Internet Address: http://www.bls.gov/ro2/ For Release: March 29, 2006 Fax-On-Demand: (212) 337-2412 Media Contact: Michael L. Dolfman,(212) 337-2500 Information: Martin Kohli,(212) 337-2420
OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES IN THE ALBANY-
SCHENECTADY-TROY AREA, NOVEMBER 2004
Workers in the Albany-Schenectady-Troy metropolitan statistical
area had an average (mean) hourly wage of $18.48 in November 2004;
this compares to the nationwide average of $18.00, according to the
U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics.1 Regional
Commissioner Michael L. Dolfman reported that wages in the Albany
area were significantly higher than their respective national
averages in 8 of the 22 major occupational groups and significantly
below in 7 others. In addition, employment was more highly
concentrated in 9 of the 22 occupational groups in the Albany area
than nationally, while 8 other occupational groups had a below-
average national presence. (For a complete listing of occupations in
the Albany area with wages and employment shares significantly
different from their respective national averages, see the
"Reliability of the Estimates" section in the Technical Note.)
These statistics for wage and salary workers are from the
Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) survey, a federal-state
cooperative program between BLS and State Workforce Agencies. The
OES survey provides estimates of employment, hourly wages, and annual
wages for 22 major occupational groups and about 800 detailed
occupations for the nation, the states, and 334 metropolitan areas.
Occupational wages in the Albany-Schenectady-Troy area
Management and legal occupations were the two highest-paid
occupational groups in the Albany area in November 2004, with
management positions averaging $41.41 an hour and the legal
profession, $35.87. (See chart 1.) Nationwide, these were also the
two highest-paying occupational groups, with earnings of $41.87 in
management and $39.03 in legal occupations. Within the management
group in Albany, hourly wages varied widely. Three occupations, for
example, had hourly rates over $50.00 (chief executives, construction
managers, and engineering managers) and four had rates under $25.00
(education administrators, preschool and child care center/program;,
food service managers;, funeral directors;, and lodging managers).
(See table 1.)
Food preparation and serving related occupations were the lowest-
paid group in both Albany, $9.02, and the nation, $8.47. Within this
group locally, chefs and head cooks were the highest paid, earning
$17.87 an hour, while dishwashers, earning $7.33, were at the lower
end of the pay scale.
Protective service jobs were paid $19.50 an hour in the Albany
area, $2.56 an hour more than they made nationally. (See table A.)
On the other hand, legal occupations, at $35.87 an hour in Albany,
were $3.16 an hour below the national average. Two other groups in
the Albany area, computer and mathematical, and business and
financial operations, had average hourly wages that were more than
$2.00 less than their respective national averages.
Wage comparisons to the Trenton and Hartford areas
Like Albany, Trenton and Hartford are state capitals in the
Northeastern region of the nation. Workers in the Trenton and
Hartford metropolitan areas had average hourly wages of $22.18 and
$21.48, respectively, both appreciably higher than the $18.00
national average. Wages in Trenton
were significantly higher than the nationwide averages in 17 of the
22 major occupational groups; in Hartford, wages were significantly
higher in 18 of the groups. (See the "Reliability of the Estimates"
section in the Technical Note for a listing of statistically
significant differences.) Similar to the Albany area, wages in
Trenton and Hartford were highest in the management and legal
occupations. It should be noted that this was also true at the
national level.
In the Trenton area, the management and protective service
occupational groups were paid $49.74 and $23.86 an hour,
respectively. This was considerably above the national averages of
$41.87 for management and $16.94 for protective service workers.
Nine other groups (community and social service; construction and
extraction; healthcare practitioner and technical; sales and related;
education, training, and library; business and financial operations;
installation, maintenance, and repair; life, physical, and social
science; and office and administrative support) had wages with
significant differences of $2.00 an hour or more above the national
group average.
Table A. Occupational wages by major occupational group, United States
Albany-Schenectady-Troy, Hartford, and Trenton metropolitan areas, November 2004
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Average hourly wage
Occupational group ----------------------------------------
Albany-
Schenec-
United tady-
States Troy Hartford Trenton
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total $18.00 $18.48 $21.48 $22.18
Management 41.87 41.41 47.06 49.74
Business and financial operations 27.46 25.23 29.23 29.86
Computer and mathematical 31.91 29.35 33.15 32.41
Architecture and engineering 30.32 28.94 31.22 31.09
Life, physical, and social science 27.67 27.09 30.04 29.76
Community and social services 17.81 18.30 21.79 23.03
Legal 39.03 35.87 44.30 41.23
Education, training, and library 20.58 21.27 23.96 23.32
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and
media 21.07 21.06 21.55 22.90
Healthcare practitioners and technical 28.03 26.82 31.82 31.51
Healthcare support 11.30 11.72 13.58 13.02
Protective service 16.94 19.50 18.75 23.86
Food preparation and serving related 8.47 9.02 9.95 9.42
Building and grounds cleaning and
maintenance 10.42 11.03 12.21 11.76
Personal care and service 10.62 10.10 12.29 11.89
Sales and related 15.52 14.12 18.23 18.39
Office and administrative support 14.13 14.44 16.32 16.16
Farming, fishing, and forestry 9.94 10.02 11.21 10.81
Construction and extraction 18.21 19.64 22.00 21.87
Installation, maintenance, and repair 18.09 18.18 20.25 20.40
Production 14.18 14.69 16.44 15.44
Transportation and material moving 13.58 14.22 14.30 13.39
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
In the Hartford area, the legal and management occupational
groups had wages that averaged more than $5.00 above their respective
national averages. Ten other groups had wage differences of $2.00 per
hour or more. These 10 groups included 8 of the 9 occupations listed
above for Trenton, the exception being business and financial
operations; additions to this list were healthcare support and
production. The high degree of overlap indicates that the Hartford
and Trenton areas had similar wage structures.
Occupational employment in the Albany-Schenectady-Troy area
The largest major occupational group in Albany was office and
administrative support with a total of 89,020 workers representing
19.9 percent of the employed in the area. (See chart 2.) Albany's
employment share of office and administrative workers was
significantly above the national distribution of 17.5 percent, which
was also the largest employment share nationwide. Within the office
and administrative support group, office clerks were the most
numerous (12,720) in Albany, followed by secretaries except legal,
medical, and executive (9,760) and bookkeeping, accounting, and
auditing clerks (7,220). The above-average presence of
administrative support jobs, in part, reflects the Albany area's high
concentration of government jobs.
Workers with jobs in education, training, and library comprised
another large occupational group accounting for 8.1 percent of the
workforce in Albany; this percentage was notably above the
occupation's 6.2-percent national share. Within the education,
training, and library occupational group, the largest difference in
Albany occurred in teacher assistants which employed 1.8 percent of
all workers compared with only 1.0 percent nationwide.
Other occupational groups had less of a presence in the Albany
area than they did nationally. Production workers were not as
prevalent in Albany with only 4.9 percent of the area's employment,
3.0 percentage points below the national average. Transportation and
material moving occupations also had a lower-than-average local
presence accounting for 5.7 percent of the workforce versus 7.4
percent nationwide.
Employment comparisons to the Trenton and Hartford areas
As in the Albany area, office and administrative support was the
largest occupational group, with 20.6 percent of employment in
Trenton and 18.8 percent in Hartford. In all three of these areas,
this group's employment share exceeded the national average of 17.5
percent. Another occupational group with a larger-than-average
presence in these areas was business and financial operations,
accounting for 8.0 and 6.3 percent of employment in Trenton and
Hartford, respectively; nationally, this group comprised 4.1 percent
of the workforce.
All three areas had smaller-than-average percentages of
employment in production occupations. In the Trenton area, this
group accounted for only 3.1 percent of the employed, while in
Hartford the group made up 6.9 percent of the workforce; the
comparable figure for the nation was 7.9 percent. Similarly, all
three areas recorded lower-than average shares of employment in the
transportation and material moving group, construction and
extraction, and the food preparation and serving group.
_____________________________
1The Albany-Schenectady-Troy metropolitan statistical area
referenced in this release consists of six counties (Albany,
Montgomery, Rensselaer, Saratoga, Schenectady, and Schoharie).
For. convenience, this area will be referred to as the Albany
area throughout this release.
Table B. Occupational employment by major occupational group, United States,
Albany-Schenectady-Troy, Hartford, and Trenton metropolitan areas, November 2004
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent of total employment
---------------------------------------
Occupational employment Albany-
Schenec-
United tady-
States Troy- Hartford Trenton
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Management 4.7 4.9 5.7 5.7
Business and financial operations 4.1 4.6 6.3 8.0
Computer and mathematical 2.3 2.6 3.5 3.8
Architecture and engineering 1.8 1.7 2.6 2.2
Life, physical, and social science 0.9 1.6 0.9 2.4
Community and social services 1.3 1.9 1.8 1.9
Legal 0.8 1.1 0.9 1.4
Education, training, and library 6.2 8.1 7.1 7.1
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and
media 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.2
Healthcare practitioners and technical 5.0 5.2 5.4 5.5
Healthcare support 2.6 2.9 3.1 2.6
Protective service 2.4 2.7 2.2 3.5
Food preparation and serving related 8.2 7.0 6.6 5.9
Building and grounds cleaning and
maintenance 3.3 2.9 3.3 3.4
Personal care and service 2.4 2.6 2.2 2.6
Sales and related 10.6 10.2 9.1 8.8
Office and administrative support 17.5 19.9 18.8 20.6
Farming, fishing, and forestry 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1
Construction and extraction 4.9 4.2 3.2 2.4
Installation, maintenance, and repair 4.1 3.8 3.2 2.8
Production 7.9 4.9 6.9 3.1
Transportation and material moving 7.4 5.7 5.8 5.1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Technical Note
The Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) survey is a
semiannual mail survey measuring occupational employment and wage
rates for wage and salary workers in nonfarm establishments in the
United States. Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands are also
surveyed, but their data are not included in this release. Data are
collected from panels of about 200,000 establishments each in May and
November. Estimates from the program use data collected over a 3-
year (six-panel) period and are based on a total sample of about 1.2
million establishments. The nationwide response rate for the
November 2004 survey was 78.7 percent for establishment units,
covering 73.0 percent of weighted employment. The survey included
establishments sampled in the November 2004, May 2004, November 2003,
May 2003, and November 2002 semiannual panels and about half of the
2001 annual panel. The three-year sample in the Albany area included
3,599 establishments, with a response rate of 79 percent. The
Trenton area included 2,241 establishments with a response rate of 78
percent, while the Hartford area had a sample size of 4,324 and a
response rate of 79 percent.
The occupational coding system
The OES survey uses the Office of Management and Budget's (OMB)
occupational classification system, the Standard Occupational
Classification (SOC) system. The SOC system is the first OMB-
required occupational classification system for federal agencies.
The OES survey categorizes workers in 1 of 801 detailed occupations.
Together, these detailed occupations comprise 23 major occupational
groups, one of which--military specific occupations--is not included
in the OES survey. The major groups are as follows:
Management occupations
Business and financial operations occupations
Computer and mathematical science occupations
Architecture and engineering occupations
Life, physical, and social science occupations
Community and social services occupations
Legal occupations
Education, training, and library occupations
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations
Healthcare support occupations
Protective service occupations
Food preparation and serving related occupations
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations
Personal care and service occupations
Sales and related occupations
Office and administrative support occupations
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations
Construction and extraction occupations
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
Production occupations
Transportation and material moving occupations
Military specific occupations (not surveyed in OES)
For more information about the SOC system, please see the Bureau of
Labor Statistics (BLS) Web site at http://www.bls.gov/soc.
The industry coding system
The OES survey currently uses the North American Industry
Classification System (NAICS) to classify all establishments. For
more information about NAICS, see the BLS Web site at
http://www.bls.gov/bls/naics.htm.
The OES survey includes establishments in NAICS sectors 11
(logging and support activities for agriculture only), 21, 22, 23, 31-
33, 42, 44-45, 48-49, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 61, 62, 71, 72, 81
(except private households), state government, and local government.
Data for the U.S. Postal Service (most of NAICS code 4911) and the
federal government are universe counts obtained from the Postal
Service and the Office of Personnel Management, respectively. An
establishment is defined as an economic unit that processes goods and
services, such as a factory, mine, or store. The establishment is
generally at a single physical location and is engaged primarily in
one type of economic activity.
The OES survey covers all full- and part-time wage and salary
workers in nonfarm industries. The survey does not include the self-
employed owners and partners in unincorporated firms, household
workers, or unpaid workers.
Survey sample
BLS funds the survey and provides the procedures and technical
support, while the State Workforce Agencies (SWAs) collect the data.
BLS produces cross-industry NAICS estimates for the nation, states,
and metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs). Industry estimates are
produced for the NAICS sector, 3-digit, 4-digit, and selected 5-digit
industry levels. BLS releases all cross-industry and national
estimates, and the SWAs release industry estimates at the state and
MSA levels.
States Unemployment Insurance (UI) files provide the universe from
which the OES survey draws its sample. The employment benchmarks are
obtained from reports submitted by employers to the UI program.
Supplemental sources are used for rail transportation (NAICS 4821)
and Guam because they do not report to the UI program. The OES
survey sample is stratified by area, industry, and size class. Size
classes are defined based on the number of employees in the
establishments as follows:
Size class Number of employees
_____________________________________
1 1 to 4
2 5 to 9
3 10 to 19
4 20 to 49
5 50 to 99
6 100 to 249
7 250 and above
_____________________________________
A census of federal government and the post office is taken every
panel. A census of state government and Hawaii's local government is
taken every November panel. Units in rail transportation (NAICS 482)
and hospitals (NAICS 622) are sampled with certainty across a 3-year
period. Establishments with 250 or more employees also are sampled
with virtual certainty across a 3-year period; on average, one-sixth
of these are sampled in each panel.
Concepts
Occupational employment is the estimate of total wage and salary
employment in an occupation across the industries in which that
occupation was reported. The OES survey defines employment as the
number of workers who can be classified as full- or part-time
employees, including workers on paid vacations or other types of paid
leave; workers on unpaid short-term absences; salaried officers,
executives, and staff members of incorporated firms; employees
temporarily assigned to other units; and employees for whom the
reporting unit is their permanent duty station regardless of whether
that unit prepares their paycheck.
The OES survey form sent to an establishment contains between 50
and 225 SOC occupations selected on the basis of the sampled
establishment's industry classification and size class. To reduce
paperwork and respondent burden, no survey form contains every SOC
occupation. Thus, data for specific occupations are collected
primarily from establishments in industries that are the predominant
employers of workers in those occupations. Each survey form is
structured, however, to allow a respondent to provide detailed
occupational information for each worker at the establishment; that
is, workers in unlisted occupations can have their occupations added
to the survey form. In most cases, employers with 9 or fewer workers
are sent a form with no occupations listed, and are instructed to
fill in the occupations for their workers.
Wages for the OES survey are straight-time, gross pay, exclusive
of premium pay. Base rate, cost-of-living allowances, guaranteed
pay, hazardous-duty pay, incentive pay including commissions and
production bonuses, tips, and on-call pay are included. Excluded are
back pay, jury duty pay, overtime pay, severance pay, shift
differentials, non-production bonuses, employer cost for
supplementary benefits, and tuition reimbursements.
The OES survey collects wage data in 12 intervals. Employers
report the number of employees in an occupation for each wage range.
The wage intervals used for the November 2004 survey are as follows:
----------------------------------------------------------
| Wages
Interval |-------------------------------------------
| Hourly | Annual
--------------|-------------------|-----------------------
Range A | Under $6.75 | Under $14,040
Range B | $6.75 to $8.49 | $14,040 to $17,679
Range C | $8.50 to $10.74 | $17,680 to $22,359
Range D | $10.75 to $13.49 | $22,360 to $28,079
Range E | $13.50 to $16.99 | $28,080 to $35,359
Range F | $17.00 to $21.49 | $35,360 to $44,719
Range G | $21.50 to $27.24 | $44,720 to $56,679
Range H | $27.25 to $34.49 | $56,680 to $71,759
Range I | $34.50 to $43.74 | $71,760 to $90,999
Range J | $43.75 to $55.49 | $91,000 to $115,439
Range K | $55.50 to $69.99 | $115,440 to $145,599
Range L | $70.00 and over | $145,600 and over
----------------------------------------------------------
Mean hourly wage. The mean hourly wage rate for an occupation is
the total wages that all workers in the occupation earn in an hour
divided by the total employment of the occupation. To calculate the
mean hourly wage of each occupation, total weighted hourly wages are
summed across all intervals and divided by the occupation's weighted
survey employment. The mean wage for each interval is based on
occupational wage data collected by the BLS Office of Compensation
and Working Conditions for the National Compensation Survey (NCS).
The mean hourly wage value for the highest wage interval, $70.00
and over, was computed separately for each panel or annual sample
(November 2004, May 2004, November 2003, May 2003, and November
2002). The average of these mean wage rates was used for all of the
$70.00 and over data in the November 2004 survey. The wage rates for
this interval do not go through any wage updating procedures.
Percentile wage. The p-th percentile wage range for an occupation
is the wage where p percent of all workers earn that amount or less
and where (100-p) percent of all workers earn that amount or more.
This statistic is calculated by uniformly distributing the workers
inside each wage interval, ranking the workers from lowest paid to
highest paid, and calculating the product of the total employment for
the occupation and the desired percentile to determine the worker
that earns the p-th percentile wage rate.
Annual wage. Many employees are paid at an hourly rate by their
employers and may work more than or less than 40 hours per week.
Annual wage estimates for most occupations in this release are
calculated by multiplying the mean hourly wage by a "year-round, full-
time" figure of 2,080 hours (52 weeks by 40 hours). Thus, annual
wage estimates may not represent the actual annual pay received by
the employee if they work more or less than 2,080 hours per year.
Some workers typically work less than full time, year round. For
these occupations, the OES survey collects and reports either the
annual salary or the hourly wage rate, depending on how the
occupation is typically paid, but not both. For
example, teachers, flight attendants, and pilots may be paid an
annual salary, but do not work the usual 2,080 hours per year. In
this case, an annual salary is reported. Other workers, such as
entertainment workers are paid hourly rates, but generally do not
work full time, year round. For these workers, only an hourly wage
is reported.
Hourly versus annual wage reporting. For each occupation,
respondents are asked to report the number of employees paid within
wage intervals. The intervals are defined both as hourly rates and
the corresponding annual rates, where the annual rate for an
occupation is calculated by multiplying the hourly wage rate by a
typical work year of 2,080 hours. The responding establishment can
reference either the hourly or the annual rate, but they are
instructed to report the hourly rate for part-time workers.
Estimation methodology
Each OES panel includes approximately 200,000 establishments.
While estimates can be made with data from one panel or one year, the
OES survey is designed to produce estimates using six panels (3
years) of data. The full six-panel sample of 1.2 million
establishments allows the production of estimates at detailed levels
of geography, industry, and occupation. Combining six panels of data
is also necessary to obtain the full complement of certainty
establishments. (Note: The first semiannual panel was in November
2002. Prior to that, about 400,000 establishments were surveyed
annually. Each earlier sample is a two-panel equivalent.)
Wage updating. Significant reductions in sampling errors are
obtained by combining six panels of data, particularly for small
geographic areas and occupations. Wages for the current panel need
no adjustment. However, wages in the five previous panels need to be
updated to the current panel's reference period.
The OES program uses the BLS Employment Cost Index (ECI) to adjust
survey data from prior panels before combining them with the current
panel's data. The wage updating procedure adjusts each detailed
occupation's wage rate, as measured in the earlier panel, according
to the average movement of its broader occupational division. The
procedure assumes that there are no major differences by geography,
industry, or detailed occupation within the occupational division.
Imputation. Over 20 percent of establishments do not respond for
a given panel. A "nearest neighbor" hot deck imputation procedure is
used to impute occupational employment totals. A variant of mean
imputation is then used to impute a wage distribution for each
occupation. The variant of mean imputation for wage distributions is
also applied to establishments that provide reports with occupational
totals but partial or missing wage data.
Weighting and benchmarking. The sample establishments in each
panel are weighted to represent all establishments that were part of
the in-scope frame from which the panel was selected. Based on the
sampled establishments, weights are adjusted when six panels are
combined. Weights are adjusted by benchmarking employment totals
from the OES survey to employment figures derived from the BLS
Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages.
November 2004 OES survey estimates. The November 2004 OES
survey estimates are based on all data collected from establishments
in the November 2004, May 2004, November 2003, May 2003, and November
2002 semi-annual samples and about half of the 2001 annual sample.
During estimates processing, OES employment data were benchmarked to
the average employment for November 2004 and May 2004 from the BLS
Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages.
Reliability of the estimates. Estimates calculated from a sample
survey are subject to two types of error: sampling and nonsampling.
Sampling error occurs when estimates are calculated from a subset
(i.e., sample) of the population instead of the full population.
When a sample of the population is surveyed, there is a chance that
the sample estimate of the characteristic of interest may differ from
the population value of that characteristic. Differences between the
sample estimate and the population value will vary depending on the
sample selected. This variability can be estimated by calculating
the standard error (SE) of the sample estimate. If we were to repeat
the sampling and estimation process countless times using the same
survey design, approximately 90 percent of the intervals created by
adding and subtracting 1.645 SEs from the sample estimate would
include the population value. These intervals are called 90-percent
confidence intervals. The OES survey, however, usually uses the
relative standard error (RSE) of a sample estimate instead of its SE
to measure sampling error. RSE is defined as the SE of a sample
estimate divided by the sample estimate itself. This statistic
provides the user with a measure of the relative precision of the
sample estimate. RSEs are calculated for both occupational
employment and mean wage rate estimates. Occupational employment
RSEs are calculated using a subsample, random group replication
technique called the jackknife. Mean wage rate RSEs are calculated
using a variance components model that accounts for both the observed
and unobserved components of the wage data. The variances of the
unobserved components are estimated using wage data from the BLS
National Compensation Survey. In general, estimates based on many
establishments have lower RSEs than estimates based on few
establishments. If the distributional assumptions of the models are
violated, the resulting confidence intervals may not reflect the
prescribed level of confidence.
Nonsampling error occurs for a variety of reasons, none of which
are directly connected to sampling. Examples of nonsampling error
include: nonresponse, data incorrectly reported by the respondent,
mistakes made in entering collected data into the database, and
mistakes made in editing and processing the collected data.
Results of significance testing. The OES significance tests in
this release compare wage and employment data for the 22 major
occupational groups in the Albany, Hartford, and Trenton metropolitan
area to their respective national averages. Those occupations with
wages or employment shares above or below the national wage or share
after testing for significance at the 90 percent confidence interval
are identified in the table below. NOTE: A value that is
statistically different from another does not necessarily mean that
the difference has economic or practical significance. Statistical
significance is concerned with our ability to make confident
statements about a universe based on a sample. It is entirely
possible that a large difference between two values is not
statistically different statistically, while a small difference is,
since both the size and heterogeneity of the sample effect the
relative error of the data being tested.
Significant differences of wages and employment shares with the U.S. wages and employment shares,
Albany, Hartford, and Trenton areas, November 20041
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Wages Employment
----------------------------------------------------------
Major occupational group Albany Hartford Trenton Albany Hartford Trenton
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Management No Yes Yes No Yes Yes
Business and financial operations Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Computer and mathematical Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes
Architecture and engineering Yes No No No Yes No
Life, physical, and social science No Yes Yes No No Yes
Community and social services No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Legal Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes
Education, training, library No Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, media No No Yes No No No
Healthcare practitioner and technical Yes Yes Yes No Yes No
Healthcare support Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Protective service Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes
Food preparation and serving related Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Building grounds cleaning and maintenance Yes Yes Yes Yes No No
Personal care and service Yes Yes Yes No Yes No
Sales and related Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Office and administrative support Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Farming, fishing, and forestry No No No Yes Yes Yes
Construction and extraction Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Installation, maintenance, and repair No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Production Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Transportation and material moving Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1Statistical significance testing at the 90 percent confidence interval.
Additional information
The November 2004 OES detailed data for the United States and all
metropolitan statistical areas in the nation are available on the
Internet at http://www.bls.gov/oes. Users also may access each
occupation's definition, percentile wages, and additional technical
details. Industry staffing patterns at the sector, 3-, 4-, and
selected 5-digit NAICS levels are also available from the Internet.
These data will include industry-specific occupational employment and
wage data.
Complete survey results are available from the New York
Information Office by calling (212) 337-2400 or by e-mailing
BLSinfoNY@bls.gov. Survey results are also available from the New
York State Department of Labor at (518) 457-6369. Information in
this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals
upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral phone
number: 1-800-877-8339.
NYLS - 7232 Labor - New York
3/28/06
Table 1. Employment and wage data from the Occupational Employment Statistics survey, by occupation,
Albany-Schenectady-Troy metropolitan area, November 2004
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| | Mean wages |
| |____________________| Median
Occupation | Employment | | | hourly
| | Hourly | Annual1 | wages
| | | |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Management occupations
Chief executives 1,400 $56.95 $118,460 $55.01
General and operations managers 3,820 45.41 94,460 39.15
Legislators 910 (2) 77,650 (2)
Advertising and promotions managers 140 37.05 77,060 31.50
Marketing managers 320 49.54 103,030 46.94
Sales managers 510 49.50 102,960 43.66
Public relations managers 360 37.81 78,640 35.47
Administrative services managers 1,080 37.96 78,970 35.50
Computer and information systems managers 1,200 44.88 93,360 42.32
Financial managers 2,170 47.35 98,500 42.30
Compensation and benefits managers 230 37.03 77,030 35.14
Training and development managers 170 39.12 81,360 34.86
Human resources managers, all other 430 38.24 79,530 37.90
Industrial production managers 370 40.65 84,550 39.04
Purchasing managers 280 35.70 74,250 33.25
Transportation, storage, and distribution managers 220 36.20 75,300 34.62
Construction managers (3) 52.21 108,590 41.71
Education administrators, preschool and child care
center/program 150 21.50 44,710 19.24
Education administrators, elementary and secondary school 690 (2) 81,470 (2)
Education administrators, postsecondary 470 41.76 86,860 34.76
Education administrators, all other (3) 42.58 88,570 45.77
Engineering managers 430 51.90 107,960 48.31
Food service managers 650 20.70 43,060 20.22
Funeral directors (3) 23.39 48,660 21.76
Lodging managers (3) 21.31 44,320 16.64
Medical and health services managers 1,660 34.48 71,720 31.47
Natural sciences managers 170 49.01 101,930 47.55
Postmasters and mail superintendents 110 25.43 52,900 25.13
Property, real estate, and community association managers 280 27.75 57,720 23.12
Social and community service managers 880 27.03 56,230 25.61
Managers, all other 1,420 34.81 72,400 33.34
Business and financial operations occupations
Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products 30 20.85 43,380 19.86
Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products 260 22.93 47,690 22.70
Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm
products 800 22.88 47,580 21.70
Claims adjusters, examiners, and investigators 1,770 22.54 46,880 21.40
Insurance appraisers, auto damage (3) 25.16 52,340 24.84
Compliance officers, except agriculture, construction,
health and safety, and transportation 910 27.57 57,330 26.31
Cost estimators 680 21.46 44,630 18.09
Emergency management specialists 50 22.07 45,920 21.12
Employment, recruitment, and placement specialists 490 20.07 41,750 18.88
Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists 420 25.31 52,640 25.04
Training and development specialists 770 25.07 52,140 23.88
Human resources, training, and labor relations
specialists, all other 1,160 21.56 44,840 22.66
Logisticians 60 31.68 65,900 33.85
Management analysts 1,780 28.39 59,050 26.13
Meeting and convention planners 140 18.88 39,270 17.31
Business operations specialists, all other 2,220 25.95 53,980 25.36
Accountants and auditors 3,850 26.87 55,890 25.48
Appraisers and assessors of real estate 290 19.88 41,350 21.99
Budget analysts 610 25.78 53,620 25.59
Financial analysts 770 30.47 63,380 28.20
Personal financial advisors 200 53.72 111,740 41.58
Insurance underwriters 440 25.93 53,920 24.16
Financial examiners 310 20.23 42,080 18.76
Loan counselors 80 18.71 38,910 17.91
Loan officers 570 26.40 54,910 21.84
Tax examiners, collectors, and revenue agents 1,430 22.14 46,060 20.67
Tax preparers 100 12.61 26,230 10.21
Financial specialists, all other 360 24.50 50,970 21.99
Computer and mathematical occupations
Computer programmers 3,160 28.00 58,250 25.53
Computer software engineers, applications 2,040 32.21 66,990 31.22
Computer software engineers, systems software 550 33.05 68,730 32.68
Computer support specialists 1,650 20.68 43,020 18.92
Computer systems analysts 1,660 33.54 69,760 32.03
Database administrators 490 30.98 64,430 31.40
Network and computer systems administrators 690 29.38 61,110 27.99
Network systems and data communications analysts 840 28.34 58,940 27.35
Computer specialists, all other 260 34.24 71,210 32.61
Actuaries 230 42.17 87,710 36.35
Operations research analysts 40 27.81 57,850 29.79
Statisticians 100 23.88 49,680 23.38
Achitecture and engineering occupations
Architects, except landscape and naval 480 35.20 73,220 31.61
Landscape architects 150 26.96 56,070 25.61
Surveyors 120 24.81 51,590 24.38
Chemical engineers 100 34.57 71,910 35.16
Civil engineers 1,170 31.51 65,540 31.15
Computer hardware engineers 230 34.83 72,450 34.13
Electrical engineers 530 30.61 63,670 29.24
Electronics engineers, except computer 270 38.86 80,820 32.14
Environmental engineers 550 32.12 66,810 31.59
Health and safety engineers, except mining safety
engineers and inspectors 120 29.20 60,740 29.53
Industrial engineers 430 33.61 69,900 32.90
Materials engineers 40 32.34 67,270 31.07
Mechanical engineers 720 32.35 67,290 31.49
Nuclear engineers (3) 39.66 82,500 39.10
Engineers, all other 140 30.88 64,230 30.47
Architectural and civil drafters 420 19.27 40,080 18.79
Electrical and electronics drafters 80 22.46 46,730 23.01
Mechanical drafters 210 20.14 41,890 19.80
Drafters, all other 50 17.99 37,410 18.20
Civil engineering technicians 160 22.30 46,390 21.28
Electrical and electronic engineering technicians 380 22.75 47,320 23.63
Electro-mechanical technicians (3) 16.53 34,390 15.86
Environmental engineering technicians (3) 17.73 36,880 16.49
Industrial engineering technicians 90 23.48 48,840 20.70
Mechanical engineering technicians (3) 23.95 49,820 23.90
Engineering technicians, except drafters, all other 290 22.37 46,530 21.98
Surveying and mapping technicians 180 21.33 44,370 19.80
Life, physical, and social science occupations
Biochemists and biophysicists (3) 37.17 77,310 36.34
Microbiologists (3) 24.92 51,820 23.56
Zoologists and wildlife biologists 70 28.90 60,110 27.55
Biological scientists, all other (3) 27.25 56,670 28.99
Conservation scientists 60 25.24 52,500 24.77
Medical scientists, except epidemiologists 520 30.89 64,250 26.09
Physicists (3) 42.70 88,820 40.93
Atmospheric and space scientists 30 32.07 66,700 32.43
Environmental scientists and specialists, including health 400 26.64 55,420 25.89
Geoscientists, except hydrologists and geographers 100 27.96 58,150 29.41
Hydrologists 60 28.28 58,820 26.51
Physical scientists, all other 580 34.89 72,570 33.76
Economists 100 30.68 63,810 30.73
Market research analysts 560 25.52 53,090 24.18
Survey researchers 270 28.39 59,050 29.28
Clinical, counseling, and school psychologists 390 35.25 73,310 28.95
Urban and regional planners 150 24.19 50,320 24.14
Social scientists and related workers, all other 150 26.31 54,710 25.20
Biological technicians (3) 13.33 27,730 12.55
Chemical technicians 390 20.95 43,570 19.67
Environmental science and protection technicians,
including health 110 16.24 33,790 15.21
Forest and conservation technicians (3) 15.31 31,850 14.49
Life, physical, and social science technicians, all other 680 18.57 38,620 18.28
Community and social services occupations
Substance abuse and behavioral disorder counselors 330 15.83 32,920 15.54
Educational, vocational, and school counselors 970 22.95 47,730 21.70
Marriage and family therapists 40 16.62 34,560 16.88
Mental health counselors 350 14.50 30,160 12.52
Rehabilitation counselors (3) 14.36 29,880 11.45
Counselors, all other (3) 16.50 34,330 15.09
Child, family, and school social workers 1,320 20.37 42,360 19.01
Medical and public health social workers 480 18.08 37,600 18.19
Mental health and substance abuse social workers 450 17.98 37,390 17.36
Social workers, all other 600 22.40 46,590 22.36
Health educators 220 22.62 47,040 22.05
Probation officers and correctional treatment specialists 370 23.42 48,720 22.63
Social and human service assistants 1,520 12.79 26,600 12.06
Community and social service specialists, all other 490 20.59 42,830 19.11
Clergy 300 21.91 45,570 21.06
Directors, religious activities and education 70 18.36 38,190 17.34
Legal occupations
Lawyers 2,980 44.39 92,340 40.57
Arbitrators, mediators, and conciliators 70 27.97 58,170 26.56
Judges, magistrate judges, and magistrates 230 50.79 105,650 51.99
Paralegals and legal assistants 610 19.68 40,930 19.09
Court reporters 50 26.46 55,030 26.03
Law clerks 110 16.04 33,370 16.13
Title examiners, abstractors, and searchers (3) 18.46 38,400 16.91
Legal support workers, all other 570 16.79 34,920 16.32
Education, training, and library occupations
Business teachers, postsecondary 260 (2) 64,490 (2)
Computer science teachers, postsecondary 80 (2) 52,840 (2)
Biological science teachers, postsecondary 170 (2) 59,390 (2)
Chemistry teachers, postsecondary 40 (2) 49,590 (2)
Psychology teachers, postsecondary 100 (2) 49,830 (2)
Health specialties teachers, postsecondary 70 (2) 43,290 (2)
Nursing instructors and teachers, postsecondary 150 (2) (4) (2)
Art, drama, and music teachers, postsecondary 140 (2) 54,330 (2)
English language and literature teachers, postsecondary 150 (2) 52,180 (2)
History teachers, postsecondary 60 (2) 55,690 (2)
Philosophy and religion teachers, postsecondary 50 (2) 56,070 (2)
Graduate teaching assistants 860 (2) 26,920 (2)
Vocational education teachers, postsecondary 100 22.75 47,330 23.69
Postsecondary teachers, all other 4,630 32.99 68,630 28.79
Preschool teachers, except special education 1,640 11.10 23,090 10.43
Kindergarten teachers, except special education 480 (2) 45,540 (2)
Elementary school teachers, except special education 3,860 (2) 56,340 (2)
Middle school teachers, except special and vocational
education 2,520 (2) 55,180 (2)
Vocational education teachers, middle school 110 (2) 58,000 (2)
Secondary school teachers, except special and vocational
education 4,520 (2) 53,130 (2)
Vocational education teachers, secondary school 120 (2) 55,960 (2)
Special education teachers, preschool, kindergarten, and
elementary school (3) (2) 42,910 (2)
Special education teachers, middle school 400 (2) 47,410 (2)
Special education teachers, secondary school 590 (2) 50,130 (2)
Adult literacy, remedial education, and GED teachers
and instructors 250 17.20 35,770 18.01
Self-enrichment education teachers 650 15.59 32,430 14.75
Teachers and instructors, all other 2,150 (2) 28,040 (2)
Museum technicians and conservators 80 19.15 39,840 20.07
Librarians 710 22.70 47,210 21.63
Library technicians 220 14.80 30,780 13.50
Farm and home management advisors 60 13.02 27,080 12.55
Instructional coordinators 780 28.02 58,280 26.85
Teacher assistants 7,870 (2) 21,360 (2)
Education, training, and library workers, all other 430 24.40 50,760 20.36
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations
Art directors 60 (4) (4) (4)
Multi-media artists and animators (3) 24.52 51,010 23.20
Artists and related workers, all other 30 16.25 33,800 16.50
Floral designers 300 10.39 21,600 8.98
Graphic designers 390 18.79 39,080 18.18
Interior designers 110 23.22 48,300 20.56
Merchandise displayers and window trimmers 140 13.89 28,880 11.66
Producers and directors 160 20.35 42,330 19.39
Coaches and scouts 400 (2) 30,760 (2)
Dancers (3) 6.21 (5) 6.16
Musicians and singers 380 (4) (5) (4)
Entertainers and performers, sports and related workers,
all other (3) 13.07 (5) 13.21
Radio and television announcers (3) 18.65 38,780 14.76
Public address system and other announcers (3) 10.70 22,250 8.41
Reporters and correspondents 330 18.37 38,200 15.69
Public relations specialists 1,620 30.35 63,130 24.04
Editors 530 23.51 48,890 20.59
Technical writers 130 25.04 52,070 22.58
Writers and authors 150 21.97 45,700 20.94
Media and communication workers, all other 40 13.37 27,810 12.96
Audio and video equipment technicians 100 20.13 41,870 18.61
Broadcast technicians 100 14.62 30,400 13.42
Photographers 190 15.21 31,650 14.83
Camera operators, television, video, and motion picture 60 17.56 36,520 16.79
Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations
Dentists, general (3) 62.00 128,950 54.01
Dietitians and nutritionists 200 24.15 50,230 22.60
Optometrists 40 47.10 97,970 45.95
Pharmacists 720 38.39 79,850 39.05
Family and general practitioners (3) 74.86 155,720 (6)
Internists, general 60 91.55 190,430 (6)
Obstetricians and gynecologists 30 (4) (4) (4)
Psychiatrists 100 67.60 140,610 64.97
Surgeons 230 95.44 198,510 (6)
Physicians and surgeons, all other 1,010 68.81 143,120 66.64
Physician assistants 480 31.58 65,680 31.56
Registered nurses 8,730 24.31 50,560 24.10
Occupational therapists 400 24.33 50,620 23.82
Physical therapists 840 25.17 52,350 25.01
Radiation therapists 40 27.82 57,860 27.43
Recreational therapists 90 19.42 40,380 19.08
Respiratory therapists 170 21.12 43,930 20.75
Speech-language pathologists 390 25.51 53,050 23.13
Veterinarians 230 32.68 67,970 30.70
Health diagnosing and treating practitioners, all other 60 57.70 120,020 59.10
Medical and clinical laboratory technologists 490 21.62 44,970 21.16
Medical and clinical laboratory technicians 630 14.86 30,910 14.50
Dental hygienists (3) 25.60 53,260 25.35
Cardiovascular technologists and technicians 200 20.44 42,520 20.83
Diagnostic medical sonographers 200 24.60 51,170 24.65
Nuclear medicine technologists 70 27.37 56,940 27.01
Radiologic technologists and technicians 630 21.63 45,000 21.30
Emergency medical technicians and paramedics 650 13.78 28,670 13.14
Dietetic technicians 90 12.80 26,630 12.36
Pharmacy technicians 670 11.04 22,970 10.85
Psychiatric technicians 70 11.66 24,260 11.11
Surgical technologists 150 14.93 31,060 14.68
Veterinary technologists and technicians 250 13.52 28,120 13.62
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses 2,580 17.00 35,360 16.44
Medical records and health information technicians 470 14.21 29,550 13.38
Opticians, dispensing 150 17.91 37,250 17.49
Health technologists and technicians, all other 320 17.64 36,700 17.16
Occupational health and safety specialists 140 25.68 53,420 24.95
Athletic trainers 40 (2) 32,600 (2)
Healthcare practitioners and technical workers, all
other 70 (4) (4) (4)
Healthcare support occupations
Home health aides 3,810 10.46 21,760 9.72
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants 5,500 11.64 24,210 11.39
Psychiatric aides 180 14.03 29,180 14.40
Occupational therapist assistants 160 14.92 31,040 14.74
Occupational therapist aides 60 11.84 24,630 12.12
Physical therapist assistants 220 15.47 32,180 15.12
Physical therapist aides 60 12.30 25,580 12.14
Dental assistants (3) 14.82 30,830 14.14
Medical assistants 590 11.96 24,870 11.86
Medical equipment preparers 70 13.20 27,460 12.75
Medical transcriptionists 300 13.72 28,540 13.68
Pharmacy aides 220 7.92 16,480 7.55
Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers 110 10.12 21,050 9.44
Healthcare support workers, all other 730 13.24 27,550 12.33
Protective service occupations
First-line supervisors/managers of correctional officers 120 24.65 51,280 23.96
First-line supervisors/managers of police and detectives 820 31.28 65,050 31.34
First-line supervisors/managers of fire fighting and
prevention workers 80 30.15 62,710 30.17
First-line supervisors/managers, protective service
workers, all other 140 20.87 43,410 19.75
Fire fighters 490 19.06 39,650 18.65
Fire inspectors and investigators 60 25.33 52,690 24.64
Bailiffs 120 18.31 38,080 17.55
Correctional officers and jailers 1,280 19.53 40,620 19.50
Detectives and criminal investigators 1,350 28.47 59,220 29.39
Parking enforcement workers (3) 15.22 31,660 14.97
Police and sheriff's patrol officers 3,630 21.84 45,420 22.42
Animal control workers 110 14.15 29,440 13.89
Private detectives and investigators 50 14.55 30,260 13.78
Security guards 2,960 11.10 23,090 10.83
Crossing guards 120 10.91 22,690 11.10
Lifeguards, ski patrol, and other recreational
protective service workers 350 8.32 17,310 7.97
Protective service workers, all other 240 14.59 30,340 12.55
Food preparation and serving related occupations
Chefs and head cooks 310 17.87 37,170 15.65
First-line supervisors/managers of food preparation and
serving workers 2,300 12.88 26,780 11.77
Cooks, fast food (3) 8.13 16,900 7.67
Cooks, institution and cafeteria 1,230 11.09 23,070 11.01
Cooks, restaurant 1,960 10.66 22,160 10.13
Cooks, short order (3) 8.53 17,730 8.06
Food preparation workers 5,120 8.77 18,230 8.41
Bartenders 1,860 10.69 22,240 8.19
Combined food preparation and serving workers, including
fast food 5,250 7.55 15,700 7.29
Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, and
coffee shop 2,010 7.49 15,580 7.50
Waiters and waitresses 6,400 8.70 18,090 7.71
Food servers, nonrestaurant 600 8.44 17,550 7.97
Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers 1,290 7.42 15,440 6.70
Dishwashers 1,280 7.33 15,250 7.31
Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop 790 7.68 15,980 7.64
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations
First-line supervisors/managers of housekeeping and
janitorial workers 710 17.49 36,380 17.02
First-line supervisors/managers of landscaping, lawn
service, and groundskeeping workers 200 18.15 37,750 16.75
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping
cleaners 7,540 10.62 22,080 9.91
Maids and housekeeping cleaners 2,130 8.96 18,640 8.68
Building cleaning workers, all other (3) 12.72 26,450 12.60
Pest control workers 100 13.66 28,420 13.21
Landscaping and groundskeeping workers 2,210 11.41 23,720 10.92
Pesticide handlers, sprayers, and applicators, vegetation 40 16.49 34,310 16.05
Grounds maintenance workers, all other (3) 10.86 22,590 10.76
Personal care and service occupations
First-line supervisors/managers of personal service workers 710 15.02 31,250 14.37
Animal trainers 60 9.29 19,310 6.69
Nonfarm animal caretakers (3) 10.38 21,580 9.78
Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers 150 7.13 14,820 6.72
Amusement and recreation attendants 440 7.34 15,280 6.67
Locker room, coatroom, and dressing room attendants 80 10.54 21,930 11.22
Embalmers 30 18.87 39,250 17.16
Funeral attendants 130 8.01 16,660 6.90
Barbers (3) 14.15 29,430 14.21
Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists 1,210 10.02 20,840 9.55
Manicurists and pedicurists 70 8.76 18,230 8.87
Shampooers 40 6.49 13,500 6.34
Skin care specialists 40 11.56 24,050 11.28
Baggage porters and bellhops 90 11.54 24,000 12.28
Transportation attendants, except flight attendants and
baggage porters (3) 9.20 19,130 9.29
Child care workers 2,540 9.53 19,830 9.06
Personal and home care aides 2,470 9.27 19,280 9.29
Fitness trainers and aerobics instructors 800 11.86 24,660 10.23
Recreation workers 1,410 9.49 19,730 8.53
Residential advisors 310 12.81 26,630 12.66
Sales and related occupations
First-line supervisors/managers of retail sales workers 3,450 17.31 36,010 15.54
First-line supervisors/managers of non-retail sales workers 860 36.91 76,760 32.53
Cashiers 13,050 7.97 16,590 7.70
Counter and rental clerks 1,110 10.28 21,380 8.86
Parts salespersons 670 14.63 30,430 14.46
Retail salespersons 14,770 10.21 21,230 8.97
Advertising sales agents 370 20.56 42,770 17.38
Insurance sales agents 960 25.24 52,500 23.05
Travel agents 220 16.36 34,020 14.20
Sales representatives, services, all other 700 25.03 52,060 24.35
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing,
technical and scientific products 870 34.07 70,870 28.16
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing,
except technical and scientific products 5,090 24.62 51,210 20.90
Demonstrators and product promoters (3) 12.12 25,200 12.38
Real estate brokers 50 (4) (4) (4)
Real estate sales agents 340 17.33 36,050 15.34
Sales engineers 200 33.74 70,170 33.09
Telemarketers 1,090 11.29 23,490 10.52
Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors,
and related workers 130 16.94 35,240 17.77
Sales and related workers, all other 420 15.91 33,090 12.11
Office and administrative support occupations
First-line supervisors/managers of office and
administrative support workers 5,750 22.10 45,960 20.49
Switchboard operators, including answering service 770 10.77 22,410 10.43
Telephone operators 60 14.47 30,100 14.14
Bill and account collectors 680 14.95 31,100 13.75
Billing and posting clerks and machine operators 1,670 13.68 28,450 13.30
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks 7,220 14.65 30,470 14.58
Payroll and timekeeping clerks 580 15.62 32,480 15.75
Procurement clerks 220 15.13 31,470 15.00
Tellers (3) 9.75 20,280 9.73
Brokerage clerks 190 16.74 34,820 15.55
Correspondence clerks 100 14.75 30,680 15.07
Court, municipal, and license clerks 550 17.17 35,700 15.99
Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks 250 15.76 32,790 16.03
Customer service representatives 6,470 14.36 29,880 13.24
Eligibility interviewers, government programs 380 17.00 35,350 16.50
File clerks 770 10.77 22,410 10.16
Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks 310 10.05 20,890 9.76
Interviewers, except eligibility and loan 860 12.36 25,710 11.57
Library assistants, clerical 750 11.27 23,440 11.01
Loan interviewers and clerks 460 14.52 30,200 14.41
New accounts clerks (3) 12.51 26,020 12.25
Order clerks 650 11.41 23,740 10.61
Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping 600 16.08 33,450 15.72
Receptionists and information clerks 4,100 11.27 23,450 10.90
Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel
clerks 360 11.69 24,320 10.36
All other information and record clerks 1,070 16.11 33,520 15.02
Cargo and freight agents (3) 13.80 28,690 13.49
Couriers and messengers (3) 10.79 22,450 10.49
Police, fire, and ambulance dispatchers 360 17.07 35,510 16.98
Dispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance 490 15.68 32,610 14.91
Meter readers, utilities 40 13.64 28,370 12.80
Postal service clerks 290 23.07 47,980 23.54
Postal service mail carriers 1,130 21.18 44,050 21.99
Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing
machine operators 780 20.89 43,440 21.75
Production, planning, and expediting clerks 610 19.00 39,530 17.90
Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks 1,690 12.94 26,920 12.29
Stock clerks and order fillers 5,860 10.41 21,660 9.69
Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping 180 13.99 29,100 14.23
Executive secretaries and administrative assistants 6,780 18.56 38,600 17.79
Legal secretaries 710 21.20 44,090 20.12
Medical secretaries 650 14.20 29,530 13.72
Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive 9,760 14.59 30,340 14.05
Computer operators 810 16.65 34,640 16.34
Data entry keyers 1,950 11.10 23,080 10.41
Word processors and typists 2,840 13.66 28,420 13.66
Desktop publishers 80 15.01 31,220 14.92
Insurance claims and policy processing clerks 890 15.20 31,620 14.18
Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except
postal service 600 12.37 25,720 12.16
Office clerks, general 12,720 11.91 24,780 11.76
Office machine operators, except computer 470 9.49 19,740 9.25
Proofreaders and copy markers 40 13.87 28,840 12.90
Statistical assistants 80 17.29 35,970 17.08
Office and administrative support workers, all other 1,530 15.63 32,510 14.89
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations
Farmworkers and laborers, crop, nursery, and greenhouse 110 8.61 17,920 8.30
Farmworkers, farm and ranch animal 130 8.96 18,640 8.43
Construction and extraction occupations
First-line supervisors/managers of construction trades
and extraction workers 1,800 26.78 55,710 25.09
Brickmasons and blockmasons 250 23.40 48,670 24.18
Carpenters 2,610 17.97 37,370 17.73
Floor layers, except carpet, wood, and hard tiles 130 14.54 30,250 13.73
Tile and marble setters 40 23.10 48,050 23.09
Cement masons and concrete finishers 200 19.84 41,270 18.75
Construction laborers 2,740 16.30 33,910 15.68
Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators 190 16.76 34,860 15.03
Operating engineers and other construction equipment
operators 1,240 19.18 39,890 17.34
Drywall and ceiling tile installers (3) 20.08 41,760 17.24
Tapers 60 20.12 41,850 19.58
Electricians 2,050 21.05 43,780 19.94
Glaziers 60 (4) (4) (4)
Insulation workers, floor, ceiling, and wall (3) 20.63 42,920 20.29
Painters, construction and maintenance 690 18.33 38,130 17.55
Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters 1,130 25.05 52,100 24.27
Plasterers and stucco masons (3) 24.30 50,540 24.93
Reinforcing iron and rebar workers (3) 24.41 50,780 22.76
Roofers 440 16.54 34,390 15.02
Sheet metal workers 600 22.66 47,120 23.81
Structural iron and steel workers 380 30.92 64,320 32.42
Helpers--brickmasons, blockmasons, stonemasons, and tile
and marble setters 80 16.18 33,660 17.27
Helpers--carpenters 210 11.40 23,710 10.45
Helpers--electricians (3) 13.36 27,800 14.18
Helpers--pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and
steamfitters (3) 14.35 29,860 14.97
Helpers--roofers 40 9.48 19,720 9.60
Construction and building inspectors 430 22.31 46,400 21.91
Elevator installers and repairers (3) 30.42 63,280 31.32
Fence erectors (3) 11.29 23,470 11.16
Hazardous materials removal workers (3) 23.49 48,850 24.72
Highway maintenance workers 1,690 14.62 30,400 13.87
Earth drillers, except oil and gas 40 18.58 38,640 18.95
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics,
installers, and repairers 1,580 24.86 51,720 24.01
Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers 420 18.83 39,160 19.36
Telecommunications equipment installers and repairers,
except line installers 540 29.04 60,410 31.06
Electrical and electronics repairers, commercial and
industrial equipment 300 16.34 33,990 16.10
Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles (3) 12.09 25,150 11.87
Electronic home entertainment equipment installers and
repairers 60 14.38 29,910 14.89
Security and fire alarm systems installers (3) 16.67 34,680 16.58
Aircraft mechanics and service technicians 170 20.98 43,630 21.74
Automotive body and related repairers 750 14.82 30,820 13.59
Automotive service technicians and mechanics 2,710 14.89 30,980 14.57
Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists 750 18.36 38,180 18.35
Farm equipment mechanics 80 14.27 29,690 14.77
Mobile heavy equipment mechanics, except engines 460 19.08 39,690 18.52
Motorboat mechanics 50 14.08 29,290 14.11
Motorcycle mechanics (3) 14.91 31,010 14.55
Outdoor power equipment and other small engine mechanics 70 14.70 30,570 15.14
Recreational vehicle service technicians 30 12.80 26,620 12.96
Tire repairers and changers 270 10.90 22,670 10.33
Control and valve installers and repairers, except
mechanical door (3) 28.74 59,780 27.69
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics
and installers 620 19.61 40,780 18.28
Home appliance repairers 230 14.02 29,160 14.60
Industrial machinery mechanics 600 21.37 44,450 21.45
Maintenance and repair workers, general 4,510 14.95 31,100 14.28
Maintenance workers, machinery 230 17.85 37,130 18.47
Millwrights 150 21.50 44,720 20.87
Electrical power-line installers and repairers (3) 30.08 62,560 30.74
Telecommunications line installers and repairers 1,050 29.60 61,570 30.85
Medical equipment repairers 80 23.31 48,480 22.54
Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers 120 17.00 35,370 16.15
Locksmiths and safe repairers 50 17.18 35,740 17.70
Helpers--installation, maintenance, and repair workers 450 11.82 24,590 11.52
Installation, maintenance, and repair workers, all other 170 17.59 36,580 16.97
Production occupations
First-line supervisors/managers of production and
operating workers 1,440 23.41 48,700 22.37
Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers 550 12.38 25,740 11.82
Structural metal fabricators and fitters 90 15.20 31,610 15.33
Team assemblers 1,940 11.08 23,050 10.23
Assemblers and fabricators, all other 200 10.01 20,810 9.12
Bakers 890 10.42 21,660 9.95
Butchers and meat cutters 350 14.08 29,280 14.48
Slaughterers and meat packers 40 10.49 21,820 9.63
Food batchmakers 480 10.01 20,820 8.29
Food cooking machine operators and tenders 80 11.67 24,280 12.18
Computer-controlled machine tool operators, metal and plastic (3) 12.26 25,490 10.60
Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and
tenders, metal and plastic 40 13.13 27,310 11.75
Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal
and plastic (3) 13.15 27,360 13.12
Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators,
and tenders, metal and plastic 430 13.47 28,010 11.43
Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool
setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 90 10.90 22,670 10.52
Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators,
and tenders, metal and plastic 100 12.01 24,980 10.83
Machinists 800 18.35 38,170 17.76
Metal-refining furnace operators and tenders (3) 17.77 36,970 16.14
Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters,
operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 40 14.50 30,150 13.28
Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders,
metal and plastic 140 12.60 26,200 11.79
Tool and die makers 200 15.49 32,220 13.84
Welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers 490 16.14 33,580 15.89
Welding, soldering, and brazing machine setters,
operators, and tenders (3) 16.73 34,790 17.53
Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders,
metal and plastic (3) 16.99 35,330 18.12
Lay-out workers, metal and plastic (3) 13.95 29,030 13.85
Plating and coating machine setters, operators, and
tenders, metal and plastic 40 13.90 28,910 12.51
Metal workers and plastic workers, all other 80 (4) (4) (4)
Bindery workers 210 15.22 31,650 15.19
Job printers 110 16.08 33,440 16.23
Prepress technicians and workers 290 14.77 30,720 14.45
Printing machine operators 1,220 14.17 29,470 14.29
Laundry and dry-cleaning workers 500 9.53 19,820 9.03
Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials 370 9.94 20,670 8.96
Sewing machine operators 430 9.32 19,380 8.38
Shoe and leather workers and repairers (3) 10.55 21,940 9.97
Sewers, hand (3) 10.64 22,120 9.83
Tailors, dressmakers, and custom sewers 70 11.20 23,300 10.47
Textile knitting and weaving machine setters, operators,
and tenders 70 17.16 35,700 18.09
Extruding and forming machine setters, operators, and
tenders, synthetic and glass fibers 140 14.36 29,860 13.81
Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters 250 14.85 30,880 14.55
Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood 50 13.73 28,550 13.68
Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders,
except sawing 70 11.87 24,690 11.16
Stationary engineers and boiler operators 390 21.56 44,850 20.55
Water and liquid waste treatment plant and
system operators 290 18.74 38,970 18.76
Chemical plant and system operators (3) 25.16 52,330 25.17
Plant and system operators, all other 40 22.32 46,420 23.32
Chemical equipment operators and tenders 230 21.65 45,020 22.15
Separating, filtering, clarifying, precipitating, and
Crushing, grinding, and polishing machine setters,
operators, and tenders 70 15.31 31,840 15.54
Grinding and polishing workers, hand 40 11.23 23,350 10.50
Mixing and blending machine setters, operators, and tenders 540 20.97 43,620 21.85
Cutters and trimmers, hand 160 (4) (4) (4)
Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and tenders 80 16.15 33,580 15.86
Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine
setters, operators, and tenders 80 15.70 32,660 16.30
Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators
and tenders 110 18.50 38,470 18.71
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers 600 15.19 31,600 13.76
Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers 80 13.08 27,200 11.12
Dental laboratory technicians 150 13.85 28,810 12.36
Medical appliance technicians 60 16.28 33,860 13.40
Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders 720 14.00 29,110 13.89
Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters,
operators, and tenders 330 14.68 30,540 12.72
Painters, transportation equipment 70 17.02 35,400 15.90
Photographic process workers 50 11.78 24,510 10.12
Photographic processing machine operators 250 8.57 17,820 8.39
Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders 560 15.32 31,870 15.19
Helpers--production workers 920 11.36 23,630 10.22
Transportation and material moving occupations
First-line supervisors/managers of helpers, laborers,
and material movers, hand 400 20.58 42,810 20.12
First-line supervisors/managers of transportation and
material-moving machine and vehicle operators 610 23.25 48,360 22.66
Bus drivers, transit and intercity 360 17.40 36,190 17.44
Bus drivers, school 2,840 13.11 27,260 13.19
Driver/sales workers 880 (4) (4) (4)
Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer 4,960 18.08 37,610 17.43
Truck drivers, light or delivery services 2,650 13.34 27,750 12.51
Taxi drivers and chauffeurs 520 12.20 25,380 12.24
Motor vehicle operators, all other 250 11.34 23,580 11.70
Parking lot attendants 320 8.72 18,140 8.61
Service station attendants (3) 7.49 15,590 6.85
Transportation inspectors 130 22.52 46,830 19.47
Crane and tower operators 80 22.25 46,270 22.69
Excavating and loading machine and dragline operators 160 15.83 32,930 15.47
Industrial truck and tractor operators 1,890 15.18 31,570 14.18
Cleaners of vehicles and equipment 870 9.91 20,620 9.17
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand 5,530 11.40 23,720 10.72
Machine feeders and offbearers 280 10.85 22,580 10.27
Packers and packagers, hand 1,610 8.89 18,500 8.27
Refuse and recyclable material collectors 570 13.46 28,000 13.27
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1/Annual wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a 'year-round, full-time'
hours figure of 2,080 hours; for those occupations where there is not an hourly mean wage published,
the annual wage has been directly calculated from the reported survey data.
2/Hourly wage rates for occupations where workers typically work fewer than 2,080 hours per year are
not available.
3/Indicates that an employment estimate is not available.
4/Indicates that a wage estimate is not available.
5/There is a wide variation in the number of hours worked by those employed as actors, dancers, singers,
and musicians. Many jobs are for the duration of 1 day or 1 week, and it is extremely rare for a
performer to have guaranteed employment for a period that exceeds 3 to 6 months. Therefore only hourly
wages are available for these occupations.
6/Represents a wage above $70.00 per hour.
Last Modified Date: March 31, 2006
