by Jerry L. Baker
TABLE 1. SMALL GRAINS FORAGE SUMMARY
COMPARING PLANTING DATES AT BURNEYVILLE, OK, 1996-97
|
|
Pounds of Oven-Dry Forage |
|
September 13 Planting
|
Clipping Dates |
|
|
|
Small Grain Variety
|
11/21 |
2/4 |
Total
thru
2/4 |
3/5 |
3/26 |
4/23 |
5/29 |
1996-97
Total |
% Forage
Produced
by 2/4 |
1. |
Oklon rye |
1968 |
1781 |
3748 |
468 |
451 |
660 |
0 |
5327 |
70 |
2. |
Maton rye |
1855 |
1618 |
3473 |
339 |
600 |
689 |
0 |
5101 |
68 |
3. |
Bates rye |
1572 |
1628 |
3200 |
443 |
606 |
586 |
0 |
4835 |
66 |
4. |
Trical 2700 triticale |
1624 |
616 |
2240 |
80 |
271 |
873 |
632 |
4096 |
55 |
5. |
2180 wheat |
1114 |
1417 |
2531 |
472 |
603 |
351 |
0 |
3957 |
64 |
6. |
Coker 9134 wheat (soft) |
853 |
1490 |
2343 |
457 |
579 |
501 |
0 |
3880 |
60 |
7. |
Harrison oat |
629 |
481 |
1110 |
76 |
334 |
1086 |
878 |
3484 |
32 |
8. |
NF 21 triticale |
1139 |
1138 |
2277 |
304 |
429 |
445 |
0 |
3455 |
66 |
9. |
833 oat |
481 |
226 |
707 |
88 |
469 |
1211 |
765 |
3240 |
22 |
10. |
Longhorn wheat |
920 |
879 |
1799 |
352 |
392 |
527 |
0 |
3070 |
59 |
|
Average |
1216 |
1127 |
2343 |
308 |
474 |
693 |
227 |
4045 |
58 |
|
L.S.D. (.05) |
380 |
362 |
620 |
105 |
NS |
200 |
153 |
674 |
|
|
C.V. (%) |
18.2 |
18.7 |
15.4 |
19.9 |
33.7 |
16.8 |
39.2 |
9.7 |
|
October 3 Planting
|
Clipping Dates |
|
|
|
Small Grain Variety
|
11/20 |
2/4 |
Total
thru
2/4 |
3/5 |
3/26 |
4/23 |
5/28 |
1996-97
Total |
% Forage
Produced
by 2/4 |
1. |
Bates rye |
1352 |
2520 |
3872 |
916 |
599 |
688 |
0 |
6075 |
64 |
2. |
Oklon rye |
1382 |
2387 |
3769 |
900 |
527 |
707 |
0 |
5903 |
64 |
3. |
Harrison oat |
674 |
1923 |
2597 |
397 |
713 |
1232 |
910 |
5849 |
44 |
4. |
Coker 9134 wheat (soft) |
901 |
2410 |
3311 |
1014 |
699 |
623 |
0 |
5648 |
59 |
5. |
Maton rye |
1019 |
2098 |
3117 |
749 |
1047 |
723 |
0 |
5636 |
55 |
6. |
833 oat |
407 |
1587 |
1994 |
315 |
721 |
1490 |
938 |
5458 |
37 |
7. |
Longhorn wheat |
841 |
2025 |
2866 |
949 |
654 |
477 |
0 |
4946 |
58 |
8. |
2180 wheat |
738 |
2183 |
2921 |
975 |
643 |
377 |
0 |
4916 |
59 |
9. |
NF 21 triticale |
991 |
2212 |
3203 |
769 |
313 |
505 |
0 |
4790 |
67 |
10. |
Trical 2700 triticale |
1011 |
1838 |
2849 |
313 |
502 |
980 |
0 |
4644 |
61 |
|
Average |
932 |
2118 |
3050 |
730 |
642 |
780 |
185 |
5387 |
57 |
|
L.S.D. (.05) |
164 |
381 |
470 |
107 |
83 |
183 |
62 |
654 |
|
|
C.V. (%) |
10.3 |
10.5 |
9.0 |
8.6 |
7.6 |
13.7 |
19.6 |
7.1 |
|
TABLE 2. GRAIN YIELDS OF SMALL GRAIN VARIETIES
PLANTED ON TWO DATES AT BURNEYVILLE, 1996-97
|
|
Bushels/Acre |
|
Variety
|
September 13
Planting |
October 3
Planting |
1. |
833 oat |
90.1 |
31.5 |
2. |
Harrison oat |
52.0 |
56.0 |
3. |
Longhorn wheat |
43.2 |
48.0 |
4. |
Trical 2700 triticale |
38.2 |
61.2 |
5. |
Oklon rye |
16.5 |
16.5 |
6. |
Maton rye |
14.8 |
17.0 |
7. |
Bates rye |
12.4 |
18.4 |
8. |
NF 21 triticale |
6.0 |
5.8 |
9. |
Coker 9134 wheat (soft) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
10. |
2180 wheat |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
Average |
27.3 |
25.4 |
|
L.S.D. (.05) |
18.3 |
9.7 |
|
C.V. (%) |
39.1 |
22.2 |
SOME INFLUENCING FACTORS
|
Location: |
Red River Demonstration and Research Farm, Burneyville, OK. |
Planted: |
September 13 and October 3. |
Seeding Rate: |
2,000,000 live seed/acre. |
Seeding Method: |
Drilled in seven-inch rows. |
Replications: |
Three (3). |
Soil Type: |
Minco fine sandy loam. |
Fertilization: |
Preplant: none. |
|
Topdress: 100 lb. N/acre on December 11, 1996 and 60 lb. N/acre on February 5, 1997. |
Weed Control: |
Pre-emergence: 0.56 oz. Amber/acre. |
Management: |
Disked and roller-harrowed. |
Clipping: |
Both plantings were clipped to simulate rotational grazing. |
Grain Harvest Dates: |
Both plantings on June 18. |
Pounds/Bushel: |
Wheat 60; rye 56; triticale 50; and oats 32. |
Diseases: |
Leaf rust infection was heavy on wheat, triticale, and rye. Longhorn and 2180 wheats and Trical 2700 triticale maintained the best leaf rust resistance among
this group of small grains. Ideal weather during the grain-fill period minimized the losses in grain yield due to the leaf rust outbreak. |
Winter Damage: |
The hard freezes on April 12-14 caused extensive grain yield reduction among the wheat, triticale, and rye varieties. In general, the early-maturing varieties
that were headed at the time of the freeze, suffered the most freeze damage. |
Temperatures: |
The low temperature was 7°F on January 29, 1997. Temperature were 20°F or lower on 15 dates in December and January (Refer to NF FOR 97-03 for more
detail). |
Rainfall (inches):
|
Month |
3-Year
Average |
1995-96
Season |
1996-97
Season |
September |
5.66 |
3.53 |
6.82 |
October |
3.56 |
1.11 |
2.57 |
November |
3.60 |
0.44 |
5.01 |
December |
2.21 |
2.93 |
0.93 |
January |
1.32 |
1.65 |
0.48 |
February |
2.28 |
0.00 |
6.60 |
March |
3.13 |
4.27 |
1.43 |
April |
4.23 |
2.57 |
5.21 |
May |
3.95 |
0.56 |
5.05 |
Total |
29.94 |
17.06 |
34.10 |
Information in this report is not conclusive, but should be of valuable assistance when used with similar information from other sources.
All available information pertaining to the subject should be used in making conclusions and decisions. This publication is intended to furnish supplemental information
to aid in making a more sound decision and to stimulate thinking for new ideas.
I would like to acknowledge the following Research Assistants for their valuable assistance in the collection and analysis of data used in this report: Julie Barrick,
Bret Flatt, Roger Hartwell, Sean Maher and Frank Motal.
Discussion
Early fall plantings were hampered by wet weather conditions. At Ardmore, we were unable to establish two dates of planting of small grains due to heavy rains in
September. Two dates of planting were established at Burneyville on September 13 and October 3. However, stand development and initial plant growth of the early-planted
test was slow because of heavy rainfall following planting.
Both plantings at Burneyville were clipped six times for forage production (Table 1). The October planting produced an average of 33% (1342 pounds/acre) more total
forage than the September planting. This yield advantage developed during the winter months as the late planting had produced 30% more forage by February 4. The
rye varieties produced the most early forage and oats were the slowest to make forage in both plantings. The early forage advantage of the ryes relative to the
other small grains is much more evident in the September planted test.
Table 2 shows grain yields from both plantings at Burneyville. Hard freezes on April 12-14 resulted in drastic grain yield reduction of the ryes, wheats, and triticales
in both plantings. In general, the early maturing varieties were damaged the most by the cold temperatures. Coker 9134 and 2180 wheats had headed prior to the freezes
and were completely devastated in both plantings. With the exception of 833 oat and Trical 2700 triticale, yields were fairly consistent for the other varieties
across the two planting dates. Heavy lodging and grain shatter contributed greatly to the reduced yield of 833 oat in the October planted test.
A two-year comparison of forage and grain production from early and late fall plantings at Burneyville is shown in Table 3. Note that both forage and grain production
of rye, triticale, and wheat has been higher for the late fall planting in both years. In 1995-96, the late-planted oat varieties did not produce any forage or
grain because of complete winterkill.
|