|
Read to
|
|
Told a story
|
|
Taught letters, words, or numbers
|
|
Taught songs or music
|
Child or family characteristic |
1993 |
2005 |
|
1993 |
2005 |
|
1993 |
2005 |
|
1993 |
2005 |
|
Total |
0.66 |
0.75 |
|
0.89 |
1.03 |
|
0.79 |
0.89 |
|
0.86 |
1.08 |
Age |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
0.99 |
1.21 |
|
1.33 |
1.91 |
|
1.27 |
1.19 |
|
1.33 |
1.49 |
4 |
1.00 |
1.32 |
|
1.52 |
1.60 |
|
1.11 |
1.46 |
|
1.24 |
1.62 |
5 |
2.09 |
2.24 |
|
2.70 |
3.40 |
|
2.81 |
2.32 |
|
2.56 |
3.32 |
Sex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Male |
1.04 |
1.20 |
|
1.26 |
1.78 |
|
0.97 |
1.40 |
|
1.31 |
1.59 |
Female |
1.00 |
0.94 |
|
1.24 |
1.63 |
|
1.35 |
1.17 |
|
1.22 |
1.48 |
Race/ethnicity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
White |
0.71 |
0.75 |
|
0.98 |
1.49 |
|
0.93 |
1.36 |
|
1.00 |
1.53 |
Black |
2.36 |
3.13 |
|
2.69 |
3.63 |
|
2.69 |
3.13 |
|
3.10 |
4.09 |
Hispanic |
2.38 |
2.04 |
|
2.18 |
2.40 |
|
1.94 |
2.24 |
|
1.99 |
2.18 |
Asian/Pacific Islander |
5.83 |
4.41 |
|
7.35 |
4.93 |
|
4.90 |
6.30 |
|
4.65 |
6.02 |
Parents’ primary home language |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Both parents speak English |
0.64 |
0.74 |
|
0.92 |
1.18 |
|
0.85 |
0.98 |
|
0.94 |
1.18 |
One parent speaks English |
7.44 |
6.17 |
|
7.96 |
7.91 |
|
7.66 |
7.04 |
|
6.08 |
7.29 |
Neither parent speaks English |
3.13 |
2.81 |
|
2.75 |
2.84 |
|
2.76 |
2.68 |
|
2.60 |
3.61 |
Parents’ education |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less than high school |
3.83 |
3.55 |
|
3.55 |
3.91 |
|
2.98 |
3.47 |
|
3.06 |
3.97 |
High school diploma or equivalent |
1.56 |
1.78 |
|
1.48 |
2.48 |
|
1.51 |
2.11 |
|
1.45 |
2.49 |
Some college, including vocational/technical |
1.36 |
1.38 |
|
1.78 |
2.47 |
|
1.62 |
1.64 |
|
1.33 |
2.23 |
Bachelor’s degree |
1.57 |
1.38 |
|
2.27 |
2.32 |
|
1.77 |
2.34 |
|
2.25 |
2.13 |
Graduate/professional degree |
1.57 |
1.17 |
|
2.40 |
2.52 |
|
2.07 |
1.79 |
|
2.21 |
2.48 |
Mother’s employment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
35 hours or more per week |
1.20 |
1.18 |
|
1.23 |
2.00 |
|
1.47 |
1.87 |
|
1.55 |
1.94 |
Less than 35 hours per week |
1.67 |
1.47 |
|
1.94 |
2.39 |
|
1.95 |
1.73 |
|
1.81 |
2.47 |
Looking for work |
3.45 |
2.55 |
|
2.91 |
6.83 |
|
3.65 |
3.64 |
|
4.41 |
4.69 |
Not in the labor force |
1.26 |
1.31 |
|
1.46 |
2.02 |
|
1.49 |
1.57 |
|
1.36 |
1.86 |
Family type |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Two-parent household |
0.71 |
0.80 |
|
0.96 |
1.14 |
|
0.91 |
1.08 |
|
0.89 |
1.35 |
One-parent or guardian-only household |
1.71 |
1.74 |
|
1.97 |
2.57 |
|
2.13 |
1.98 |
|
1.93 |
2.61 |
Poverty status |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Poor |
1.59 |
1.94 |
|
1.83 |
2.65 |
|
2.00 |
2.08 |
|
2.05 |
2.44 |
Near-poor |
1.46 |
1.72 |
|
1.55 |
2.23 |
|
1.59 |
2.15 |
|
1.34 |
2.33 |
Nonpoor |
0.77 |
0.72 |
|
1.26 |
1.34 |
|
1.05 |
1.20 |
|
1.26 |
1.43 |
Number of children under age 18 in the home |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
1.52 |
1.95 |
|
1.93 |
2.60 |
|
1.74 |
2.53 |
|
1.67 |
2.80 |
2–3 |
0.80 |
0.88 |
|
1.10 |
1.29 |
|
0.87 |
1.18 |
|
1.01 |
1.31 |
4 or more |
2.62 |
2.09 |
|
2.90 |
3.39 |
|
3.01 |
2.84 |
|
2.23 |
3.20 |
|
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, School Readiness Survey of the 1993 National Household Education Surveys Program (NHES) and Early Childhood Program Participation Survey of the 2005 NHES, previously unpublished tabulation (October 2005).
|