Cancer Sites and Variables
Delay-adjusted incidence rates and trends are reported for all cancers combined (malignant only except for urinary
bladder), for female breast in situ, for urinary bladder (in situ and malignant), and for 22 malignant cancer sites:
melanoma (for all races combined and whites only), lung/bronchus, colon/rectum, prostate, female breast, liver and intrahepatic bile duct,
pancreas, cervix uteri, corpus and uterus, ovary, testis, kidney and renal pelvis, brain and other nervous system,
Hodgkin lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, all leukemias, esophagus, larynx, myeloma, oral cavity and pharynx, thyroid,
and stomach.
A delay distribution models the probability of a cancer being reported after a delay of d years (d
= 2, 3, ...25). The number of cancers reported at each delay year is assumed to follow a Poisson distribution. Cases
are removed as corrections to the data are made, and the probability of removing cases is modeled as a binomial distribution.
To reduce the number of parameters that have to be estimated and to achieve stability in the tails of the delay distributions,
an assumption is made that all cancer cases will be reported within 25 years of diagnosis.
Covariates Used in the Final Delay Distributions, By Cancer Site, and Race
The delay distributions were modeled as a function of covariates using a discrete-time proportional hazards model.
The following potential covariates are included: age at diagnosis, sex, diagnosis year, delay times, and race/ethnicity.
For each cancer site, a delay distribution was calculated for all races combined and a separate delay distribution
was calculated for whites and blacks. In the distributions for all races combined, if a patient's race value changed
between two submission years the change of value does not contribute to the delay model. For melanoma, only all races
combined and whites were analyzed because melanoma is rare for blacks
Potential Covariates
Delay Time d:
Group 1 : d > 2 or d > 3
Group 2 : d > 2, d > 3, d > 4, or d > 5
Group 3 : d > 2, d > 3, ... , d > 10
Year of Diagnosis:
Individual years from 1981 - 2005
or
Year groups (1981-1985, 1986-1990, or 1991-2005)
Age at Diagnosis:
<50, 50-64, 65+
Sex:
Male, Female
Race/Ethnicity:
White, Black
Covariates contributing to the delay distributions
All Sites, All Races Combined
Contributing Covariates: Delay Time Group 2, Year of Diagnosis (Individual
years), Sex
All Sites, White and Black
Contributing Covariates: Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual
years), Sex, Race
Brain & CNS, All Races Combined
Contributing Covariates: Delay Time Group 1, Sex
Brain & CNS, White and Black
Contributing Covariates: Delay Time Group 2, Age at Diagnosis, Sex, Race
In situ Female Breast, All Races Combined
Contributing Covariates: Delay Time Group 3, Year of Diagnosis (Individual
Years)
In situ Female Breast, White and Black
Contributing Covariates: Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual
Years), Race
Female Breast, All Races Combined
Contributing Covariates: Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual
Years)
Female Breast, White and Black
Contributing Covariates: Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual
Years), Race
Cervix, All Races Combined
Contributing Covariates: Delay Time Group 2
Cervix, White and Black
Contributing Covariates: Delay Time Group 1
Colorectal, All Races Combined
Contributing Covariates: Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Year Groups)
Colorectal, White and Black
Contributing Covariates: Delay Time Group 2, Year of Diagnosis (Individual
Years), Race
Corpus & Uterus, NOS, All Races Combined
Contributing Covariates: Delay Time Group 2, Year of Diagnosis (Year Groups)
Corpus & Uterus, NOS, White and Black
Contributing Covariates: Delay Time Group 2, Year of Diagnosis (Individual
Years), Race
Esophagus, All Races Combined
Contributing Covariates: Delay Time Group 2
Esophagus, White and Black
Contributing Covariates: Delay Time Group 2, Sex, Race
Hodgkin Lymphoma, All Races Combined
Contributing Covariates: Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Year Groups)
Hodgkin Lymphoma, White and Black
Contributing Covariates: Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Year Groups)
Kidney and Renal Pelvis, All Races Combined
Contributing Covariates: Delay Time Group 2, Year of Diagnosis (Individual
Years)
Kidney and Renal Pelvis, White and Black
Contributing Covariates: Delay Time Group 2, Race
Larynx, All Races Combined
Contributing Covariates: Delay Time Group 1
Larynx, White and Black
Contributing Covariates: Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual
Years), Race
Leukemia, All Races Combined
Contributing Covariates: Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual
Years), Age at Diagnosis
Leukemia, White and Black
Contributing Covariates: Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual
Years)
Liver & IBD, All Races Combined
Contributing Covariates: Delay Time Group 1 Year of Diagnosis (Individual
Years)
Liver & IBD, White and Black
Contributing Covariates: Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual
Years), Race
Lung & Bronchus, All Races Combined
Contributing Covariates: Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Year
Groups), Sex
Lung & Bronchus, White and Black
Contributing Covariates: Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual
Years), Race
Melanoma of the Skin, All Races Combined
Contributing Covariates: Delay Time Group 2, Year of Diagnosis (Individual
Years)
Melanoma of the Skin, White Patients Only
Contributing Covariates: Delay Time Group 2, Year of Diagnosis (Individual
Years)
Myeloma, All Races Combined
Contributing Covariates: Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual
Years), Sex
Myeloma, White and Black
Contributing Covariates: Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual
Years), Sex, Race
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, All Races Combined
Contributing Covariates: Delay Time Group 1, , Year of Diagnosis (Year
Groups)
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, White and Black
Contributing Covariates: Delay Time Group 2, Year of Diagnosis (Individual
Years), Race
Oral Cavity and Pharynx, All Races Combined
Contributing Covariates: Delay Time Group 2, Year of Diagnosis (Individual
Years), Sex
Oral Cavity and Pharynx, White and Black
Contributing Covariates: Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual
Years), Sex
Ovary, All Races Combined
Contributing Covariates: Delay Time Group 3, Year of Diagnosis (Individual
Years)
Ovary, White and Black
Contributing Covariates: Delay Time Group 3, Race
Pancreas, All Races Combined
Contributing Covariates: Delay Time Group 1, Sex
Pancreas, White and Black
Contributing Covariates: Delay Time Group 1, Sex, Race
Prostate, All Races Combined
Contributing Covariates: Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual
Years), Age at Diagnosis
Prostate, White and Black
Contributing Covariates: Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual
Years), Age at Diagnosis, Race
Stomach, All Races Combined
Contributing Covariates: Delay Time Group 1, Sex
Stomach, White and Black
Contributing Covariates: Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual
Years), Sex, Race
Testis, All Races Combined
Contributing Covariates: Delay Time Group 1
Testis, White and Black
Contributing Covariates: Delay Time Group 2, Year of Diagnosis (Individual
Years)
Thyroid, All Races Combined
Contributing Covariates: Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual
Years)
Thyroid, White and Black
Contributing Covariates: Delay Time Group 1, Year of Diagnosis (Individual
Years), Sex
Urinary Bladder, All Races Combined
Contributing Covariates: Delay Time Group 2
Urinary Bladder, White and Black
Contributing Covariates: Delay Time Group 2, Year of Diagnosis (Year
Groups), Sex, Race
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