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Sponsored by: |
Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center |
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Information provided by: | Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center |
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: | NCT00838188 |
OBJECTIVE. Neonatologists consider early feeding at the breast to be too tiring for preterm infants, although there is no evidence that this is actually the case. It is also not known whether the method of feeding affects energy expenditure. We hypothesized that resting energy expenditure (REE) would be higher after breastfeeding than after bottle feeding. PATIENTS AND METHODS. preterm ( >32 weeks GA) stable infants who are nourished entirely by their mothers' breast milk will be studied when fed expressed breast milk either by bottle or at the breast. REE will be measured for 20 minutes after feeding. Breast milk quantity is evaluated by pre- and post feeding weighing.
Condition | Intervention |
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Preterm Infants |
Other: Way of Feeding - Breast feeding vs. Bottle feeding |
Study Type: | Observational |
Study Design: | Case-Crossover, Prospective |
Official Title: | Energy Expenditure in Breast and Bottle Feeding Preterm Infants Fed Their Mother's Breast Milk |
Maternal breast milk
Enrollment: | 23 |
Study Start Date: | November 2007 |
Study Completion Date: | March 2008 |
Groups/Cohorts | Assigned Interventions |
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1
computer-generated random numbers in sealed opaque envelopes to assign the breast/bottle sequence
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Other: Way of Feeding - Breast feeding vs. Bottle feeding
Each infant was evaluated twice, once after breastfeeding and once after bottle feeding of breast. Computer-generated random numbers in sealed opaque envelopes to assign the breast/bottle sequence
|
2
computer-generated random numbers in sealed opaque envelopes to assign the breast/bottle sequence
|
Other: Way of Feeding - Breast feeding vs. Bottle feeding
Each infant was evaluated twice, once after breastfeeding and once after bottle feeding of breast. Computer-generated random numbers in sealed opaque envelopes to assign the breast/bottle sequence
|
Breast - feeding first
computer-generated random numbers in sealed opaque envelopes to assign the breast/bottle sequence
|
Other: Way of Feeding - Breast feeding vs. Bottle feeding
Each infant was evaluated twice, once after breastfeeding and once after bottle feeding of breast. Computer-generated random numbers in sealed opaque envelopes to assign the breast/bottle sequence
|
Bottle first
computer-generated random numbers in sealed opaque envelopes to assign the breast/bottle sequence
|
Other: Way of Feeding - Breast feeding vs. Bottle feeding
Each infant was evaluated twice, once after breastfeeding and once after bottle feeding of breast. Computer-generated random numbers in sealed opaque envelopes to assign the breast/bottle sequence
|
Way of feeding
Each infant is evaluated twice, once after breastfeeding and once after bottle feeding of breast milk using a Premature Nipple & Ring (Ross Products Division, Columbus OH, USA). In this way, each infant serves as its own control. REE is recorded for 20 minutes after each meal
|
Other: Way of Feeding - Breast feeding vs. Bottle feeding
Each infant was evaluated twice, once after breastfeeding and once after bottle feeding of breast. Computer-generated random numbers in sealed opaque envelopes to assign the breast/bottle sequence
|
Most VLBW infants cannot be fed at the breast upon birth, and expressed breast milk by gastric tube is thus recommended. Sucking skills mature at around 34 weeks when nipple-feeding is introduced. In the absence of evidence-based data to decide the best timing to introduce breastfeeding, many clinicians use empiric criteria, such as the infant's weight, gestational age, and the ability of infants to bottle feed as proxies of readiness to breastfeed.
Despite some evidence of physiological benefits of preterm infants feeding at the breast, many neonatologists consider direct breastfeeding to be too fatiguing for preterm infants. It is not known, however, whether preterm infants who are breastfed expend more energy than bottle-fed infants
Ages Eligible for Study: | 34 Weeks to 40 Weeks |
Genders Eligible for Study: | Both |
Accepts Healthy Volunteers: | No |
Sampling Method: | Non-Probability Sample |
Preterm infants born after 32 weeks of gestation, when they reached the corrected gestational age of 34 weeks or more.
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Israel | |
Sourasky Medical Center | |
Tel-Aviv, Israel | |
Department of Neonatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center | |
Tel Aviv, Israel |
Principal Investigator: | Irit Berger, MD | Unaffiliated |
Responsible Party: | Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center ( Irit berger Dr. ) |
Study ID Numbers: | 920060356 |
Study First Received: | February 5, 2009 |
Last Updated: | February 5, 2009 |
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: | NCT00838188 History of Changes |
Health Authority: | Israel: Ministry of Health |
Metabolic rate indirect calorimetry oral feeding |