Use your browser's BACK button to return to your page of origin.
High
rate of bacterial vaginosis among women with intrauterine devices in
Manado, Indonesia.
Contraception 2001;64(3):169-172.
Joesoef MR, Karundeng A, Runtupalit C, Moran JS, Lewis JS, Ryan CA.
Abstract
Recent research reported that bacterial vaginosis (BV) might enhance
the acquisition and transmission of HIV. BV is also associated with an
increased risk of pelvic inflammatory disease, a disease also associated
with intrauterine device (IUD) insertion. To measure the magnitude of
this problem, we conducted a prevalence survey of BV and sexually transmitted
diseases (STDs; defined as current infections with Neisseria gonorrhoeae,
Chlamydia trachomatis, and/or Trichomonas vaginalis) among all patients
attending a family planning clinic in Manado from May to July 1999. BV
was diagnosed by Gram stain using Nugent's criteria and vaginal trichomoniasis
by wet mount or culture. Cervical infections with C. trachomatis and
N. gonorrhoeae were diagnosed by DNA probe. Of 357 patients, 116 (32.5%)
had BV, 83 (23.3%) had trichomoniasis, 9 (2.5%) had chlamydia, and 8
(2.2%) had gonorrhea. The prevalence of STD was similar among users of
all types of contraception. However, BV was more common among IUD users
(47.2%) than among non-IUD users (29.9%). This association persisted
after controlling for age, education, ever had douching, and any STD
(odds ratio 2.0, 95% CI 1.1-3.8). BV was also associated with STD (41.3%
in women with STD vs. 29.4% in women without). This association remained
significant after adjusting for age, education, ever had douching, and
IUD use (odds ratio 1.7, 95% CI 1.1-2.9). Because we found that BV was
associated with IUDs and that other studies reported that both BV and
IUDs were associated with pelvic inflammatory disease, a Gram stain evaluation
of BV may be considered prior to IUD insertion.