Sargeant, Alan B., Stephen H. Allen, and Robert T. Eberhardt.  1984.  Red fox 
     predation on breeding ducks in midcontinent North America.  Wildlife 
     Monographs 89:1-41.

Sargeant, Alan B., Stephen H. Allen, and Robert T. Eberhardt.  1984.  Red fox 
     predation on breeding ducks in midcontinent North America.  Wildlife 
     Monographs 89:1-41.  Jamestown, ND: Northern Prairie Wildlife Research
     Center Online.  http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/mammals/redfox/index.htm
     (Version 02JUN99).

Table of Contents

• Abstract
• Introduction
  • Acknowledgments
• Study Areas
• Methods
  • Midcontinent Questionnaire Survey
  • Ground Crew Visits to Dens in Intensive Study Area
  • Duck identification and Population Data
  • Durability of Duck Remains at Dens
  • Calculation of Predation Rate Index
  • Interpretation of Data
• Results and Discussion
  • Waterfowl Remains at Dens
  • Species Compositions
  • Sex Compositions
  • Fox Predation Rate Indices
  • Duck Mortality Estimates
  • Duck Contribution to Fox Diet
  • History of Midcontinent Fox Populations
• Conclusions and Management Considerations
  • Previous Studies
  • Mortality Factors
  • Duck Vulnerability
  • Effects of Predation on Duck Populations
  • Predator Management
• Literature Cited

Tables

• Table 1 -- Numbers of ducks found at red fox rearing dens in sample areas
• Table 2 -- Percentages of ducks identified at red fox rearing dens in the east and west river study areas
• Table 3 -- Percentages of ducks identified at red fox rearing dens in Barnes, Kidder, and Stutsman counties
• Table 4 -- Percent averages of ducks found at red fox rearing dens in Barnes, Kidder, and Stutsman counties
• Table 5 -- Percentage of hen ducks found at red fox dens in the east and west study areas
• Table 6 -- Percentage of hen ducks found at red fox dens in Barnes, Kidder, and Stutsman counties.
• Table 7 -- Incidence of ducks at red fox dens visited in duck nesting-ground sample areas
• Table 8 -- Fox predation rate indices for ducks
• Table 9 -- Vulnerability indices for ducks
• Table 10 -- Number of red fox families
• Table 11 -- Estimated number of ducks taken by red foxes
• Table 12 -- Estimated contribution of ducks to the prey biomass of red fox families
• Table 13 -- Fur value, fur harvest, population trends, and harvest regulations for red foxes

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