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Scientific
References
This section of the website features journal references
relevant to grass-based production.
The references are sorted into the categories listed directly below. Click
on the links to jump to a specific category.
- Fats in products from pasture-raised
and confinement-raised animals
- Health benefits of diets
with a low ratio of Omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids.
- Vitamin content of products
from pasture-raised and confinement-raised animals
- Environmental consequences of
grass-based versus confinement-based
animal production
- Animal health and welfare in grass-based
and confinement-based animal
production
- Questionable ingredients in
feedlot diets
- Consequences of the use of feed
antibiotics, steroids, and other drugs in
animal production
- Worker health in animal confinement
operations
- Meat quality
- Food Safety
- Added health benefits of products from pastured animals
1) Fats in products from
pasture-raised and confinement-raised animals
| AbuGhazaleh, A. A., D. J. Schingoethe, A. R. Hippen,
and K. F. Kalscheur. "Milk Conjugated Linoleic Acid Response
to Fish Oil Supplementation of Diets Differing in Fatty Acid Profiles."
J Dairy Sci 86, no. 3 (2003): 944-53. |
| Ahn, D. U., H. H. Sunwoo, F. H. Wolfe, and J. S. Sim. "Effects
of Dietary Alpha-Linolenic Acid and Strain of Hen on the Fatty Acid
Composition, Storage Stability, and Flavor Characteristics of Chicken
Eggs." Poult Sci 74, no. 9 (1995): 1540-7. |
| Bauman, D. E., D. M. Barbano, D. A. Dwyer, and J. M. Griinari.
"Technical Note: Production of Butter with Enhanced Conjugated
Linoleic Acid for Use in Biomedical Studies with Animal Models "
J Dairy Sci 83, no. 11 (2000): 2422-5. |
| Bendall, J. G. "Aroma Compounds of Fresh Milk from New Zealand
Cows Fed Different Diets." J Agric Food Chem 49, no. 10 (2001):
4825-32. |
| Chilliard, Y., A. Ferlay, and M. Doreau. "Effect of Different
Types of Forages, Animal Fat or Marine Oils in Cow's Diet on Milk
Fat Secretion and Composition, Especially Conjugated Linoleic Acid
(Cla) and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids." 70, no. 1-2 (2000):
31-48. |
| Chouinard, P. Y., L. Corneau, W. R. Butler, Y. Chilliard, J. K.
Drackley, and D. E. Bauman. "Effect of Dietary Lipid Source
on Conjugated Linoleic Acid Concentrations in Milk Fat." J
Dairy Sci 84, no. 3 (2001): 680-90. |
Collomb, M., U. Butikofer, R. Sieber, O. Bosset,
and B. Jeangros. "Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Trans Fatty
Acid Composition of Cows' Milk Fat Produced in Lowlands and Highlands."
J Dairy Res 68, no. 3 (2001): 519-23. |
| Cordain, L., S. B. Eaton, J. B. Miller, N. Mann, and K. Hill.
"The Paradoxical Nature of Hunter-Gatherer Diets: Meat-Based,
yet Non-Atherogenic." Eur J Clin Nutr 56 Suppl 1 (2002): S42-52. |
| Cordain, L., B. A. Watkins, G. L. Florant, M. Kelher,
L. Rogers, and Y. Li. "Fatty Acid Analysis of Wild Ruminant
Tissues: Evolutionary Implications for Reducing Diet-Related Chronic
Disease." Eur J Clin Nutr 56, no. 3 (2002): 181-91. |
| Couvreur, S., C. Hurtau*,1, C. Lopez,
L. Delaby and J. L. Peyraud. “The
Linear Relationship between the Proportion of Fresh Grass in the
Cow Diet, Milk Fatty Acid Composition, and Butter Properties” Journal
of Dairy Science, 2006. 89:1956–1969. [Note:
study available free of charge at the Journal
of Dairy Science website.] |
| Dannenberger, D., G. Nuernberg, et al. (2007). "Diet Alters
the Fatty Acid Composition of Individual Phospholipid Classes in
Beef Muscle." J Agric Food Chem 55(2): 452-460 |
| Davidson, B. C. "Seasonal Changes in Leaf Lipid and Fatty
Acid Composition of Nine Plants Consumed by Two African Herbivores." Lipids 33, no. 1 (1998): 109-13. |
| Davidson, B. C., A. Giangregorio, and L. A. Girao. "The Fatty
Acids Available to Wild Herbivores from Indigenous Plants Is Dependent
on Both Plant Species and Season." In
Vivo 4, no. 1 (1990):
71-5. |
| Demeyer, D., and M. Doreau. "Targets and Procedures for Altering
Ruminant Meat and Milk Lipids." Proc Nutr Soc 58, no. 3 (1999):
593-607. |
| Dhiman, T.R. "Dietary Effects of Conjugated Linoleic
Acid Content of Cows' Milk." U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center,
1995 Research Summaries (1995). |
| Dhiman, T. R., G. R. Anand, L. D. Satter, and M. W. Pariza.
"Conjugated Linoleic Acid Content of Milk from Cows Fed Different
Diets." J Dairy Sci 82, no. 10 (1999): 2146-56. |
| Duckett, S. K., D. G. Wagner, L. D. Yates, H. G. Dolezal,
and S. G. May. "Effects of Time on Feed on Beef Nutrient Composition."
J Anim Sci 71, no. 8 (1993): 2079-88. |
| Ferrier, L. K., L. J. Caston, S. Leeson, J. Squires, B. J. Weaver,
and B. J. Holub. "Alpha-Linolenic Acid- and Docosahexaenoic
Acid-Enriched Eggs from Hens Fed Flaxseed: Influence on Blood Lipids
and Platelet Phospholipid Fatty Acids in Humans." Am J Clin
Nutr 62, no. 1 (1995): 81-6. |
| Griswold, K. E., G. A. Apgar, R. A. Robinson, B. N. Jacobson,
D. Johnson, and H. D. Woody. "Effectiveness of Short-Term Feeding
Strategies for Altering Conjugated Linoleic Acid Content of Beef."
J Anim Sci 81, no. 7 (2003): 1862-71. |
| Grummer, R. R. "Effect of Feed on the Composition of Milk
Fat." J Dairy Sci 74, no. 9 (1991): 3244-57. |
| Hauswirth, C. B., M. R. Scheeder, and J. H. Beer. "High Omega-3
Fatty Acid Content in Alpine Cheese: The Basis for an Alpine Paradox."
Circulation 109, no. 1 (2004): 103-7. |
| Hebeisen, D. F., F. Hoeflin, H. P. Reusch, E. Junker,
and B. H. Lauterburg. "Increased Concentrations of Omega-3
Fatty Acids in Milk and Platelet Rich Plasma of Grass-Fed Cows."
Int J Vitam Nutr Res 63, no. 3 (1993): 229-33. |
| Jiang, J., L. Bjoerck, R. Fonden, and M. Emanuelson. "Occurrence
of Conjugated Cis-9,Trans-11-Octadecadienoic Acid in Bovine Milk:
Effects of Feed and Dietary Regimen." J Dairy Sci 79, no. 3
(1996): 438-45. |
Kanwar, R. K., A. K. Macgibbon, et al. (2007). "Bovine
milk fat enriched in conjugated linoleic and vaccenic acids attenuates
allergic airway disease in mice." Clin Exp Allergy.
Read summary. |
| Koizumi, I., Y. Suzuki, and J. J. Kaneko. "Studies on the
Fatty Acid Composition of Intramuscular Lipids of Cattle, Pigs and
Birds." J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 37, no. 6 (1991): 545-54. |
| Kolver, E. S., and L. D. Muller. "Performance and Nutrient
Intake of High Producing Holstein Cows Consuming Pasture or a Total
Mixed Ration." J Dairy Sci 81, no. 5 (1998): 1403-11. |
Kraft, Jana, John K.G. Kramer, Friedrich Schoene, Jim R. Chambers,
and Gerhard Hahreise. 2008. “Extensive Analysis of Long-Chain
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, CLA, trans-18:1 Isomers, and Plasmalogenic
Lipids in Different Retail Beef types” J. Agric Food
Chemistry 56:4775-4782. |
| Lopez-Bote, C.J., R.Sanz Arias, A.I. Rey, A. Castano,
B. Isabel, J. Thos. "Effect of Free-Range Feeding on N-3 Fatty
Acid [omega-3 fatty acid] and Alpha-Tocopherol [vitamin E] Content
and Oxidative Stability of Eggs." Animal Feed Science and Technology
72 (1998): 33-40. |
| Mandell, I. B., J. G. Buchanan-Smith, and C. P. Campbell. "Effects
of Forage Vs Grain Feeding on Carcass Characteristics, Fatty Acid
Composition, and Beef Quality in Limousin-Cross Steers When Time
on Feed Is Controlled." J Anim Sci 76, no. 10 (1998): 2619-30. |
| Meyer, H. H., A. Rowell, W. J. Streich, B. Stoffel, and R. R.
Hofmann. "Accumulation of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids by Concentrate
Selecting Ruminants." Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol
120, no. 2 (1998): 263-8. |
| Mills, E. W., J. W. Comerford, R. Hollender, H. W. Harpster, B.
House, and W. R. Henning. "Meat Composition and Palatability
of Holstein and Beef Steers as Influenced by Forage Type and Protein
Source." J Anim Sci 70, no. 8 (1992): 2446-51. |
| Moloney, A. P., M. T. Mooney, J. P. Kerry, and D. J. Troy.
"Producing Tender and Flavoursome Beef with Enhanced Nutritional
Characteristics." Proc Nutr Soc 60, no. 2 (2001): 221-9. |
| Naughton, J. M., K. O'Dea, and A. J. Sinclair. "Animal Foods
in Traditional Australian Aboriginal Diets: Polyunsaturated and
Low in Fat." Lipids 21, no. 11 (1986): 684-90. |
| Ollis, T. E., B. J. Meyer, and P. R. Howe. "Australian Food
Sources and Intakes of Omega-6 and Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty
Acids." Ann Nutr Metab 43, no. 6 (1999): 346-55. |
| O'Sullivan, A., K. O'Sullivan, K. Galvin, A. P. Moloney,
D. J. Troy, and J. P. Kerry. "Grass Silage Versus Maize Silage
Effects on Retail Packaged Beef Quality." J Anim Sci 80, no.
6 (2002): 1556-63. |
| Pearce, J., and D. M. Chestnutt. "A Comparison of
the Fatty Acid Composition of Adipose Tissue Triglyceride from Grass-Fed
and Intensively-Reared Lambs." Proc Nutr Soc 33, no. 3 (1974):
99A-100A. |
| Peterson, D. G., J. A. Kelsey, and D. E. Bauman. "Analysis
of Variation in Cis-9, Trans-11 Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) in
Milk Fat of Dairy Cows." J Dairy Sci 85, no. 9 (2002): 2164-72. |
| Petit, H. V., G. F. Tremblay, P. Savoie, D. Tremblay, and J. M.
Wauthy. "Milk Yield, Intake, and Blood Traits of Lactating
Cows Fed Grass Silage Conserved under Different Harvesting Methods."
J Dairy Sci 76, no. 5 (1993): 1365-74. |
| Piperova, L. S., and J. Pearce. "A Comparison of
the Effects of Feeding Concentrate Diets, Based on Either Maize
or Barley, or Dried Grass on Adipose Tissue Lipogenesis in Sheep."
Int J Biochem 14, no. 5 (1982): 351-4. |
| Ray, E. E., R. P. Kromann, and E. J. Cosma. "Relationships
between Fatty Acid Composition of Lamb Fat and Dietary Ingredients."
J Anim Sci 41, no. 6 (1975): 1767-74. |
| Rule, D. C., K. S. Broughton, S. M. Shellito, and G. Maiorano.
"Comparison of Muscle Fatty Acid Profiles and Cholesterol Concentrations
of Bison, Beef Cattle, Elk, and Chicken." J Anim Sci 80, no.
5 (2002): 1202-11. |
| Scheideler, S. E., and G. W. Froning. "The Combined Influence
of Dietary Flaxseed Variety, Level, Form, and Storage Conditions
on Egg Production and Composition among Vitamin E- Supplemented
Hens." Poult Sci 75, no. 10 (1996): 1221-6. |
| Schingoethe, D. J., H. H. Voelker, G. L. Beardsley, and J. G.
Parsons. "Rumen Volatile Fatty Acids and Milk Composition from
Cows Fed Hay, Haylage, or Urea-Treated Corn Silage." J Dairy
Sci 59, no. 5 (1976): 894-901. |
| Scollan, N. D., N. J. Choi, E. Kurt, A. V. Fisher, M. Enser, and
J. D. Wood. "Manipulating the Fatty Acid Composition of Muscle
and Adipose Tissue in Beef Cattle." Br J Nutr 85, no. 1 (2001):
115-24. |
| Simopoulos, A. P., and N. Salem, Jr. "N-3 Fatty Acids
in Eggs from Range-Fed Greek Chickens [Letter]." N Engl J Med
321, no. 20 (1989): 1412. |
| Soita, H. W., J. A. Meier, M. Fehr, P. Yu, D. A. Christensen,
J. J. McKinon, and A. F. Mustafa. "Effects of Flaxseed Supplementation
on Milk Production, Milk Fatty Acid Composition and Nutrient Utilization
by Lactating Dairy Cows." Arch Tierernahr 57, no. 2 (2003):
107-16. |
| Tolan, A., J. Robertson, C. R. Orton, M. J. Head, A. A. Christie,
and B. A. Millburn. "Studies on the Composition of Food. 5.
The Chemical Composition of Eggs Produced under Battery, Deep Litter
and Free Range Conditions." Br J Nutr 31, no. 2 (1974): 185-200. |
Valeille, K., J. Ferezou, et al. (2006). "The
natural concentration of the conjugated linoleic acid, cis-9,trans-11,
in milk fat has antiatherogenic effects in hyperlipidemic hamsters." J
Nutr 136(5): 1305-1310. Read
summary. |
| Wachira, A. M., L. A. Sinclair, R. G. Wilkinson, M. Enser, J.
D. Wood, and A. V. Fisher. "Effects of Dietary Fat Source and
Breed on the Carcass Composition, N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid
[omega-3] and Conjugated Linoleic Acid Content of Sheep Meat and
Adipose Tissue." Br J Nutr 88, no. 6 (2002): 697-709. |
| Ward, A. T., K. M. Wittenberg, H. M. Froebe, R. Przybylski, and
L. Malcolmson. "Fresh Forage and Solin Supplementation on Conjugated
Linoleic Acid Levels in Plasma and Milk." J Dairy Sci 86, no.
5 (2003): 1742-50. |
| Weill, P., B. Schmitt, G. Chesneau, N. Daniel, F. Safraou, and
P. Legrand. "Effects of Introducing Linseed in Livestock Diet
on Blood Fatty Acid Composition of Consumers of Animal Products."
Ann Nutr Metab 46, no. 5 (2002): 182-91. |
| White, S. L., J. A. Bertrand, M. R. Wade, S. P. Washburn, J. T.
Green, Jr., and T. C. Jenkins. "Comparison of Fatty Acid Content
of Milk from Jersey and Holstein Cows Consuming Pasture or a Total
Mixed Ration." J Dairy Sci 84, no. 10 (2001): 2295-301. |
| Wood, J. D., and M. Enser. "Factors Influencing Fatty Acids
in Meat and the Role of Antioxidants in Improving Meat Quality."
Br J Nutr 78 Suppl 1 (1997): S49-60. |
Wood, J. D., M. Enser, A. V. Fisher, G. R. Nute, R. I. Richardson,
and P. R. Sheard. "Manipulating Meat Quality and Composition
." Proc Nutr Soc 58, no. 2 (1999): 363-70.
|
2) Health benefits of diets
with a low ratio of Omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids.
Aguilera, C. M., M. C. Ramirez-Tortosa, M.
D. Mesa, C. L. Ramirez-Tortosa, and A. Gil. "Sunflower,
Virgin-Olive and Fish Oils Differentially Affect the Progression
of Aortic Lesions in Rabbits with Experimental Atherosclerosis." Atherosclerosis 162,
no. 2 (2002): 335-44. |
| Bagga, D., K. H. Anders, H. J. Wang, and J. A. Glaspy. "Long-Chain
omega-3 to omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Ratios in Breast
Adipose Tissue from Women with and without Breast Cancer." Nutr
Cancer 42, no. 2 (2002): 180-5. |
| Bernard-Gallon, D. J., C. Vissac-Sabatier, D. Antoine-Vincent,
P. G. Rio, J. C. Maurizis, P. Fustier, and Y. J. Bignon. "Differential
Effects of omega--3 and omega--6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
on Brca1 and Brca2 Gene Expression in Breast Cell Lines." Br
J Nutr 87, no. 4 (2002): 281-9. |
| Black, H. S., J. I. Thornby, J. Gerguis, and W.
Lenger. "Influence of Dietary Omega-6, -3 Fatty Acid Sources
on the Initiation and Promotion Stages of Photocarcinogenesis." Photochem
Photobiol 56, no. 2 (1992): 195-9. |
Broughton, K. S., and J. W. Wade. "Total
Fat and (omega-3):(omega-6) Fat Ratios Influence Eicosanoid
Production in Mice." J Nutr 132, no. 1 (2002):
88-94. |
| Chalon, S., S. Delion-Vancassel, C. Belzung, D. Guilloteau,
A. M. Leguisquet, J. C. Besnard, and G. Durand. "Dietary
Fish Oil Affects Monoaminergic Neurotransmission and Behavior
in Rats." J Nutr 128, no. 12 (1998): 2512-9. |
| Hakim, I. A., R. B. Harris, and C. Ritenbaugh. "Fat Intake
and Risk of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Skin." Nutr
Cancer 36, no. 2 (2000): 155-62. |
| Hornstra, G. "Essential Fatty Acids in Mothers and Their
Neonates." Am J Clin Nutr 71, no. 5 Suppl (2000):
1262S-9S. |
| Innis, S. M. "The Role of Dietary N-6 and N-3
Fatty Acids in the Developing Brain." Dev Neurosci 22,
no. 5-6 (2000): 474-80. |
| Jakovljevic, J., M. S. Touillaud, M. L. Bondy, S. E. Singletary,
P. C. Pillow, and S. Chang. "Dietary Intake of Selected
Fatty Acids, Cholesterol and Carotenoids and Estrogen Receptor
Status in Premenopausal Breast Cancer Patients." Breast
Cancer Res Treat 75, no. 1 (2002): 5-14. |
| Kalmijn, S., E. J. Feskens, L. J. Launer, and D. Kromhout.
"Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Antioxidants, and Cognitive
Function in Very Old Men." Am J Epidemiol 145, no.
1 (1997): 33-41. |
| Kettler, D. B. "Can Manipulation of the Ratios of Essential
Fatty Acids Slow the Rapid Rate of Postmenopausal Bone Loss?" Altern
Med Rev 6, no. 1 (2001): 61-77. |
| Klein, V., V. Chajes, E. Germain, G. Schulgen, M. Pinault,
D. Malvy, T. Lefrancq, A. Fignon, O. Le Floch, C. Lhuillery,
and P. Bougnoux. "Low Alpha-Linolenic Acid Content of Adipose
Breast Tissue Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Breast
Cancer." Eur J Cancer 36, no. 3 (2000): 335-40. |
| Maillard, V., P. Bougnoux, P. Ferrari, M. L. Jourdan,
M. Pinault, F. Lavillonniere, G. Body, O. Le Floch, and V.
Chajes.
"Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acids in Breast Adipose Tissue
and Relative Risk of Breast Cancer in a Case-Control Study in
Tours, France." Int J Cancer 98, no. 1 (2002): 78-83. |
| Meterissian, S., M. Kontogiannea, H. Murty, and A. Gupta. "Omega-6
Fatty Acids Can Inhibit Fas-Mediated Apoptosis in a Human Colorectal
Carcinoma Cell Line: A Potential Mechanism for Escape from Immune
Surveillance." Int J Surg Investig 2, no. 4 (2000):
253-7. |
| Sauer, L. A., and R. T. Dauchy. "The Effect of Omega-6
and Omega-3 Fatty Acids on 3h-Thymidine Incorporation in Hepatoma
7288ctc Perfused in Situ." Br J Cancer 66, no. 2
(1992): 297-303. |
| Simopoulos, A. P. "The Importance of the Ratio
of Omega-6/Omega-3 Essential Fatty Acids." Biomed Pharmacother 56,
no. 8 (2002): 365-79. |
Yamada, N., T. Takita, M. Wada, Y. Kannke,
and S. Innami. "Effects of Dietary Omega-3/omega-6- and
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid/Saturated Fatty Acid Ratios on Platelet
Aggregation and Lipid Metabolism in Rats." J Nutr Sci
Vitaminol (Tokyo) 42, no. 5 (1996): 423-34. |
|
|
3) Vitamin content of products
from pasture-raised and confinement-raised animals
| Allen, W. M., R. Bradley, K. Swannack, C. R. Barton, and R. Tyler.
"Loss of Vitamin E in Stored Cereals in Relation to a Myopathy
of Yearling Cattle." Vet Rec 94, no. 16 (1974): 373-5. |
| Barnouin, J., I. Aimo, J. P. Chacornac, M. Chassagne, B. Faye,
and F. Lescourret. Nutritional Factors and Mammary Inflammatory
Infection in the Dairy Cow. Ecopathological Approach During the
Peripartum Period." Vet Res 25, no. 2-3 (1994): 218-22. |
| Booth, A., M. Reid, and T. Clark. "Hypovitaminosis A in Feedlot
Cattle." J Am Vet Med Assoc 190, no. 10 (1987): 1305-8. |
| Christian, M. P., C. Grainger, B. J. Sutherland, J. J. Mayes,
M. C. Hannah, and B. Kefford. "Managing Diet Quality for Cheddar
Cheese Manufacturing Milk. 2. Pasture V. Grain Supplements."
J Dairy Res 66, no. 3 (1999): 357-63. |
| Flachowsky, G., B. Heidemann, M. Schlenzig, H. Wilk, and A. Henning.
"Factors Influencing the Vitamin A Concentration in the Liver
of Cattle." Z Ernahrungswiss 32, no. 1 (1993): 21-37. |
| Griffiths, J. R. "The Nutritional Assessment of Pasture."
Vet Rec 88, no. 6 (1971): 142-4. |
| Hakkarainen, J., B. Pehrson, and J. Tyopponen. "Blood Vitamin
E, Selenium and Glutathione Peroxidase Concentrations in Heifers
Fed Either on Grass or on Winter Feed." Zentralbl Veterinarmed
[A] 34, no. 7 (1987): 508-14. |
| Havenstein, G. B., P. R. Ferket, S. E. Scheideler, and
B. T. Larson. "Growth, Livability, and Feed Conversion of 1957
Vs 1991 Broilers When Fed "Typical" 1957 and 1991 Broiler
Diets." Poult Sci 73, no. 12 (1994): 1785-94. |
| Hidiroglou, M., T. R. Batra, and G. L. Roy. "Changes in Plasma
Alpha-Tocopherol and Selenium of Gestating Cows Fed Hay or Silage."
J Dairy Sci 77, no. 1 (1994): 190-5. |
| Hidiroglou, M., J. R. Lessard, and J. M. Wauthy. "Blood
Serum Tocopherol Levels in Calves Born from Cows Winter Fed Hay
or Grass Silage." Can J Comp Med 42, no. 1 (1978): 128-31. |
| Hidiroglou, M., J. M. Wauthy, and J. E. Proulx. "Vitamin
E Activity of Stored Forages and Incidence of Myopathy in Calves."
Ann Rech Vet 7, no. 2 (1976): 185-94. |
| Ingr, I., B. Suchanek, J. Golda, and B. Jankova. "Vitamin
A and Carotene in Milk from Dairy Cows on Hay and Other Types of
Diet." Vet Med (Praha) 17, no. 3 (1972): 133-40. |
| Lanari, M.C. M. Brewster, A. Yang, R.K. Tume. "Pasture
and Grain Finishing Affect the Color Stability of Beef." J.
of Food Science 67, no. 7 (2002). |
| Leaver, J. D. "Milk Production from Grazed Temperate Grassland."
J Dairy Res 52, no. 2 (1985): 313-44. |
| Leonhardt, M., S. Gebert, and C. Wenk. "Vitamin E Content
of Different Animal Products: Influence of Animal Nutrition."
Z Ernahrungswiss 36, no. 1 (1997): 23-7. |
| Influence of pasture or grain-based diets supplemented with vitamin
E on antioxidant/oxidative balance of Argentine beef,” Meat
Science 70 (2005) 35-44. |
| Iwanska, S., and D. Strusinska. "The Effect of Beta-Carotene
and Vitamins a, D3 and E on Some Reproductive Parameters in Cows."
Acta Vet Hung 45, no. 1 (1997): 95-107. |
| Dvorak, M., I. Herzig, B. Vojtisek, and M. Toulova. "[Carotene
and Fluorometrically Determined Vitamin ALevels in the Blood Plasma
of Cows in Relation to Gravidity and Type of Feeding]." Vet
Med (Praha) 23, no. 10 (1978): 577-85. |
| Lopez-Bote, C.J., R.Sanz Arias, A.I. Rey, A. Castano,
B. Isabel, J. Thos. "Effect of Free-Range Feeding on N-3 Fatty
Acid and Alpha-Tocopherol Content and Oxidative Stability of Eggs."
Animal Feed Science and Technology 72 (1998): 33-40. |
| Machin, J. H., and F. R. Spratling. "The Economic Loss Caused
by Hypovitaminosis-A in Fattening Cattle." Vet Rec 85, no.
6 (1969): 178-9. |
| McGeachin, R. B., and C. A. Bailey. "Determination of Carotenoid
Pigments, Retinol, and Alpha-Tocopherol in Feeds, Tissues, and Blood
Serum by Normal Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography."
Poult Sci 74, no. 2 (1995): 407-11. |
| Morris, S.T. et al. "Short-Term Grain Feeding and
Its Effect on Carcass and Meat Quality." Proceedings of the
New Zealand Grasslands Association 1997 57 (1997). |
| Parra, M. D., B. E. Martinez de Morentin,
et al. (2007). "Acute calcium assimilation from fresh or pasteurized
yoghurt depending on the lactose digestibility status." J
Am Coll Nutr 26(3): 288-294. Read
summary. |
| Prache, S., A. Priolo, and P. Grolier. "Persistence
of Carotenoid Pigments in the Blood of Concentrate-Finished Grazing
Sheep: Its Significance for the Traceability of Grass-Feeding."
J Anim Sci 81, no. 2 (2003): 360-7. |
| Rakes, A. H., M. P. Owens, J. H. Britt, and L. W. Whitlow. "Effects
of Adding Beta-Carotene to Rations of Lactating Cows Consuming Different
Forages." J Dairy Sci 68, no. 7 (1985): 1732-7. |
| Rey, A. I., and C. J. Lopez-Bote. "Effect of Dietary Copper
and Vitamin E Supplementation, and Extensive Feeding with Acorn
and Grass on Longissimus Muscle Composition and Susceptibility to
Oxidation in Iberian Pigs." J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl)
85, no. 9-10 (2001): 281-92. |
| Scheideler, S. E., and G. W. Froning. "The Combined Influence
of Dietary Flaxseed Variety, Level, Form, and Storage Conditions
on Egg Production and Composition among Vitamin E- Supplemented
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| |
11) Added health benefits of products
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and suburban populations across Europe." Clin Exp Allergy 37(5):
661-670. Read summary. |
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