The problem of children being injured while living, working,
or visiting agricultural work environments (primarily farms), has
been recognized for several decades. Although many individuals and
groups have crusaded for the prevention of childhood agricultural
injuries over the years, there was not a national, coordinated effort.
This changed in 1991, when the Surgeon General's Conference on
Agricultural Safety and Health was held in Des Moines, Iowa. During
this conference, a session entitled Intervention: Safe Behaviors
Among Adults and Children highlighted the risks faced by people,
both young and adult, involved with production agriculture.
This was followed in 1992 by a Childhood Agricultural Injury Prevention
symposium held in Marshfield, Wisconsin. The symposium was sponsored
by the National Farm Medicine Center, a component of the Marshfield
Medical Research and Education Foundation, which sought to develop
consensus on relevant research, education, policy, and other interventions
aimed at the reduction of agricultural injuries among children.
From this meeting developed a core of 42 individuals which formed
the National Committee for Childhood Agricultural Injury Prevention
(NCCAIP). Over a 16-month period, members of the committee finalized
a National
Action Plan (http://www.marshfieldclinic.org/proxy/MCRF-Centers-NfMC-nccrahs-reports-NationalActionPlan.1.pdf) that was released in
1996 for addressing the childhood agricultural injury problem.
The National Action Plan recommends leadership, surveillance, research,
education, and public policy. The plan specifically recommended
that NIOSH serve as the lead federal agency in preventing childhood
agricultural injury.
Due in large part to the efforts by NCCAIP to raise awareness
and concern about childhood agricultural injury issues, and with
targeted funding from Congress, in October 1996, NIOSH began implementation
of a National Childhood Agricultural Injury Prevention Initiative.
NIOSH goals for the initiative are to fill critical data needs;
establish an infrastructure which facilitates the use of data to
develop and improve upon prevention efforts; and encourage the use
of effective prevention strategies by the private and public sectors.
To date, NIOSH has undertaken a number of activities to address
the recommendations in the National Action Plan. |
Background on the NIOSH Childhood Agricultural
Injury Prevention Initiative
Information on the development of the NIOSH Childhood Agricultural Injury
Prevention Initiative, important events leading to the Initiative, and
current information on the assessment of the Initiative.
Information on the February 1997
meeting to obtain input from stakeholders for the NIOSH Childhood Agricultural
Injury Prevention Initiative
HHS press release
on Child Ag Initiatives
NIOSH Update Announcing
National Children's Center for Agricultural Injury Prevention
NIOSH FACTS, Health
and Safety for Kids on the Farm
A national childhood agricultural
injury prevention initiative.
Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health. (Castillo D, Hard D, Myers
J, Pizatella T, Stout N. 1998. Special Issue 1, 183-191.)
Midcourse review
of background, important events, progress and proposed future efforts
Children
and Agriculture: Opportunities for Safety and Health, A National Action
Plan
PDF
Only 2840 KB (26 pages)
External Link: http://www.marshfieldclinic.org/proxy/MCRF-Centers-NfMC-nccrahs-reports-NationalActionPlan.1.pdf
2001 Child Agricultural Injury Summit
Background
Information
External Link: http://www.marshfieldclinic.org/nccrahs/default.aspx?page=nccrahs_casn
Final Report PDF
Only 793 KB (40 pages)
External Link: http://www.marshfieldclinic.org/proxy/MCRF-Centers-nfmc-nccrahs-reports-summitreport.1.pdf
Childhood Agricultural Injury Surveillance
Provides information on NIOSH activities to implement a Childhood Agricultural
Injury Surveillance component as recommended by the National Action Plan.
2001 Childhood Agricultural-Related Injuries
PDF
Only 37 KB (2 pages)
External Link: http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/reports/nassr/other/injury/injr0104.pdf
2000 Childhood Agricultural Injuries on Minority-Operated Farms
PDF
Only 56 KB (5 pages)
External Link: http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/reports/nassr/other/injury/injr1202.pdf
The NIOSH Childhood Agricultural
Injury Surveillance Project
Fatal
Unintentional Farm Injuries Among Persons Less than 20 Years of Age in
the United States: Geographic Profiles
DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2001-131 (July 2001)
Injuries Among Youth on Farms in the United States, 1998
DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2001-154 (June 2001)
PDF
Only 1,558 KB (191 pages)
USDA/NASS 1998 Childhood Agricultural Injuries
PDF
Only 32 KB (2 pages)
External Link: http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/reports/nassr/other/injury/injr1099.pdf
Fatal Work-related Injuries in
the Agricultural Production and Services Sector Among Youth In the U.S.
1992-1996 (abstract)
Journal of Agromedicine (Castillo DN, Adekoya N, Myers JR. 1999. 6(3),27-41)
Injuries
Among Farm Workers in the United States, 1995
DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2001-153 (May 2001)
Young Workers At Risk When
Working in Agricultural Production
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, (Hard DL, Myers JR, Snyder KA,
Casini VJ, Morton LL, Cianfrocco R and Fields J. 1999. Supplement
1:31-33.)
Fatal On-Farm Injuries Among Youth 16
to 19 Years of Age: 1982-1994
Journal of Agricultural safety and Health, (Myers J, Adekoya N. 2001.
7(2): 101-112)
MMWR Articles
Deaths
Among Children Aged Less Than or Equal to 5 Years from Farm Machinery
Runovers-Iowa, Kentucky, and Wisconsin, 1995-1998, and United States,
1990-1995
July 1999, V48(28), 605-608.
Childhood
Work-Related Agricultural Fatalities-Minnesota, 1994-1997
April 1999, V48(16) 332-335.
Youth
Agricultural Work-Related Injuries Treated in Emergency Departments-United
States, October 1995-September 1997
1998 V47(35), 733-737.
Publications
Fatal Work-Related Injuries
in the Agriculture Production Sector
Among Youth in the United States, 1992-2002
PDF Only 86 KB (9 pages)
Journal of Agromedicine (Hard DL, Myers JR. [2006]. 11(2):57-65.)
External Link: http://ja.haworthpress.com
Injuries to youth living on U.S. farms in 2001 with comparison
to 1998.
Journal of Agromedicine (Hendricks KJ, Layne LA, Goldcamp EM, Myers JR.
[2006]. 10(4):19-26.)
Injury and
Asthma Among Youth Less Than 20 Years of Age on Minority Farm Operations
in the United States, 2000 Volume II: Hispanic National Data
DHHS NIOSH Publication No. 2006-109 (October 2005)
Injury and Asthma
Among Youth Less Than 20 Years of Age on Minority Farm Operations in the
United States, 2000, Volume I: Racial Minority National Data
DHHS NIOSH Publication No. 2005-147 (July 2005)
2001 Childhood Agricultural-Related Injuries
PDF
Only 37 KB (2 pages)
External Link: http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/reports/nassr/other/injury/injr0104.pdf
Injuries Among
Youth on Farms, 2001
DHHS NIOSH Publication No. 2004-172 (December 2004)
Asthma Among
Household Youth on Hispanic Farm Operations
DHHS NIOSH Publication No. 2004-158
en
español
Injuries to
Youth on Hispanic Farm Operations
DHHS NIOSH Publication No. 2004-157
en
español
Conference
Proceedings: Prevention of Musculoskeletal Disorders for Children and
Adolescents Working in Agriculture
DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2004-119 (June 2004)
Asthma Among
Household Youth on Minority Farm Operations
DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2004-118 (December 2003)
Injuries to
Youth on Minority Farm Operations
DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2004-117 (December 2003)
2000 Childhood Agricultural Injuries on Minority-Operated Farms
PDF
Only 56 KB (5 pages)
External Link: http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/reports/nassr/other/injury/injr1202.pdf
Fatal
Unintentional Farm Injuries Among Persons Less than 20 Years of Age in
the United States: Geographic Profiles
DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2001-131 (July 2001)
Injuries Among Youth on Farms in the United States, 1998
DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2001-154 (June 2001)
PDF
Only 1,558 KB (191 pages)
USDA/NASS 1998 Childhood Agricultural Injuries
PDF
Only 32 KB (2 pages)
External Link: http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/reports/nassr/other/injury/injr1099.pdf
Fatal Work-related Injuries In
the Agricultural Production and Services Sector Among Youth In the U.S.
1992-1996 (abstract)
Journal of Agromedicine (Castillo DN, Adekoya N, Myers JR. 1999. 6(3),27-41)
Injuries
Among Farm Workers in the United States, 1995
DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2001-153 (May 2001)
Young Workers At Risk When
Working In Agricultural Production
American Journal of Industrial Medicine (Hard DL, Myers JR, Snyder KA,
Casini VJ, Morton LL, Cianfrocco R and Fields J. 1999. Supplement
1:31-33.)
Fatal On-Farm Injuries Among Youth 16
to 19 Years of Age: 1982-1994
Journal of Agricultural safety and Health (Myers J, Adekoya N. 2001.
7(2): 101-112)
The childhood agricultural injury
prevention strategy workshop: A private sector perspective.
Field W., Final Report
to NIOSH: A summary of strategies and successes.
MMWR Articles
Deaths
Among Children Aged Less Than or Equal to 5 Years from Farm Machinery
Runovers-Iowa, Kentucky, and Wisconsin, 1995-1998, and United States,
1990-1995
July 1999, V48(28), 605-608.
Childhood
Work-Related Agricultural Fatalities-Minnesota, 1994-1997
April 1999, V48(16) 332-335.
Youth
Agricultural Work-Related Injuries Treated in Emergency Departments-United
States, October 1995-September 1997
1998 V47(35), 733-737.
Other Publications
All-Terrain Vehicle Injuries to Youth Living and Working on Farms in the U.S., 2001-2006. 2008.
M. Goldcamp. Research paper presented at the 2008 NIFS Annual Conference, Lancaster, PA.
Injuries Among Youth on Farms in the United States, 2006. 2008. K.J. Hendricks. Research paper presented at the 2008 NIFS Annual Conference, Lancaster, PA.
Tractor Roll-Overs and Farm Safety Exposure Data on Farms and Ranches, U.S. 2006.
2008. L.A. Layne, D. Hard, K.J. Hendricks and J.R. Myers. Research paper presented at the 2008 NIFS Annual Conference, Lancaster, PA.
Fatal Work-Related Injuries in the Agricultural Production Sector
Among Youth in the United States, 1992- 2002. 2005. David L.
Hard and John R. Myers. Technical paper presented at the 2005 NIFS Annual
Conference, Wintergreen, VA.
Non-fatal All-Terrain Vehicle Injuries to Youth on Farms in the U.S., 2001.
PDF
Only 52 KB (18 pages)
2004. Michael Goldcamp,
John Myers, Kitty Hendricks, and Larry Layne. Research paper presented
at the 2004 NIFS Annual Conference, Keystone, CO.
A Comparison of Injuries Among Youth Living on Farms in the US,
1998-2001.
PDF
Only 46 KB (18 pages)
2004. Kitty J. Hendricks, Larry A. Layne, E. Michael Goldcamp and John
R. Myers. Research paper presented at the 2004 NIFS Annual Conference,
Keystone, CO.
Non-Fatal Injuries: An Overview of Injuries to Youth Living on
Racial-Minority Operated Farms in the US, 2000.
PDF
Only 43 KB (11 pages)
2003. Goldcamp Michael, Hendricks Kitty, Layne Larry and Myers John. Research
paper presented at the 2003 NIFS Annual Conference, Windsor, Ontario,
Canada.
Farm Hazards to Household Youth on Minority Operated Farms in the US, 2000: Exposure and
Injury from Work, Horses, ATVs and Tractors.
PDF
Only 66 KB (17 pages)
2003. Hendricks Kitty, Myers John R., Goldcamp Michael and Layne Larry. Research paper presented
at the 2003 NIFS Annual Conference, Windsor, Ontario, Canada.
Demographics and Non-fatal Injury Patterns of Youth Less than
20 Years Old on Hispanic Operated Farms in the US, 2000.
PDF
Only 60 KB (19 pages)
2003. Layne LA, Myers JR, Hendricks KJ and
Goldcamp EM. Research paper presented at the 2003 NIFS Annual Conference,
Windsor, Ontario, Canada.
North American Guidelines for Children's Agricultural Tasks and
Child Labor Regulations. 2002, June. Cohen, A. Final Contract
Report: Available from the NIOSH, Division of Safety Research, 1095 Willowdale
Road, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888.
Fatal and Non-Fatal Falls in US Agricultural Production to Youth
Less Than 20 Years Old.
PDF
Only 60 KB (12 pages)
2002. Hendricks KJ, Myers JR, Goldcamp EM. Presented at the 2002 NIFS
Annual Conference, Ponte Vedra, FL.
Farm Fatalities to Youth 1995-1997: A Comparison by Age Groups.
PDF
Only 222 KB (18 pages)
2002. Goldcamp EM, Myers JR,
Hendricks KJ. Presented at the 2002 NIFS Annual Conference, Ponte Vedra,
FL.
Non-fatal Animal-Related Farm Injuries to Youth in the United
States– 1998.
PDF
Only 50 KB (27 pages)
2001. Hendricks KJ, Adekoya N. Presented at the 2001 NIFS Annual Conference,
Pittsburgh, PA.
Fatal Agricultural Work Injuries from Harmful Substances or Environments
in the United States. 1992-1996. 1999. Adekoya, Nelson and Myers,
John R. Technical paper presented at the 1999 NIFS Annual Conference,
Ocean City, Maryland.
Relevant Links
Childhood Agricultural Safety Network
External Link: http://www.childagsafety.org/
National
Children's Center for Rural and Agricultural Health and Safety
External Link:
http://www.marshfieldclinic.org/nccrahs/
Association of Maternal and Child
Health Programs (AMCHP)
External Link: http://www.amchp.org/Pages/Welcome.aspx
Maternal and Child Health
Bureau (MCHB)
External Link: http://www.mchb.hrsa.gov/
National Maternal and Child
Health Clearinghouse
External Link: http://www.ask.hrsa.gov/
Other Links of Interest
Migrant and Seasonal Hired Adolescent Farm Workers: A Plan to
Improve Working Conditions. Recommendations from the National Adolescent
Farm Worker Occupational Health and Safety Advisory Committee
PDF
Only 44.73 MB (29 pages)
External link: http://www.marshfieldclinic.org/ldf/MCRF-Centers-NFMC-nccrahs-reports-migrant.pdf
National Children's Center for Rural and Agricultural Health and Safety,
National Farm Medicine Center, Marshfield Clinic, Marshfield, WI.
Creating Safe Play Areas on Farms
PDF
Only 906 KB (32 pages)
External link: http://www.marshfieldclinic.org/proxy/MCRF-Centers-NFMC-keyprojects-booklet-safeplay-v2.1.pdf
This guidance document has been developed as a resource for safety professionals,
farm and rural community leaders, and farm owners who want to understand
important features of safe play areas for children who live on or visit
farms, ranches,
orchards or other agricultural settings. The focus is on children between
the ages of
2 and 10 years old.
Children
and Agriculture: Opportunities for Safety and Health, A National Action
Plan
PDF
Only 2840 KB (26 pages)
External Link: http://www.marshfieldclinic.org/proxy/MCRF-Centers-NfMC-nccrahs-reports-NationalActionPlan.1.pdf
2001 Child Agricultural Injury Summit
Background
Information
External Link: http://www.marshfieldclinic.org/nccrahs/default.aspx?page=nccrahs_casn
Final Report PDF
Only 793 KB (40 pages)
External Link: http://www.marshfieldclinic.org/proxy/MCRF-Centers-nfmc-nccrahs-reports-summitreport.1.pdf
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