m3 TWA; Skin
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Construction Industry: 29 CFR 1926.55 Appendix A -- 25 ppm, 90 mg/m3 TWA; Skin
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Maritime: 29 CFR 1915.1000 Table Z-Shipyards -- 25 ppm, 90 mg/m3 TWA; Skin
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value (TLV): 10 ppm, 36 mg/m3 TWA; Skin
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Limit (REL): 1 ppm, 3.6 mg/m3 Ceiling (15 minutes); Appendix A - NIOSH Potential Occupational Carcinogens
Health Factors
National Toxicology Program (NTP) carcinogenic classification: Reasonably Anticipated to be Human Carcinogen [230 KB PDF]
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) carcinogenic classification: Group 2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. [381 KB PDF]
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) carcinogenic classification: Group D, not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity
NIOSH Immediately Dangerous To Life or Health Concentration (IDLH): 300 ppm
Potential symptoms: Irritation of eyes, skin, respiratory system; cough, sore throat; headache, dizziness, drowsiness, anxiety, irritability; dermatitis, alopecia; reproductive effects; SKIN ABS.: redness, pain; [potential occupational carcinogen]
Health Effects: Reproductive Hazard (HE5); Systemic Toxicity (HE3); Suspected human carcinogen, mutagen (HE2).
Affected organs: Eyes, skin, respiratory system, reproductive system
Notes:
- Chloroprene is an OSHA Select Carcinogen.
- EPA’s inhalation reference concentration (daily inhalational exposure likely to be without an appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime) for chloroprene is 7 µg/m3, and EPA’s provisional reference dose (RfD) for chloroprene is 0.02 mg/kg/day.
- Chloroprene is metabolized by cytochrome P-450 2E1 to reactive epoxide intermediates, including enantiomers of (1-chloroethenyl)oxirane, which can form adducts with glutathione, hemoglobin, and DNA. No reports of using any of these adducts as markers for occupational exposure to chloroprene were found.
- Anemia has been reported to occur in Fischer 344 rats exposed subchronically to 200 ppm chloroprene, as well as in employees occupationally exposed to unreported levels of chloroprene.
Date Last Revised: 08/25/2006
Literature Basis:
- NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards: beta-Chloroprene.
- International Chemical Safety Cards (WHO/IPCS/ILO): Chloroprene.
- EPA Technology Transfer Network Air Toxics Website: Chloroprene (2-Chloro-1,3-Butadiene).
- Hurst, H.E. and Ali, M.Y.: Analyses of (1-chloroethenyl)oxirane headspace and hemoglobin N-valine adducts in erythrocytes indicate selective detoxification of (1-chloroethenyl)oxirane enantiomers. Chem. Biol. Interact. 166(1-3): 332-340, 2007.
- Munter, T., Cottrell, L., Ghai, R., Golding, B.T. and Watson, W.P.: The metabolism and molecular toxicology of chloroprene. Chem. Biol. Interact. 166(1-3): 323-331, 2007.
- No Author: Chloroprene, CAS No. 126-99-8. [230 KB PDF] Report on Carcinogens, Eleventh Edition; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Program, 2005.
- Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Chloroprene. In, Sittig’s Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 591-593.
- Sanotskii, I.V.: Aspects of the toxicology of chloroprene: immediate and long-term effects. Environ. Health Perspect. 17: 85-93, 1976.
- Valentine, R. and Himmelstein, M.W.: Overview of the acute, subchronic, reproductive, developmental and genetic toxicology of beta-chloroprene. Chem. Biol. Interact. 135-136: 81-100, 2001.
Monitoring Methods used by OSHA
Laboratory Sampling/Analytical Method:
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sampling media: Chromosorb 106 (600/300 mg sections, 60/80 mesh)
analytical solvent: Toluene
maximum volume: 6 Liters maximum flow rate: 0.05 L/min
current analytical method: Gas Chromatography; GC/ECD
method reference: OSHA Analytical Method (OSHA 112)
method classification: Fully Validated
Wipe Sampling Method:
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sampling media: charcoal pad
note: Seal in glass vial for shipment.
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