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Acute infection: A febrile illness usually accompanied by rigors, myalgia, malaise, and retrobulbar headache. Severe disease can include acute hepatitis, pneumonia, and meningoencephalitis. Clinical laboratory findings may include elevated liver enzyme levels and abnormal chest film findings. Asymptomatic infections may also occur.
Chronic infection: Potentially fatal endocarditis may evolve months to years after acute infection, particularly in persons with underlying valvular disease. A chronic fatigue-like syndrome has been reported in some Q fever patients.
Probable: a clinically compatible or epidemiologically linked case with a single supportive Immunoglobulin G (IgG) or Immunoglobulin M (IgM) titer. Cutoff titers are determined by individual laboratories. CDC tests for IgG antibodies with an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), and uses a titer of 1:128 as the cutoff for significant antibody.
Confirmed: a clinically compatible or epidemiologically linked case that is laboratory confirmed.
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