Monthly contributor to Forecasters' Forum section of "Climate Diagnostics Bulletin," National Weather Service, NMC, Washington DC. Current forecast.
- Newman, M., P. D. Sardeshmukh, and C. Penland, 2009: How important is air-sea coupling in ENSO and MJO evolution? J. Climate, in press.
- Ewald, B., and C. Penland, 2009: Numerical Generation of Stochastic Differen
tial Equations in Climate Models. In Handbook of Numerical Analysis: Computa
tional Methods for the Atmosphere and the Oceans, Elsevier, R. Temam and J.
Tribbia, eds., North-Holland/Elsevier, Amsterdam (reviewed).
- Penland, C., and B.D. Ewald, 2008: On Modeling Physical Systems with Stochastic Differential Equations: Diffusion vs. Levy Processes. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Meteorological Society., 366, 2457-2476.
- Penland, C., and L. Matrosova, 2008: A Southern Hemisphere footprint in American Midwest Precipitation. Geophysical Research Letters, 35, L09703, doi:10.1029/2008GL033612.
- Tziperman, E., L. Zanna, and C. Penland, 2008: Non-normal thermohaline circulation dynamics in a coupled ocean-atmosphere GCM. J. Phys. Oceanog., 38, 588-604.
- Alexander, M. A., L. Matrosova, C. Penland, J. D. Scott, and P. Chang, 2008: Forecasting Pacific SSTs: Linear Inverse Model Predictions of the PDO. J. Climate, 21, 385-402.
- Penland, C.: 2007: Stochastic Linear Models of Nonlinear Geosystems. In Nonlinear Dynamics in Geosystems,
A. Tsonis and J. Elsner, eds., Springer, 604pp, New York (reviewed).
- Hansen, J., and C. Penland, 2007: On Stochastic Parameter Estimation using Data Assimilation, Physica D, 230, 88-98.
- Penland, C., and L. Matrosova, 2006: Studies of El Nino and interdecadal variability in tropical sea surface temperatures using a nonnormal filter. J. Climate, 19, 5796-5815.
- Hansen, J., and C. Penland, 2006: Efficient approximation techniques for integrating stochastic differential equations. Monthly Weather Review, 134, 3006-3014.
Penland,C., and L. Matrosova, 2006: Enhanced predictability of Caribbean sea surface temperatures using a nonnormal filter. Proc. Caribbean Climate Symposium, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, 24-25 April 2006.
Penland, C., and P. Sura, 2005: Sensitivity of an ocean model to "details" of stochastic forcing. Proc. ECMWF Workshop on Represenation of Subscale Processes using Stochastic-Dynamic Models.. Reading, England, 6-8 June 2005.
- Sura, P., M. Newman, C. Penland, and P.D. Sardeshmukh, 2005: Multiplicative noise and non-Gaussianity: A paradigm for atmospheric regimes? J. Atmos. Sci.,62, 1391-1409.
- Fluegel, M., P. Chang, and C. Penland, 2004: The role of stochastic forcing in modulating ENSO predictability, J. Climate, 17, 3125-3140.
- Ewald, B., C. Penland, and R, Temam, 2004: Accurate Integration of Stochastic Climate Models. Monthly Weather Review, 132, 154-164.
Penland, C., and L. Matrosova, 2004: Getting Rid of El Nino. Proc. 17th Conf. on Probability and Statistics, Seattle, WA, Jan. 2004.
- Sardehmukh, P., C. Penland, and M. Newman, 2003: Drifts induced by multiplicative red noise with application to climate. Europhysics Letters, 63, 498-504.
- Penland, C., 2003: Noise out of chaos and why it won't go away. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 84, 921-925.
- Penland, C., 2003: A Stochastic approach to Nonlinear Dynamics: A Review (Electonic supplement to 'Noise out of chaos and why it won't go away'). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 84, ES43-ES51.
Compo, G., P. Sardeshmukh, and C. Penland, 2002: Predictability of anomalous storm tracks. The Climate Report, 3, 2-6.
- Penland, C., 2002: On the Perception of Probabilistic Forecasts, in Facts and Speculation about La Nina and its Societal Impacts. ed. M.H. Glantz, United Nations University Press, Tokyo, 253-255 (reviewed).
- Sura, P., and C. Penland, 2002: Sensitivity of a Double-Gyre Ocean Model to Details of Stochastic Forcing, Ocean Modelling, 4, 327-345.
Sardeshmukh, P., C. Penland and M. Newman, 2001: Climate drifts and variability induced by noise, Proc. 25th Climate Diganostics Workshop, Palisades, NY, Oct. 2000. U.S. Dept. Commerce, Springfield, VA.
- Compo, G. P., P. D. Sardeshmukh, and C. Penland, 2001: Changes of Subseasonal Variability associated with El Nino, Journal of Climate, 14, 3356-3374.
- Penland, C., and L. Matrosova, 2001: Expected and Actual Errors of Linear Inverse Modeling Forecasts, Monthly Weather Review, 129, 1740-1745.
- Sardeshmukh, P. D., C. Penland, and M. Newman, 2001: Rossby waves in a fluctuating medium, Stochastic Climate Models, ed. P. Imkeller and J.-S. von Storch, Progress in Probability, 49, Birkhaueser, Basel (reviewed).
- Sardeshmukh, P. D., G. P. Compo, and C. Penland, 2000: Changes of probability associated with El Nino, J. Climate, 13, 4268-4286.
- Weickmann, K., W. A. Robinson, and C. Penland, 2000: Stochastic and oscillatory forcing of global atmospheric angular momentum, J. Geophysical Research, 105, 15 543 - 15 557.
Penland, C., and L. Matrosova, 2000: Nonnormal El Nino Evolution in the Early 20th Century, Proc. 24st Climate Diagnostics Workshop, Tucson, AZ, 1-5 Nov., 1999. U. S. Dept. Commerce. Springfield, VA.
- Penland, C., M. Fluegel, and P. Chang, 2000: The identification of dynamical regimes in an intermediate coupled ocean-atmosphere model, J. Climate, 13, 2105-2115.
Sardeshmukh, P. D., G. P. Compo, and C. Penland, 1999: Changes of probability associated with El Nino, Proc. 8th Conference on Climate Variations, Denver, CO.
Penland, C., and K. Weickmann, 1999: Linear Inverse Modeling: The good and the not-so-good, Proc. COARE98 Conference, Boulder, CO, 7-14 July, 1998. pg333-334.
- Chang, P., L. Ji, H. Li, C. Penland, and L. Matrosova, 1998: Prediction of tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature, Geophysical Research Letters, 25, 1193-1196.
Penland, C., 1998: The effect of additive noise on the tau-test, Proc. 22st Climate Diagnostics Workshop,Berkeley, CA, 5-10 Oct., 1997. U. S. Dept. Commerce. Springfield, VA.
- Penland, C., and L. Matrosova, 1998: Prediction of tropical Atlantic sea surface temperatures using Linear Inverse Modeling J. Climate, 11, 483-496.
Penland, C., and L. Matrosova, 1997: Prediction of sea surface temperature anomalies in the Cuban sector, Boletín de Meteorología, July issue.
Penland, C., and L. Matrosova, 1997: "On the prediction of tropical Atlantic sea surface temperatures," Proc. 21st Climate Diagnostics Workshop, Huntsville, AL, 28 Oct. - 1 Nov., 1996. U. S. Dept. Commerce. Springfield, VA.
- Newman, M., P. D. Sardeshmukh and C. Penland, 1997: Stochastic forcing of the wintertime extratropical flow, J. Atmos. Sci, 54, 435-455.
- Penland, C., 1996: A stochastic model of IndoPacific sea surface temperature anomalies, Physica D, 98, 534-558.
- Alexander, M. A., and C. Penland, 1996: Variability in a mixed layer ocean model driven by stochastic atmospheric forcing, J. Climate, 9, 2424-2442.
Penland, C., 1996: On the phase-locking between El Niño and the annual cycle, Proc. 20th Climate Diagnostics Workshop, Seattle, WA, 23-27 Oct., 1995. U. S. Dept. Commerce. Springfield, VA.
- Penland, C., and P. D. Sardeshmukh, 1995: The optimal growth of tropical sea surface temperature anomalies, J. Climate, 8, 1999-2024.
- Penland, C., and P. D. Sardeshmukh, 1995: Error and sensitivity analysis of geophysical systems, J. Climate, 8, 1988-1998.
Penland, C., and P.D.Sardeshmukh, 1995: Uncertainty analysis of a linear system, Proc. 19h Climate Diagnostics Workshop, College Park MD, Nov. 13-18, 1994, U. S. Dept. Commerce. Springfield, VA.
Alexander, M., and C. Penland 1995: Variability in a mixed-layer model of the upper ocean driven by stochastic atmospheric surface conditions, Proc. 19h Climate Diagnostics Workshop, College Park MD, Nov. 13-18, 1994, U. S. Dept. Commerce. Springfield, VA.
Newman, M., P.D.Sardeshmukh, and C. Penland 1995: Stochastic forcing of low frequency variability, Proc. 19h Climate Diagnostics Workshop, College Park MD, Nov. 13-18, 1994, U. S. Dept. Commerce. Springfield, VA.
Poveda, G., and C. Penland, 1994: Predicción de caudales medios en Colombia usando Modelación Lineal Inversa, Proc. XVI Congreso Latinoamericano de Hydraulica, Santiago, Chile, IAHR, November 1994.
- Penland, C., And L. Matrosova, 1994: A balance condition for stochastic numerical models with application to the El Niño - Southern Oscillation, J. Climate, 7, 1352-1372.
Penland, C., and P. D. Sardeshmukh, 1994: Nonmodal growth of tropical sea surface temperatures, Proc. 6th Conf. on Climate Variations, Nashville, Jan. 23-28, 1994, Amer. Met. Soc. Boston.
Penland, C., and L. Matrosova, 1994: An Empirical-Dynamical Model of Sea Surface Temperatures, Proc. 18th Climate Diagnostics Workshop, Boulder, Nov. 1-5, 1993, U. S. Dept. Commerce. Springfield, VA.
- Penland, C., and M. Ghil, 1993: Forecasting Northern Hemisphere 700mb Geopotential Height Anomalies using Empirical Normal Modes, Monthly Weather Review, 121, 2355-2371.
- Penland, C., and T. Magorian, 1993: Prediction of Niño 3 Sea-surface Temperature Anomalies using Linear Inverse Modeling,J. Climate, 6, 1067-1075.
- García, A., D. Morris, J. Stroh, and C. Penland, 1992: Modeling Complex Phenomena in Fluids, . In Modeling Complex Phenomena, Proc. Third Woodward Conf., San José, April 12-13,1991, Ed. L. Lam, Springer Verlag, New York (reviewed).
Penland, C., and T. Magorian, 1991: Prediction of Niño 3 Sea-surface Temperature Anomalies using Linear Inverse Modeling, Proceedings 16h Annual Climate Diagnostics Workshop, pg 354.
Penland, C., and M. Ghil, 1991: Deterministic Teleconnections and 'Random' Forcing by Transient Eddies, Proceedings Eighth Conference on Atmospheric and Oceanic Waves and Stability, Denver.
- Penland, C., M. Ghil, and K. Weickmann, 1991: Adaptive Filtering and Maximum Entropy Spectra, with Application to Changes in Atmospheric Angular Momentum, Journal of Geophysical Research, 96, 22659 - 22671.
- García, A., and C. Penland, 1991: Fluctuating Hydrodynamics and Principal Oscillation Pattern Analysis, Journal of Statistical Physics, 64, 1121-1132.
Penland, C., and M Ghil, 1990: Principal Oscillation Patterns used in Forecasting, Proceedings 15th Annual Climate Diagnostics Workshop, pg 355.
Penland, C., and M. Ghil, 1989: Use of Principal Oscillation Patterns in Forecasting, Proceedings, 11th Conference on Probability and Statistics in Atmospheric Sciences, Monterrey.
- Penland, C, 1989: Random Forcing and Forecasting using Principal Oscillation Pattern Analysis, Monthly Weather Review, 117, 2165-2185.
- Penland, C., 1988: The Distribution of Random Segment Lengths, Geophysical Research Letters, 15, 1405-1408.
Von Storch, H., P. Lemke, and C. Penland, 1987: Principal Oscillation Pattern Analysis of Sea Ice Data, Report for the European Community, Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie.
- Penland, C., 1985: "Acoustic Normal Mode Propagation Through a Three-Dimensional Internal Wave Field," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 78, 1356-1365.
Penland, C., 1983: The Interplay of Absorption and Internal Wave-Induced Mode Coupling in Seawater, Proceedings of the Stochastic Modeling Workshop, held at Naval Research Lab. (NRL), Wash. DC.
- Koch, R. A., C. Penland, P. J. Vidmar, and K. Hawker, 1983: "On the Calculation of Normal Mode Group Velocity and Attenuation," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 73, 820-825.