Laws on child passenger safety are passed by the states,
rather than the Federal Government. The web site Safe Roads has a fact
sheet on child passenger safety which includes a link "Booster Seat
Laws by State":
http://www.saferoads.org/issues/fs-child.htm
The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety also has a table
comparing state laws on child passenger safety, which includes the
amount of the fines for violating them:
http://www.hwysafety.org/laws/state_laws/restrain.html
(Note: The above private-sector sites are not maintained by
US DOT or any other US Government office. We take no responsibility
for the content or accuracy of any non-US DOT web page, and offer the
above link strictly as a courtesy, should you be interested.)
You may also want to contact your state DOT for more details
on the laws in your state. Links to state Departments of
Transportation and/or state government web sites are available at
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/webstate.htm
If the FAQ above did not lead you to the answer to your question:
You can browse by category at the top of the page.