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Sponsored by: |
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) |
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Information provided by: | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) |
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: | NCT00005242 |
To determine the effects of long-term exposure to passive smoking on the cardiovascular and oxygen transport systems in pre-adolescent twins.
Condition |
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Cardiovascular Diseases Heart Diseases Lung Diseases Coronary Arteriosclerosis |
Study Type: | Observational |
Study Design: | Natural History |
Study Start Date: | April 1989 |
Estimated Study Completion Date: | June 1994 |
BACKGROUND:
The adverse health effects of actively inhaled cigarette smoke include impaired pulmonary function, increased coronary and cerebrovascular disease, chronic pulmonary disease, and cancer. Infants and young children of smoking parents are at increased risk for lower respiratory tract infections and small airways disease than are children of non-smoking parents. What is less clear is how the oxygen transport system of the growing child is affected by the long-term exposure to and passive inhalation of cigarette smoke and if this exposure represents a risk for the subsequent development of atherosclerotic heart disease.
DESIGN NARRATIVE:
A sample of 300 pre-adolescent twin pairs was recruited from an established population-based twin study. The three cohorts of twins and their parents were initially evaluated in a cross-sectional study and then followed longitudinally for up to three years. In the initial testing cycle the following data were collected: genotype; general health; anthropometric measures; resting and exercise noninvasive evaluation of hemodynamic parameters including blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, left ventricular mass, and oxygen consumption; hematocrit and blood levels of 2,3-DPG, cotinine, thiocyanate, and erythropoietin; spirometric and pulmonary flow data; lipid levels. There were three follow-up exams. The availability of repeated measures of oxygen delivery and its determinants in twins and their parents permitted both a unique analysis of genetic and environmental factors during the process of developmental change and measurements of the risks of accelerated atherosclerotic/ischemic heart disease and of the development of reactive airway disease.
The following hypotheses were tested: genetic factors accounted for a significant proportion of the variation in the hematologic and cardiovascular determinants of systemic oxygen delivery; adaptive responses of the oxygen delivery system differed in the same individual before and after puberty; passive smoking in children was an incremental risk factor for the development of accelerated atherosclerotic/ischemic cardiovascular disease; passive smoking in children was a contributing factor in the development of reactive airway disease.
Genders Eligible for Study: | Male |
Accepts Healthy Volunteers: | No |
No eligibility criteria
Study ID Numbers: | 1123 |
Study First Received: | May 25, 2000 |
Last Updated: | June 23, 2005 |
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: | NCT00005242 |
Health Authority: | United States: Federal Government |
Arterial Occlusive Diseases Coronary Disease Smoking Heart Diseases Respiratory Tract Diseases Myocardial Ischemia |
Lung Diseases Vascular Diseases Ischemia Arteriosclerosis Coronary Artery Disease |
Cardiovascular Diseases |