• Adoption of the full Popular Opinion Leader intervention by a nongovernmental organization (NGO) [ Time Frame: Measured at Months 12 and 24 after training ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  

• Number of core elements of the Popular Opinion Leader intervention incorporated into NGO HIV prevention interventions [ Time Frame: Measured at Months 12 and 24 after training ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  
• Cost effectiveness of training method [ Time Frame: Measured at Month 24 after training ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  

An estimated total of 60 million people have been infected with HIV since the first cases were reported in the early 1980s. Although the HIV/AIDS pandemic is a global crisis, certain regions have been affected more than others. The Eastern European and Central Asian region, in particular, has one of the fastest growing rates of HIV infections in the world. Most new HIV infections in this region have been occurring among injection drug users, commercial sex workers, and men who have sex with men, but the virus continues to increasingly affect the general population, too. HIV prevention interventions that are able to be disseminated to a large population are necessary. The Popular Opinion Leader (POL) intervention is an HIV prevention program that recruits and trains opinion leaders in the community to promote safe sex behaviors through risk-reduction conversations with peers. Administering the POL intervention to nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) may be an effective means of assuring that the intervention is extended throughout the region. However, the best means of disseminating the POL program and assuring its full adoption by NGOs is unknown. This study will compare the effectiveness of face-to-face training versus Web-based training seminars in disseminating the POL intervention to NGOs in Eastern Europe and Central Asia.

Participation in this study will last 24 months. Potential NGOs will first undergo baseline assessments that will include an in-depth 90-minute phone interview with the NGO director and completion of attitude scales about the POL HIV intervention. NGOs will then be assigned randomly to one of three study groups:

• Participating NGOs in Group 1 will receive the POL intervention through face-to-face training. Staff will receive 2-day training on the POL intervention and individualized telephone follow-up consultations concerning POL implementation.
• Participating NGOs in Group 2 will receive the POL intervention through Web-based training. Staff will receive training delivered entirely by means of a Web-based, distance learning curriculum. Staff will also be offered individualized telephone follow-up consultations concerning POL implementation.
• Participating NGOs in Group 3 will receive no intervention.

All participating NGOs will undergo follow-up assessments 12 and 24 months after completing the intervention training. Assessments will include a 90-minute phone interview with the NGO director and a 10-minute phone interview with NGO staff members to assess attitudes concerning the intervention, their adoption of the core elements of the intervention model, and the extent of usage of training materials. A number of NGOs that report full adoption of the POL intervention will be selected randomly to undergo a 2-day validation site visit by an assessment team member. Site visits will be used to conduct interviews with NGO staff and the opinion leaders, validate reports of intervention adoption, observe POL sessions, and review materials used in training sessions.