Ethnobotanical
Leaflets 12: 868-72. 2008. Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis of Diospyros
Species M.
Maridass1, 1Animal
Health Research Unit, St. Xavier’s College, Palayamkottai-627002, 2Centre
for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous),
Palayamkottai- 627 002, 3Deparment of
Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology, Issued Abstract Diospyros species are
valuable traditional medicines of Chinese herbal medicine, Tibetan medicine,
and Ayurvedic medicine. Extractive values and qualitative identification of phytochemicals
constituents of 29 Diospyros species was carried out. The methanolic
fruit extract was yielded maximum percentage of Diospyros malabarica (5.61%),
and minimum percentage of Diospyros foliosa (1.25%). Fruits of Diospyros
species were showed the presence of bioactive constituents of alkaloids
(82%), flavonoids (68.97%),
tannin (55.17%), terpenoids (100%), and essential oils (100%) were detected in 29 Diospyros
species. Keywords: Diospyros, Ebenaceae, phytochemicals, fruits,
extracts. Introduction The systematic screening of plant species with the purpose of
discovering new bioactive compounds is a routine activity in several
laboratories. Plants and plant parts
have been provide a good source of pharmaceutical active compounds, such as
phenolic compounds, nitrogen compounds, vitamins, terpenoids, saponin and
some other secondary metabolites, which are rich in valuable bioactivities of
antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antimutagenic, anti-carcinogenic,
antimicrobial activities. The
genus Diospyros species (Ebenaceae) were growing in subtropical and
tropical areas of the Material and
Methods Plant
material Fresh
fruits of Diospyros species were collected from Preparation of Crude Extract Fresh fruits were air-dried and then cut into small strips with a razor blade. All of these materials were ground in a Wiley Mill. The material was then placed in a shaker with sieves. The material that passed through a No. 40 mesh sieve (425μm) yet retained on a No. 60 mesh sieve (250-μm) was collected. The resulting material was placed in glass jars and labeled. Soxhlet extraction of particles was conducted with methanol until the solvent became colorless. Then, all of the extracts were collected, dried under a rotary evaporator, lyophilized in air freeze drier, and kept in the dark at 4°C until testing. The following formula was used to determine the extract yield.
W1
Extract yield (%)
=100
W2 Where W1= net weight of extracts (grams) W2= total weight of fruits powder (grams) Phytochemical
screening The
presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, saponins and
triterpenes were detected by the method described by Odebiyi and Sofowora
(1978), Maridass,(1999). Results and Discussion The
methanolic fruit extract yield of 29 Diospyros species given in
table-1. Species-wise percentages of methanol extract yields in decreasing
order were as follows: Diospyros malabarica(5.61%), Diospyros racemosa (5.21%),
Diospyros Acknowledgements This study
was supported by the Department of Science and Technology, SERC- Fast Track
Scheme (Sanctioned Ref.No.70/2005, Dated on Oct 04/2006), References 1.
Odebiyi, A, Sofowora, A.E (1978). Phytochemical Screening of Nigerian Medicinal
Plants. Part 2.
Maridass,M.
(1999). Essential oils of ethnomedicine of Diospyros malabarica fruits
(Kostal). M.Sc., Dissertation, SriParamakalyani Centre for
Environmental Sciences, 3.
Maridass,
M. (2008). Phytochemicals from genus Diospyros (L.) and their
biological activities. Ethnobotanical Leaflets, 12:231-244. 4. Sodipo,O.A.,Awanji,M.A.,Kolawole, F.B.and Oduntuga, A.A. (1991). Saponin is the active fungal principle in Garcinia kola, Hekle seed. BioSci.Res.Commun., 3:171. 5. Rauha,J.B., Remes, S, Herinonen, W., Hopia,A., Kgjala, T., Pitinlaja, K.,Vaorela, H. and Vaorela,P. (2000). Antimicrobial effects of finished plant extract containing flavonoids and other phenolic compounds. Int. J. Food Microbiol., 56:3-12. Table 1. Extractive values of Diospyros species.
Table 2.
Phytochemical screening of fruits extracts of Diospyros species.
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