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Union Membership in New England, 2008
Table 1. Union affiliation of employed wage and salary workers by state (Numbers in thousands)
State |
2007 |
2008 |
Total employed |
Members of unions1 |
Represented by unions2 |
Total employed |
Members of unions1 |
Represented by unions2 |
Total |
Percent of employed |
Total |
Percent of employed |
Total |
Percent of employed |
Total |
Percent of employed |
Alabama |
1,895 |
180 |
9.5 |
201 |
10.6 |
1,858 |
181 |
9.8 |
199 |
10.7 |
Alaska |
284 |
68 |
23.8 |
70 |
24.7 |
289 |
68 |
23.5 |
71 |
24.7 |
Arizona |
2,619 |
230 |
8.8 |
255 |
9.7 |
2,579 |
227 |
8.8 |
254 |
9.8 |
Arkansas |
1,154 |
62 |
5.4 |
75 |
6.5 |
1,158 |
68 |
5.9 |
85 |
7.3 |
California |
14,856 |
2,474 |
16.7 |
2,650 |
17.8 |
14,889 |
2,740 |
18.4 |
2,909 |
19.5 |
Colorado |
2,204 |
191 |
8.7 |
202 |
9.2 |
2,254 |
181 |
8.0 |
208 |
9.2 |
Connecticut |
1,617 |
253 |
15.6 |
269 |
16.6 |
1,625 |
275 |
16.9 |
291 |
17.9 |
Delaware |
396 |
47 |
12.0 |
50 |
12.8 |
391 |
52 |
13.4 |
57 |
14.7 |
District of Columbia |
278 |
29 |
10.3 |
38 |
13.6 |
288 |
35 |
12.2 |
41 |
14.3 |
Florida |
7,741 |
455 |
5.9 |
562 |
7.3 |
7,573 |
482 |
6.4 |
601 |
7.9 |
Georgia |
4,181 |
186 |
4.4 |
226 |
5.4 |
4,084 |
151 |
3.7 |
189 |
4.6 |
Hawaii |
556 |
130 |
23.4 |
135 |
24.2 |
562 |
136 |
24.3 |
143 |
25.5 |
Idaho |
635 |
33 |
5.3 |
41 |
6.4 |
602 |
42 |
7.1 |
48 |
8.0 |
Illinois |
5,802 |
842 |
14.5 |
884 |
15.2 |
5,662 |
939 |
16.6 |
993 |
17.5 |
Indiana |
2,779 |
333 |
12.0 |
359 |
12.9 |
2,811 |
349 |
12.4 |
386 |
13.7 |
Iowa |
1,417 |
149 |
10.5 |
185 |
13.1 |
1,437 |
153 |
10.6 |
187 |
13.0 |
Kansas |
1,274 |
89 |
7.0 |
110 |
8.7 |
1,273 |
89 |
7.0 |
111 |
8.7 |
Kentucky |
1,734 |
157 |
9.1 |
192 |
11.1 |
1,703 |
146 |
8.6 |
163 |
9.6 |
Louisiana |
1,670 |
94 |
5.6 |
108 |
6.5 |
1,724 |
80 |
4.6 |
97 |
5.6 |
Maine |
574 |
67 |
11.7 |
79 |
13.8 |
574 |
71 |
12.3 |
84 |
14.7 |
Maryland |
2,598 |
335 |
12.9 |
376 |
14.5 |
2,610 |
329 |
12.6 |
380 |
14.5 |
Massachusetts |
2,882 |
379 |
13.2 |
402 |
14.0 |
2,909 |
458 |
15.7 |
491 |
16.9 |
Michigan |
4,193 |
819 |
19.5 |
865 |
20.6 |
4,089 |
771 |
18.8 |
801 |
19.6 |
Minnesota |
2,460 |
400 |
16.3 |
419 |
17.0 |
2,430 |
392 |
16.1 |
412 |
17.0 |
Mississippi |
1,068 |
72 |
6.7 |
95 |
8.9 |
1,089 |
57 |
5.3 |
79 |
7.3 |
Missouri |
2,585 |
275 |
10.7 |
308 |
11.9 |
2,543 |
285 |
11.2 |
327 |
12.8 |
Montana |
399 |
54 |
13.5 |
62 |
15.6 |
389 |
47 |
12.2 |
61 |
15.7 |
Nebraska |
836 |
65 |
7.8 |
81 |
9.7 |
840 |
70 |
8.3 |
90 |
10.7 |
Nevada |
1,177 |
182 |
15.4 |
208 |
17.7 |
1,192 |
199 |
16.7 |
217 |
18.2 |
New Hampshire |
631 |
61 |
9.7 |
70 |
11.2 |
635 |
67 |
10.6 |
79 |
12.4 |
New Jersey |
3,897 |
748 |
19.2 |
802 |
20.6 |
3,843 |
703 |
18.3 |
731 |
19.0 |
New Mexico |
800 |
62 |
7.7 |
91 |
11.4 |
807 |
58 |
7.2 |
94 |
11.6 |
New York |
8,150 |
2,055 |
25.2 |
2,146 |
26.3 |
8,165 |
2,029 |
24.9 |
2,170 |
26.6 |
North Carolina |
3,771 |
114 |
3.0 |
147 |
3.9 |
3,799 |
132 |
3.5 |
189 |
5.0 |
North Dakota |
303 |
19 |
6.4 |
23 |
7.6 |
308 |
19 |
6.1 |
25 |
8.2 |
Ohio |
5,187 |
730 |
14.1 |
797 |
15.4 |
5,046 |
716 |
14.2 |
783 |
15.5 |
Oklahoma |
1,456 |
103 |
7.1 |
124 |
8.5 |
1,529 |
102 |
6.6 |
127 |
8.3 |
Oregon |
1,582 |
227 |
14.3 |
243 |
15.4 |
1,566 |
259 |
16.6 |
272 |
17.4 |
Pennsylvania |
5,496 |
830 |
15.1 |
910 |
16.6 |
5,504 |
847 |
15.4 |
899 |
16.3 |
Rhode Island |
497 |
75 |
15.0 |
78 |
15.8 |
471 |
78 |
16.5 |
82 |
17.4 |
South Carolina |
1,873 |
78 |
4.1 |
111 |
5.9 |
1,792 |
70 |
3.9 |
105 |
5.8 |
South Dakota |
354 |
23 |
6.5 |
27 |
7.7 |
369 |
18 |
5.0 |
24 |
6.4 |
Tennessee |
2,596 |
138 |
5.3 |
166 |
6.4 |
2,534 |
139 |
5.5 |
166 |
6.6 |
Texas |
9,899 |
463 |
4.7 |
566 |
5.7 |
9,991 |
449 |
4.5 |
559 |
5.6 |
Utah |
1,153 |
67 |
5.8 |
78 |
6.8 |
1,178 |
68 |
5.8 |
84 |
7.1 |
Vermont |
288 |
30 |
10.4 |
35 |
12.2 |
284 |
29 |
10.4 |
36 |
12.8 |
Virginia |
3,502 |
129 |
3.7 |
167 |
4.8 |
3,597 |
146 |
4.1 |
178 |
5.0 |
Washington |
2,874 |
579 |
20.2 |
616 |
21.4 |
2,912 |
578 |
19.8 |
626 |
21.5 |
West Virginia |
724 |
97 |
13.3 |
107 |
14.7 |
736 |
101 |
13.8 |
112 |
15.3 |
Wisconsin |
2,631 |
376 |
14.3 |
405 |
15.4 |
2,642 |
396 |
15.0 |
422 |
16.0 |
Wyoming |
239 |
19 |
7.9 |
22 |
9.4 |
241 |
19 |
7.7 |
21 |
8.9 |
¹ Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association
similar to a union.
² Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association
similar to a union as well as workers who report no union affiliation but
whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract.
NOTE: Data refer to the sole or principal
job of full- and part-time workers. Excluded are all self-employed workers
regardless of whether or not their businesses are incorporated. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
Table 2. Union membership1 of employed wage and salary workers in the U.S. and New England states, annual average, 2003 and 2008 (Numbers in thousands)
State |
2003 |
2008 |
2003 to 2008 Membership |
Total members |
Percent of employed |
Total members |
Percent of employed |
Net change |
Percent change |
United States |
15,776 |
12.9 |
16,098 |
12.4 |
322 |
2.0 |
Connecticut |
229 |
15.4 |
275 |
16.9 |
46 |
20.1 |
Maine |
73 |
12.8 |
71 |
12.3 |
-2 |
-2.7 |
Massachusetts |
416 |
14.2 |
458 |
15.7 |
42 |
10.1 |
New Hampshire |
56 |
9.3 |
67 |
10.6 |
11 |
19.6 |
Rhode Island |
84 |
17.0 |
78 |
16.5 |
-6 |
-7.1 |
Vermont |
27 |
9.7 |
29 |
10.4 |
2 |
7.4 |
Table 3. Union representation2 of employed wage and salary workers in the U.S. and New England states, annual averages, 2003 and 2008 (Numbers in thousands)
State |
2003 |
2008 |
2003 to 2008 Represented |
Total represented |
Percent of employed |
Total represented |
Percent of employed |
Net change |
Percent change |
United States |
17,448 |
14.3 |
17,761 |
13.7 |
313 |
1.8 |
Connecticut |
244 |
16.4 |
291 |
17.9 |
47 |
19.3 |
Maine |
81 |
14.3 |
84 |
14.7 |
3 |
3.7 |
Massachusetts |
454 |
15.5 |
491 |
16.9 |
37 |
8.1 |
New Hampshire |
69 |
11.3 |
79 |
12.4 |
10 |
14.5 |
Rhode Island |
86 |
17.5 |
82 |
17.4 |
-4 |
-4.7 |
Vermont |
33 |
11.7 |
36 |
12.8 |
3 |
9.1 |
¹ Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association
similar to a union.
² Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association
similar to a union as well as workers who are not members but whose jobs
are covered by a union or employee association contract.
NOTES: Data refer to the sole or principal job of full- and part-time
workers. Excluded are All self-employed workers regardless of whether
or not their businesses are incorporated. Updated population controls are
introduced annually with the release of January data.
Table 4. Union affiliation of employed wage and salary workers by state, annual averages 1989-2008 (Numbers in thousands)
Year |
Connecticut |
Total employed |
Members of Unions |
Represented by Unions |
Total |
Percent of employed |
Total |
Percent of employed |
1989 |
1,533 |
284 |
18.5 |
297 |
19.4 |
1990 |
1,573 |
277 |
17.6 |
309 |
19.7 |
1991 |
1,548 |
292 |
18.9 |
310 |
20.0 |
1992 |
1,500 |
267 |
17.8 |
285 |
19.0 |
1993 |
1,500 |
281 |
18.7 |
300 |
20.0 |
1994 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1995 |
1,427 |
288 |
20.2 |
296 |
20.7 |
1996 |
1,454 |
239 |
16.5 |
250 |
17.2 |
1997 |
1,469 |
248 |
16.9 |
262 |
17.9 |
1998 |
1,501 |
263 |
17.5 |
272 |
18.1 |
1999 |
1,455 |
264 |
18.2 |
279 |
19.2 |
2000 |
1,508 |
246 |
16.3 |
262 |
17.4 |
2001 |
1,555 |
246 |
15.8 |
260 |
16.7 |
2002 |
1,534 |
258 |
16.8 |
271 |
17.7 |
2003 |
1,489 |
229 |
15.4 |
244 |
16.4 |
2004 |
1,539 |
235 |
15.3 |
256 |
16.6 |
2005 |
1,550 |
247 |
15.9 |
263 |
17.0 |
2006 |
1,591 |
247 |
15.6 |
263 |
17.0 |
2007 |
1,617 |
253 |
15.6 |
269 |
16.6 |
2008 |
1,625 |
275 |
16.9 |
291 |
17.9 |
Table 4. Union affiliation of employed wage and salary workers by state, annual averages 1989-2008 (Numbers in thousands)
Year |
Maine |
Total employed |
Members of Unions |
Represented by Unions |
Total |
Percent of employed |
Total |
Percent of employed |
1989 |
506 |
77 |
15.2 |
87 |
17.2 |
1990 |
507 |
88 |
17.4 |
107 |
21.1 |
1991 |
489 |
89 |
18.2 |
102 |
20.9 |
1992 |
510 |
76 |
14.8 |
87 |
17.1 |
1993 |
494 |
69 |
14.0 |
79 |
16.0 |
1994 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1995 |
502 |
78 |
15.6 |
89 |
17.8 |
1996 |
535 |
77 |
14.5 |
88 |
16.4 |
1997 |
532 |
72 |
13.5 |
80 |
15.0 |
1998 |
526 |
66 |
12.6 |
75 |
14.3 |
1999 |
544 |
84 |
15.4 |
93 |
17.1 |
2000 |
556 |
78 |
14.0 |
92 |
16.6 |
2001 |
569 |
73 |
12.9 |
83 |
14.6 |
2002 |
581 |
75 |
13.0 |
87 |
15.0 |
2003 |
567 |
73 |
12.8 |
81 |
14.3 |
2004 |
564 |
64 |
11.3 |
74 |
13.2 |
2005 |
582 |
69 |
11.9 |
79 |
13.6 |
2006 |
584 |
69 |
11.9 |
79 |
13.5 |
2007 |
574 |
67 |
11.7 |
79 |
13.8 |
2008 |
574 |
71 |
12.3 |
84 |
14.7 |
Table 4. Union affiliation of employed wage and salary workers by state, annual averages, 1989-2008 (Numbers in thousands)
Year |
Massachusetts |
Total employed |
Members of Unions |
Represented by Unions |
Total |
Percent of employed |
Total |
Percent of employed |
1989 |
2,725 |
478 |
17.5 |
513 |
18.8 |
1990 |
2,735 |
479 |
17.5 |
513 |
18.8 |
1991 |
2,557 |
445 |
17.4 |
479 |
18.7 |
1992 |
2,557 |
434 |
17.0 |
468 |
18.3 |
1993 |
2,642 |
453 |
17.2 |
487 |
18.4 |
1994 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1995 |
2,649 |
428 |
16.2 |
471 |
17.8 |
1996 |
2,703 |
415 |
15.4 |
455 |
16.8 |
1997 |
2,794 |
423 |
15.1 |
463 |
16.6 |
1998 |
2,844 |
453 |
15.9 |
494 |
17.4 |
1999 |
2,875 |
465 |
16.2 |
492 |
17.1 |
2000 |
2,841 |
406 |
14.3 |
445 |
15.7 |
2001 |
2,940 |
433 |
14.7 |
468 |
15.9 |
2002 |
2,999 |
427 |
14.2 |
464 |
15.5 |
2003 |
2,925 |
416 |
14.2 |
454 |
15.5 |
2004 |
2,920 |
393 |
13.5 |
430 |
14.7 |
2005 |
2,886 |
402 |
13.9 |
431 |
14.9 |
2006 |
2,859 |
414 |
14.5 |
438 |
15.3 |
2007 |
2,882 |
379 |
13.2 |
402 |
14.0 |
2008 |
2,909 |
458 |
15.7 |
491 |
16.9 |
Table 4. Union affiliation of employed wage and salary workers by state, annual averages 1989-2008 (Numbers in thousands)
Year |
New Hampshire |
Total employed |
Members of Unions |
Represented by Unions |
Total |
Percent of employed |
Total |
Percent of employed |
1989 |
509 |
59 |
11.6 |
68 |
13.3 |
1990 |
516 |
59 |
11.4 |
67 |
13.0 |
1991 |
506 |
58 |
11.5 |
67 |
13.2 |
1992 |
498 |
48 |
9.7 |
61 |
12.2 |
1993 |
518 |
43 |
8.2 |
54 |
10.5 |
1994 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1995 |
528 |
67 |
12.6 |
76 |
14.5 |
1996 |
514 |
57 |
11.2 |
65 |
12.6 |
1997 |
544 |
56 |
10.2 |
63 |
11.5 |
1998 |
559 |
62 |
11.0 |
71 |
12.6 |
1999 |
565 |
60 |
10.6 |
69 |
12.2 |
2000 |
576 |
60 |
10.4 |
67 |
11.6 |
2001 |
609 |
61 |
10.0 |
70 |
11.4 |
2002 |
613 |
60 |
9.8 |
68 |
11.2 |
2003 |
607 |
56 |
9.3 |
69 |
11.3 |
2004 |
618 |
61 |
9.9 |
68 |
11.0 |
2005 |
627 |
65 |
10.4 |
72 |
11.5 |
2006 |
620 |
63 |
10.1 |
70 |
11.3 |
2007 |
631 |
61 |
9.7 |
70 |
11.2 |
2008 |
635 |
67 |
10.6 |
79 |
12.4 |
Table 4. Union affiliation of employed wage and salary workers by state, annual averages 1989-2008 (Numbers in thousands)
Year |
Rhode Island |
Total employed |
Members of Unions |
Represented by Unions |
Total |
Percent of employed |
Total |
Percent of employed |
1989 |
457 |
85 |
18.7 |
89 |
19.4 |
1990 |
434 |
78 |
18.0 |
84 |
19.4 |
1991 |
417 |
86 |
20.6 |
91 |
21.9 |
1992 |
425 |
84 |
19.7 |
91 |
21.4 |
1993 |
417 |
75 |
17.9 |
78 |
18.6 |
1994 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1995 |
403 |
78 |
19.4 |
84 |
20.8 |
1996 |
424 |
81 |
19.1 |
85 |
20.1 |
1997 |
434 |
81 |
18.7 |
85 |
19.5 |
1998 |
427 |
81 |
19.0 |
84 |
19.6 |
1999 |
433 |
77 |
17.7 |
81 |
18.8 |
2000 |
438 |
80 |
18.2 |
83 |
18.8 |
2001 |
466 |
83 |
17.8 |
86 |
18.5 |
2002 |
471 |
81 |
17.3 |
84 |
17.9 |
2003 |
494 |
84 |
17.0 |
86 |
17.5 |
2004 |
487 |
79 |
16.3 |
83 |
17.0 |
2005 |
494 |
79 |
15.9 |
83 |
16.8 |
2006 |
498 |
76 |
15.3 |
79 |
16.0 |
2007 |
497 |
75 |
15.0 |
78 |
15.8 |
2008 |
471 |
78 |
16.5 |
82 |
17.4 |
Table 4. Union affiliation of employed wage and salary workers by state, annual averages 1989-2008 (Numbers in thousands)
Year |
Vermont |
Total employed |
Members of Unions |
Represented by Unions |
Total |
Percent of employed |
Total |
Percent of employed |
1989 |
245 |
29 |
11.9 |
37 |
15.2 |
1990 |
233 |
29 |
12.6 |
35 |
15.1 |
1991 |
235 |
27 |
11.6 |
34 |
14.4 |
1992 |
243 |
26 |
10.5 |
32 |
13.0 |
1993 |
253 |
25 |
9.9 |
30 |
11.9 |
1994 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1995 |
255 |
24 |
9.3 |
29 |
11.5 |
1996 |
257 |
25 |
9.7 |
29 |
11.3 |
1997 |
258 |
22 |
8.5 |
26 |
10.0 |
1998 |
268 |
25 |
9.4 |
29 |
11.0 |
1999 |
273 |
26 |
9.7 |
29 |
10.8 |
2000 |
274 |
28 |
10.3 |
34 |
12.4 |
2001 |
283 |
31 |
10.8 |
35 |
12.3 |
2002 |
289 |
28 |
9.6 |
32 |
11.1 |
2003 |
281 |
27 |
9.7 |
33 |
11.7 |
2004 |
291 |
29 |
9.8 |
33 |
11.4 |
2005 |
287 |
31 |
10.8 |
37 |
13.0 |
2006 |
305 |
34 |
11.0 |
39 |
12.9 |
2007 |
288 |
30 |
10.4 |
35 |
12.2 |
2008 |
284 |
29 |
10.4 |
36 |
12.8 |
NOTE: Union members refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union.
Those represented by unions include union members as well as workers who are not members but whose
jobs are covered by a union or employee association contract. Data refer to the sole or principal job.
All self-employed workers are excluded, regardless of whether their businesses are incorporated.
State estimates are not available for 1994. Beginning in 2000, data reflect population controls from Census 2000
and new industry and occupational classification systems.
SOURCE: Current Population Survey (CPS)
Last Modified Date: February 6, 2008
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