Table 1. Pay relatives for major occupational groups in metropolitan areas, National Compensation Survey, June 2006 (Average pay for all occupations and for each occupational group shown in the Kansas City, MO-KS metropolitan area = 100.) Management, Metropolitan Area1 All business, occupations and financial Kansas City, MO-KS.................... 100 100 Amarillo, TX.......................... 89* 100 Anchorage, AK......................... 111* 112* Atlanta, GA........................... 103 109* Augusta-Aiken, GA-SC.................. 95* 96 Austin-San Marcos, TX................. 96* 98 Birmingham, AL........................ 95* 99 Bloomington, IN....................... 91* 95 Boston-Worcester-Lawrence, MA-NH-ME-CT........................... 113* 118* Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito, TX.................................... 79* 78* Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY............. 101 98 Charleston-North Charleston, SC....... 94* 105 Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC... 102 107 Chicago-Gary-Kenosha, IL-IN-WI........ 109* 112* Cincinnati-Hamilton, OH-KY-IN......... 99 100 Cleveland-Akron, OH................... 102 103 Columbus, OH.......................... 101 108 Corpus Christi, TX.................... 88* 99 Dallas-Fort Worth, TX................. 99 107* Dayton-Springfield, OH................ 99 106* Denver-Boulder-Greeley, CO............ 103 106 Detroit-Ann Arbor-Flint, MI........... 107* 104 Elkhart-Goshen, IN.................... 97* 103 Fort Collins-Loveland, CO............. 101 101 Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland, MI..... 102 99 Great Falls, MT....................... 88* 91* Greensboro-Winston Salem-High Point, NC.................................... 97* 98 Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, SC... 95* 102 Hartford, CT.......................... 113* 116* Hickory-Morganton-Lenoir, NC.......... 96* 95 Honolulu, HI.......................... 106* 113* Houston-Galveston-Brazoria, TX........ 97* 107 Huntsville, AL........................ 97* 101 Indianapolis, IN...................... 98 88 See footnotes at end of table. Table 1. Pay relatives for major occupational groups in metropolitan areas, National Compensation Survey, June 2006 - Continued (Average pay for all occupations and for each occupational group shown in the Kansas City, MO-KS metropolitan area = 100.) Metropolitan Area1 Professional Service and related Kansas City, MO-KS.................... 100 100 Amarillo, TX.......................... 89* 91* Anchorage, AK......................... 105* 127* Atlanta, GA........................... 108* 102 Augusta-Aiken, GA-SC.................. 105* 94* Austin-San Marcos, TX................. 100 97 Birmingham, AL........................ 100 106* Bloomington, IN....................... 102 95* Boston-Worcester-Lawrence, MA-NH-ME-CT........................... 114* 118* Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito, TX.................................... 100 80* Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY............. 96* 111* Charleston-North Charleston, SC....... 100 90* Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC... 98 103 Chicago-Gary-Kenosha, IL-IN-WI........ 113* 112* Cincinnati-Hamilton, OH-KY-IN......... 104 108* Cleveland-Akron, OH................... 106* 102 Columbus, OH.......................... 97 105 Corpus Christi, TX.................... 99 87* Dallas-Fort Worth, TX................. 106* 100 Dayton-Springfield, OH................ 97 101 Denver-Boulder-Greeley, CO............ 108* 103 Detroit-Ann Arbor-Flint, MI........... 110* 106* Elkhart-Goshen, IN.................... 99 101 Fort Collins-Loveland, CO............. 100 98 Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland, MI..... 102 109* Great Falls, MT....................... 80* 98 Greensboro-Winston Salem-High Point, NC.................................... 100 99 Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, SC... 95* 102 Hartford, CT.......................... 114* 125* Hickory-Morganton-Lenoir, NC.......... 94* 94* Honolulu, HI.......................... 109* 115* Houston-Galveston-Brazoria, TX........ 103 91* Huntsville, AL........................ 101 100 Indianapolis, IN...................... 103 102 See footnotes at end of table. Table 1. Pay relatives for major occupational groups in metropolitan areas, National Compensation Survey, June 2006 - Continued (Average pay for all occupations and for each occupational group shown in the Kansas City, MO-KS metropolitan area = 100.) Office and Metropolitan Area1 Sales and administrat- related ive support Kansas City, MO-KS.................... 100 100 Amarillo, TX.......................... 93* 87* Anchorage, AK......................... 112* 106* Atlanta, GA........................... 101 105* Augusta-Aiken, GA-SC.................. 86* 96* Austin-San Marcos, TX................. 103 97 Birmingham, AL........................ 98 96* Bloomington, IN....................... 81* 88* Boston-Worcester-Lawrence, MA-NH-ME-CT........................... 110* 114* Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito, TX.................................... 78* 77* Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY............. 109* 99 Charleston-North Charleston, SC....... 104 93* Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC... 113* 103 Chicago-Gary-Kenosha, IL-IN-WI........ 110* 110* Cincinnati-Hamilton, OH-KY-IN......... 98 98 Cleveland-Akron, OH................... 99 101 Columbus, OH.......................... 109 100 Corpus Christi, TX.................... 91* 85* Dallas-Fort Worth, TX................. 106 99 Dayton-Springfield, OH................ 100 92* Denver-Boulder-Greeley, CO............ 107 103 Detroit-Ann Arbor-Flint, MI........... 104 106* Elkhart-Goshen, IN.................... 98 92* Fort Collins-Loveland, CO............. 110* 102 Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland, MI..... 113* 101 Great Falls, MT....................... 91* 81* Greensboro-Winston Salem-High Point, NC.................................... 89* 97 Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, SC... 94 94* Hartford, CT.......................... 112* 113* Hickory-Morganton-Lenoir, NC.......... 95 96* Honolulu, HI.......................... 109 100 Houston-Galveston-Brazoria, TX........ 99 98 Huntsville, AL........................ 104 96 Indianapolis, IN...................... 99 99 See footnotes at end of table. Table 1. Pay relatives for major occupational groups in metropolitan areas, National Compensation Survey, June 2006 - Continued (Average pay for all occupations and for each occupational group shown in the Kansas City, MO-KS metropolitan area = 100.) Construction Installatio- Metropolitan Area1 and n, extraction maintenance, and repair Kansas City, MO-KS.................... 100 100 Amarillo, TX.......................... 76* 78* Anchorage, AK......................... 115 106 Atlanta, GA........................... 86* 98 Augusta-Aiken, GA-SC.................. 88* 93 Austin-San Marcos, TX................. 81* 95 Birmingham, AL........................ 78* 95 Bloomington, IN....................... 72* 81* Boston-Worcester-Lawrence, MA-NH-ME-CT........................... 115 110 Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito, TX.................................... 62* 75* Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY............. 102 96 Charleston-North Charleston, SC....... 74* 78* Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC... 85* 94 Chicago-Gary-Kenosha, IL-IN-WI........ 115* 109 Cincinnati-Hamilton, OH-KY-IN......... 83 94 Cleveland-Akron, OH................... 93 98 Columbus, OH.......................... 90 96 Corpus Christi, TX.................... 85* 77* Dallas-Fort Worth, TX................. 83* 91 Dayton-Springfield, OH................ 92 102 Denver-Boulder-Greeley, CO............ 84* 100 Detroit-Ann Arbor-Flint, MI........... 101 93 Elkhart-Goshen, IN.................... 101 89 Fort Collins-Loveland, CO............. 91 100 Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland, MI..... 97 92 Great Falls, MT....................... 109 96 Greensboro-Winston Salem-High Point, NC.................................... 84* 94 Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, SC... 76* 80* Hartford, CT.......................... 105 103 Hickory-Morganton-Lenoir, NC.......... 91 87* Honolulu, HI.......................... 104 111 Houston-Galveston-Brazoria, TX........ 84* 91 Huntsville, AL........................ 84* 87 Indianapolis, IN...................... 86* 91 See footnotes at end of table. Table 1. Pay relatives for major occupational groups in metropolitan areas, National Compensation Survey, June 2006 - Continued (Average pay for all occupations and for each occupational group shown in the Kansas City, MO-KS metropolitan area = 100.) Transportat- Metropolitan Area1 Production ion and material moving Kansas City, MO-KS.................... 100 100 Amarillo, TX.......................... 86* 95 Anchorage, AK......................... 110 113* Atlanta, GA........................... 99 110 Augusta-Aiken, GA-SC.................. 94 99 Austin-San Marcos, TX................. 90* 94 Birmingham, AL........................ 83* 102 Bloomington, IN....................... 93* 107 Boston-Worcester-Lawrence, MA-NH-ME-CT........................... 104 114* Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito, TX.................................... 73* 79* Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY............. 107* 104 Charleston-North Charleston, SC....... 97 108* Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC... 99 102 Chicago-Gary-Kenosha, IL-IN-WI........ 100 109* Cincinnati-Hamilton, OH-KY-IN......... 95 102 Cleveland-Akron, OH................... 101 109* Columbus, OH.......................... 92 105 Corpus Christi, TX.................... 85* 89* Dallas-Fort Worth, TX................. 87* 102 Dayton-Springfield, OH................ 103 108* Denver-Boulder-Greeley, CO............ 99 101 Detroit-Ann Arbor-Flint, MI........... 113* 112* Elkhart-Goshen, IN.................... 94 105 Fort Collins-Loveland, CO............. 91* 115* Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland, MI..... 97 104 Great Falls, MT....................... 92* 95 Greensboro-Winston Salem-High Point, NC.................................... 97 107 Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, SC... 100 98 Hartford, CT.......................... 107 111* Hickory-Morganton-Lenoir, NC.......... 96 105 Honolulu, HI.......................... 102 107 Houston-Galveston-Brazoria, TX........ 96 98 Huntsville, AL........................ 95 96 Indianapolis, IN...................... 104 102 See footnotes at end of table. Table 1. Pay relatives for major occupational groups in metropolitan areas, National Compensation Survey, June 2006 - Continued (Average pay for all occupations and for each occupational group shown in the Kansas City, MO-KS metropolitan area = 100.) Management, Metropolitan Area1 All business, occupations and financial Iowa City, IA......................... 99 102 Johnstown, PA......................... 88* 93* Knoxville, TN......................... 94* 111* Lincoln, NE........................... 90* 91* Los Angeles-Riverside-Orange County, CA.................................... 108* 114* Louisville, KY-IN..................... 98* 98 Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay, FL..... 94* 91* Memphis, TN-AR-MS..................... 96* 103 Miami-Fort Lauderdale, FL............. 97 115* Milwaukee-Racine, WI.................. 103* 108 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI........... 109* 109* Mobile, AL............................ 89* 87* New Orleans, LA....................... 96* 97 New York-Northern New Jersey- Long Island, NY-NJ-CT-PA................... 115* 123* Norfolk-VA Beach-Newport News, VA-NC................................. 92* 93* Ocala, FL............................. 91* 94 Oklahoma City, OK..................... 92* 94* Orlando, FL........................... 94* 101 Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic City, PA-NJ-DE-MD........................... 107* 114* Phoenix-Mesa, AZ...................... 98 107 Pittsburgh, PA........................ 97* 98 Portland-Salem, OR-WA................. 105* 112* Providence-Fall River-Warwick, RI-MA................................. 109* 117* Reading, PA........................... 103* 113* Reno, NV.............................. 99 105 Richland-Kennewick-Pasco, WA.......... 105* 103 Richmond-Petersburg, VA............... 99 105 Rochester, NY......................... 99 96 Rockford, IL.......................... 101 97 Sacramento-Yolo, CA................... 107* 110* Salinas, CA........................... 114* 124* San Antonio, TX....................... 90* 100 San Diego, CA......................... 109* 114* See footnotes at end of table. Table 1. Pay relatives for major occupational groups in metropolitan areas, National Compensation Survey, June 2006 - Continued (Average pay for all occupations and for each occupational group shown in the Kansas City, MO-KS metropolitan area = 100.) Metropolitan Area1 Professional Service and related Iowa City, IA......................... 101 107* Johnstown, PA......................... 96* 93* Knoxville, TN......................... 103 88* Lincoln, NE........................... 92* 95* Los Angeles-Riverside-Orange County, CA.................................... 115* 114* Louisville, KY-IN..................... 101 108* Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay, FL..... 86* 106* Memphis, TN-AR-MS..................... 97 96* Miami-Fort Lauderdale, FL............. 100 100 Milwaukee-Racine, WI.................. 102 105 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI........... 110* 124* Mobile, AL............................ 90* 88* New Orleans, LA....................... 102 95* New York-Northern New Jersey- Long Island, NY-NJ-CT-PA................... 122* 120* Norfolk-VA Beach-Newport News, VA-NC................................. 95* 99 Ocala, FL............................. 92* 96* Oklahoma City, OK..................... 89* 96* Orlando, FL........................... 93* 98 Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic City, PA-NJ-DE-MD........................... 113* 110* Phoenix-Mesa, AZ...................... 107 100 Pittsburgh, PA........................ 102 103 Portland-Salem, OR-WA................. 100 117* Providence-Fall River-Warwick, RI-MA................................. 117* 118* Reading, PA........................... 99 105* Reno, NV.............................. 100 104* Richland-Kennewick-Pasco, WA.......... 100 118* Richmond-Petersburg, VA............... 101 103 Rochester, NY......................... 103 109* Rockford, IL.......................... 102 103 Sacramento-Yolo, CA................... 112* 117* Salinas, CA........................... 127* 120* San Antonio, TX....................... 96* 92* San Diego, CA......................... 116* 118* See footnotes at end of table. Table 1. Pay relatives for major occupational groups in metropolitan areas, National Compensation Survey, June 2006 - Continued (Average pay for all occupations and for each occupational group shown in the Kansas City, MO-KS metropolitan area = 100.) Office and Metropolitan Area1 Sales and administrat- related ive support Iowa City, IA......................... 95 101 Johnstown, PA......................... 89* 85* Knoxville, TN......................... 102 95* Lincoln, NE........................... 88* 87* Los Angeles-Riverside-Orange County, CA.................................... 119* 107* Louisville, KY-IN..................... 103 98 Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay, FL..... 99 89* Memphis, TN-AR-MS..................... 108* 98 Miami-Fort Lauderdale, FL............. 98 97 Milwaukee-Racine, WI.................. 106 105 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI........... 113* 104 Mobile, AL............................ 98 90* New Orleans, LA....................... 104 97* New York-Northern New Jersey- Long Island, NY-NJ-CT-PA................... 116* 115* Norfolk-VA Beach-Newport News, VA-NC................................. 97 92* Ocala, FL............................. 96 89* Oklahoma City, OK..................... 96 90* Orlando, FL........................... 105 91* Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic City, PA-NJ-DE-MD........................... 104 106* Phoenix-Mesa, AZ...................... 110 101 Pittsburgh, PA........................ 92 98 Portland-Salem, OR-WA................. 114* 106 Providence-Fall River-Warwick, RI-MA................................. 106 106* Reading, PA........................... 110* 103 Reno, NV.............................. 104 100 Richland-Kennewick-Pasco, WA.......... 109* 100 Richmond-Petersburg, VA............... 103 99 Rochester, NY......................... 99 98 Rockford, IL.......................... 104 97 Sacramento-Yolo, CA................... 105 104 Salinas, CA........................... 134* 112* San Antonio, TX....................... 87* 92* San Diego, CA......................... 110* 106* See footnotes at end of table. Table 1. Pay relatives for major occupational groups in metropolitan areas, National Compensation Survey, June 2006 - Continued (Average pay for all occupations and for each occupational group shown in the Kansas City, MO-KS metropolitan area = 100.) Construction Installatio- Metropolitan Area1 and n, extraction maintenance, and repair Iowa City, IA......................... 93 98 Johnstown, PA......................... 89 85* Knoxville, TN......................... 78* 83* Lincoln, NE........................... 79* 89 Los Angeles-Riverside-Orange County, CA.................................... 101 102 Louisville, KY-IN..................... 101 90 Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay, FL..... 85* 97 Memphis, TN-AR-MS..................... 87* 94 Miami-Fort Lauderdale, FL............. 83* 89 Milwaukee-Racine, WI.................. 101 97 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI........... 105 103 Mobile, AL............................ 86* 93 New Orleans, LA....................... 83* 87* New York-Northern New Jersey- Long Island, NY-NJ-CT-PA................... 118* 109 Norfolk-VA Beach-Newport News, VA-NC................................. 80* 90 Ocala, FL............................. 76* 101 Oklahoma City, OK..................... 93 103 Orlando, FL........................... 84* 89 Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic City, PA-NJ-DE-MD........................... 98 107 Phoenix-Mesa, AZ...................... 76* 96 Pittsburgh, PA........................ 89 92 Portland-Salem, OR-WA................. 105 106 Providence-Fall River-Warwick, RI-MA................................. 95 103 Reading, PA........................... 94 96 Reno, NV.............................. 89 106 Richland-Kennewick-Pasco, WA.......... 102 89 Richmond-Petersburg, VA............... 85* 95 Rochester, NY......................... 86* 85* Rockford, IL.......................... 102 99 Sacramento-Yolo, CA................... 95 113 Salinas, CA........................... 121* 106 San Antonio, TX....................... 89 93 San Diego, CA......................... 99 103 See footnotes at end of table. Table 1. Pay relatives for major occupational groups in metropolitan areas, National Compensation Survey, June 2006 - Continued (Average pay for all occupations and for each occupational group shown in the Kansas City, MO-KS metropolitan area = 100.) Transportat- Metropolitan Area1 Production ion and material moving Iowa City, IA......................... 97 99 Johnstown, PA......................... 81* 84* Knoxville, TN......................... 85* 99 Lincoln, NE........................... 87* 94 Los Angeles-Riverside-Orange County, CA.................................... 95 106 Louisville, KY-IN..................... 95 97 Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay, FL..... 101 106 Memphis, TN-AR-MS..................... 93* 99 Miami-Fort Lauderdale, FL............. 93* 101 Milwaukee-Racine, WI.................. 101 110* Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI........... 112* 110* Mobile, AL............................ 92* 94 New Orleans, LA....................... 91* 104 New York-Northern New Jersey- Long Island, NY-NJ-CT-PA................... 100 113* Norfolk-VA Beach-Newport News, VA-NC................................. 90* 92* Ocala, FL............................. 91* 106 Oklahoma City, OK..................... 85* 90* Orlando, FL........................... 82 109 Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic City, PA-NJ-DE-MD........................... 96 111* Phoenix-Mesa, AZ...................... 92* 103 Pittsburgh, PA........................ 95 99 Portland-Salem, OR-WA................. 97 103 Providence-Fall River-Warwick, RI-MA................................. 107* 109* Reading, PA........................... 95 105 Reno, NV.............................. 94 104 Richland-Kennewick-Pasco, WA.......... 94 104 Richmond-Petersburg, VA............... 97 103 Rochester, NY......................... 96 103 Rockford, IL.......................... 99 107 Sacramento-Yolo, CA................... 106 111* Salinas, CA........................... 91* 107 San Antonio, TX....................... 92* 88* San Diego, CA......................... 100 104 See footnotes at end of table. Table 1. Pay relatives for major occupational groups in metropolitan areas, National Compensation Survey, June 2006 - Continued (Average pay for all occupations and for each occupational group shown in the Kansas City, MO-KS metropolitan area = 100.) Management, Metropolitan Area1 All business, occupations and financial San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, CA.... 120* 123* Seattle-Tacoma-Bremerton, WA.......... 110* 111* Springfield, MA....................... 110* 112* Springfield, MO....................... 88* 88* St. Louis, MO-IL...................... 102 104 Tallahassee, FL....................... 92* 87* Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL... 96* 96 Visalia-Tulare-Porterville, CA........ 100 109* Washington-Baltimore, DC-MD-VA-WV..... 109* 111* York, PA.............................. 98* 110* Youngstown-Warren, OH................. 97* 103 See footnotes at end of table. Table 1. Pay relatives for major occupational groups in metropolitan areas, National Compensation Survey, June 2006 - Continued (Average pay for all occupations and for each occupational group shown in the Kansas City, MO-KS metropolitan area = 100.) Metropolitan Area1 Professional Service and related San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, CA.... 123* 128* Seattle-Tacoma-Bremerton, WA.......... 105* 124* Springfield, MA....................... 115* 110* Springfield, MO....................... 93* 88* St. Louis, MO-IL...................... 104 98 Tallahassee, FL....................... 95* 101 Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL... 96 100 Visalia-Tulare-Porterville, CA........ 104* 106* Washington-Baltimore, DC-MD-VA-WV..... 113* 111* York, PA.............................. 103 103 Youngstown-Warren, OH................. 98 95* See footnotes at end of table. Table 1. Pay relatives for major occupational groups in metropolitan areas, National Compensation Survey, June 2006 - Continued (Average pay for all occupations and for each occupational group shown in the Kansas City, MO-KS metropolitan area = 100.) Office and Metropolitan Area1 Sales and administrat- related ive support San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, CA.... 128* 122* Seattle-Tacoma-Bremerton, WA.......... 115* 108* Springfield, MA....................... 117* 111* Springfield, MO....................... 94 87* St. Louis, MO-IL...................... 103 99 Tallahassee, FL....................... 96 91* Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL... 102 100 Visalia-Tulare-Porterville, CA........ 105 98 Washington-Baltimore, DC-MD-VA-WV..... 110* 112* York, PA.............................. 94 95* Youngstown-Warren, OH................. 96 93* See footnotes at end of table. Table 1. Pay relatives for major occupational groups in metropolitan areas, National Compensation Survey, June 2006 - Continued (Average pay for all occupations and for each occupational group shown in the Kansas City, MO-KS metropolitan area = 100.) Construction Installatio- Metropolitan Area1 and n, extraction maintenance, and repair San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, CA.... 112 112 Seattle-Tacoma-Bremerton, WA.......... 103 102 Springfield, MA....................... 97 105 Springfield, MO....................... 71* 87* St. Louis, MO-IL...................... 108 102 Tallahassee, FL....................... 81* 83* Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL... 89 90 Visalia-Tulare-Porterville, CA........ 85* 90 Washington-Baltimore, DC-MD-VA-WV..... 92 111 York, PA.............................. 94 94 Youngstown-Warren, OH................. 92 91 See footnotes at end of table. Table 1. Pay relatives for major occupational groups in metropolitan areas, National Compensation Survey, June 2006 - Continued (Average pay for all occupations and for each occupational group shown in the Kansas City, MO-KS metropolitan area = 100.) Transportat- Metropolitan Area1 Production ion and material moving San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, CA.... 104 112* Seattle-Tacoma-Bremerton, WA.......... 113* 116* Springfield, MA....................... 104 118* Springfield, MO....................... 90* 92* St. Louis, MO-IL...................... 100 112 Tallahassee, FL....................... 91* 96 Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL... 89* 106 Visalia-Tulare-Porterville, CA........ 100 100 Washington-Baltimore, DC-MD-VA-WV..... 104 109 York, PA.............................. 92* 106 Youngstown-Warren, OH................. 98 114* * The pay relative for this area is significantly different from the average in the metropolitan area at the 10 percent level of significance. For additional details, see the Technical Note at http://www.bls.gov/news.release/ncspay.tn.htm. 1 A metropolitan area can be a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) or Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area (CMSA) as defined by the Office of Management and Budget, 1994.