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Sugar
and Sweeteners Outlook (January,
May, and September) provide an update of current market
and policy developments and their impacts on the sugar
and corn sweetener industries.
The EU Sugar Policy Regime and Implications of Reform (July 2008) examines European Union’s sugar policy, which underwent its first major reform in 2005 in response to mounting and unsustainable imbalances in supply and demand. The reform targeted only a few policy instruments (intervention price cut, voluntary production quota buyout, and restrictions on nonquota sugar exports), while leaving other key policies unchanged (interstate quota trading, sugar-substitute competition, and import barriers). A model-based analysis suggests that the initial reforms by themselves are unlikely to reduce overproduction due to the oligopolistic nature of the EU sugar market.
Global Biofuels Market Boosts Sugar Ethanol Industry in Latin America (May 2008, page 41 of PDF) reports that several countries in Latin America, besides Brazil, have policies and programs to expand production of liquid biofuels from biomass in the coming decades. This article analyzes developments that aim to reduce dependence on imported transportation fuels and to reduce poverty by engaging farmers in growing ethanol-producing crops.
Western Hemisphere Sugar (May 2008, page 22 of PDF) analyzes the sugar industries of leading sugar-producing countries in the Western Hemisphere. This article highlights recent developments and trends in production, consumption, trade, and policy in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, the Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Jamaica, and Peru.
Processor Production Forecast Accuracy (January 2008, page 37 of PDF) analyzes forecasts from processors for U.S. sugar beet and sugarcane production before and after implementation of the 2002 Farm Act. Accurate forecasts are needed to administer marketing allotments, which are part of the price support program for sugar. Have processors become more accurate in their forecasts? Has there been a tendency to overestimate or underestimate production since 2002?
Sugar
Backgrounder (July
2007) addresses
key domestic and international market and policy developments
that have affected the U.S. sugar sector in recent years.
It provides descriptions and analyses of farm-level production
of U.S. sugar crops, cane and beet sugar processing and
refining industries, sugar imports and exports, and sugar
consumption.
Ethanol Demand
Driving the Expansion of Brazil’s
Sugar Industry (June
2007) assesses the recent expansion of Brazil’s
sugar and ethanol industries due to rising crude oil
prices, expanding global development of renewable energy,
and growing domestic demand for ethanol. As ethanol in
Brazil is made from sugarcane, sugar industry developments
are now increasingly linked to policy initiatives in
ethanol markets.
Mexico Overview (May
2006) reviews sweetener issues in Mexico through spring
of 2006. It presents data and analysis on issues of production,
trade, consumption, and policy for both sugar and high
fructose corn syrup.
USDA's Sugar
Program Response in FY 2005 to Weather Disasters (May
2006) examines how USDA responded to the disabling of
cane refineries in Louisiana due to Hurricane Katrina
and to the poor early sugar beet harvest in the Red River
Valley in the Upper Midwest. According to the analysis,
USDA actions allowed for the entry of an additional 560,054
tons of sugar into the market but, due to a variety of
factors, only 384,725 tons actually entered.
European
Union-25 Sugar Policy (January
2006) assesses recent changes in European Union (EU)
sugar policy, which will be implemented in July 2006
and include a price reduction of 36 percent to be
phased in by the 2009/10 marketing year. Analysis
shows a reduction in EU sugar production and a virtual
elimination of EU sugar exports, with a resulting
increase in the world price of sugar.
Sweetener
Consumption in the United States: Distribution by
Demographic and Product Characteristics (August
2005) reports findings for sweetener consumption by
income and demographic characteristics. Among the conclusions:
per capita sweetener consumption is highest in the
Midwest and lowest in the Northeast and sweetener consumption
tends to rise with increased income up to a certain
level and then fall.
U.S. Sugar
in the FTAA (March
2004) uses the USDA sugar projections baseline model
to analyze the effects of several market access options.
As part of this analysis, this chapter in U.S.
Agriculture and the Free Trade Area of the Americas
(FTAA) examines the cost structures of Western Hemisphere
sugar-producing sectors and the ability of those countries
to supply the U.S. market.
Characteristics and
Production Costs of U.S. Sugarbeet Farms (November
2004) summarizes production and financial information
related to the 2000 sugar beet crop. Sugar beet production
and costs varied considerably across farms and regions
in the United States on both a per-acre and a per-ton
basis, according to a USDA survey of farmers in 2000.
Measuring
the Effect of Imports of Sugar-Containing Products
on U.S. Sugar Deliveries (September 2003) analyzes
the effects of imports of sugar-containing products
on the level of sugar deliveries to U.S. industrial
endusers of sugar.
Program-Induced
Behavior Affects the Data (May
2003) analyzes how U.S. sugar marketing allotments
affected firms' incentives to transfer ownership of
sugar prior to the onset of marketing allotments in
October 2002 and how that behavior affected the sugar
supply and utilization reported in USDA's World
Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates report.
World Sugar Policy
Review (January
2003) provides summaries of sugar policy regimes in
select sugar producing and exporting countries.
Sweetener
Policies in Japan (September
2002) provides a detailed description and analysis
of policies used by Japan to support its sugar producers
and to regulate sweetener markets. Domestic policies
include price floors for cane and beet farmers, subsidies
to sugar refiners to compensate for the high cost
of domestic sugarcane and sugar beets, and quantity
limits on the production of high-fructose corn syrup.
U.S.
Sugar Policy Under the 2002 Farm Act (September
2002) (scroll down to middle of page 1) provides a
concise profile of the new sugar title of the Farm
Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002.
Imports of
Certain Sugar Syrups Rise Dramatically in the 1990s (January
2001) projects that sugar syrups described under Harmonized
Tariff Code 1702.90.4000, which enter the United States
outside the sugar tariff-rate quota and at relatively
low duties, could add as much as 125,000 tons in fiscal
2001 to a swollen U.S. sugar supply.
Weak
Prices Test U.S. Sugar Policy (September 2000)
finds that domestic sugar production and imports are
exceeding domestic consumption, making it difficult
to keep prices above support levels without policy
tradeoffs.
Returns from
Mexican Sugar Processing: Measuring the Contribution
of Capacity Usage, Technological Adaption, and Output
Prices (May
2000) examines the profitability of the Mexican sugar
processing sector and its ability to adjust to price
incentives and technology in the expanded North American
sugar market.
Conceptual Overview
of the U.S. Sugar Baseline: Incorporating the Effects
of the North American Free Trade Agreement (January
2000) finds that the United States will be importing
more sugar from Mexico over the next decade, due largely
to NAFTA.
U.S.-Mexico
Sweetener Trade Mired in Dispute (September
1999) reviews disputes between the two countries over
sugar and sweetener issues and highlights the potential
consequences of increased imports on the U.S. sugar
industry.
Early Season
USDA Projections of Sugar Production (May
1999) examines methods used in the early projection
period by the USDA Interagency Commodity Estimates
Committee (ICEC) to forecast U.S. sugar production.
"Implications of NAFTA Duty Reductions for the
U.S. Sugar Market" in February
1999 Sugar and Sweetener Outlook
(text only) offers an analysis of Mexican sugar support
policies and the Mexican sugar industry as Mexico and
the United States move toward integrated sugar markets
in 2008.
The Rise and
Decline of Puerto Rico's Sugar Economy (December
1998) analyzes the Puerto Rico's shift from being
a raw sugar supplier to the United States to importing
sugar to meet domestic needs.
Auctioning
Tariff Quotas for U.S. Sugar Imports (May
1998) analyzes the current U.S. raw cane sugar tariff-rate
quota allocations to 40 countries and discusses an
auctioning system for the sugar tariff-rate quota.
U.S.
and World Sugar and HFCS Production Costs, 1989/90-1994/95 (May
1998) reports on yearly trends in costs of sugar production
for groups of major sugar exporters.
Origin of the
U.S. Sugar Import Tariff-Rate Quota Shares (September
1997) describes the beginnings of the tariff-rate
quota system for administering U.S. sugar imports
and provides data on how individual country quota
shares are determined.
The Central
American Sugar Industry (December
1996) discusses the economic importance of the sugar
industry to Central American countries.
Sugar: Background for
1995 Farm Legislation (April
1995) and
Sugar: Background for 1990 Farm Legislation (February 1990) provide historical analysis of U.S. sugar and sweetener
production, processing, consumption, trade, and policy.
A History of Sugar Marketing
Through 1974 (March 1978) describes and analyzes
the U.S. system of regulating production, importation,
and marketing of sugar from Colonial times up to the
demise of the Sugar Act in 1974.
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