Wildlife Monographs
Mallard Recruitment in the
Agricultural Environment of
North Dakota
By
Lewis M. Cowardin
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center,
Jamestown, ND 58401
David S. Gilmer1
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center,
Jamestown, ND 58401
Charles W. Shaiffer2
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center,
Jamestown, ND 58401
This resource is based on the following source (Northern Prairie Publication 0607):
Cowardin, Lewis M., David S. Gilmer, and Charles W. Shaiffer. 1985. Mallard recruitment in the agricultural environment of North Dakota. Wildlife Monographs 92:1-37.This resource should be cited as:
Cowardin, Lewis M., David S. Gilmer, and Charles W. Shaiffer. 1985. Mallard recruitment in the agricultural environment of North Dakota. Wildlife Monographs 92:1-37. Jamestown, ND: Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center Online. http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/birds/recruit/index.htm (Version 02JUN99).
Contents
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Study Area
- Methods
- Results and Discussion
- Nesting
- Relation of Reproductive Effort to Condition of the Hen
- Hen Success
- Relation of Hen Success to Habitat Conditions and Weather
- Survival of Hens During Spring and Summer
- Causes of Summer Mortality
- Brood Survival
- Survival of Broods
- Distance Moved by Broods
- Average Brood Size
- Models and Tests of Assumptions
- Evaluation of Assumptions
- Radios Did Not Influence Breeding Behavior
- The Birds Captured Are Representative of the Population
- Birds in the Population Did Not Breed Elsewhere
- No Successful Nests Went Undetected
- Biases in Analysis Techniques
- Evaluation of Assumptions
- Implication for Management and Research
- The Management Problem
- Research Needs
- The Future
- Literature Cited
1Present address: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Wildlife Research Field Station, Dixon Lab, 6924 Tremont Road, Dixon, CA 95620.
2Present address: Box 308, 74 Jefferson Street, Dewitt, AR 72042.
Wildlife Monographs
A Publication of The Wildlife Society
Roy L. Kirkpatrick, Editor
Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Blacksburg, VA 24061
Consulting Editors for this Issue: | ||
Mike Anderson Delta Waterfowl Research Station Portage La Prairie, Manitoba Canada R1N 3A1 |
Leigh H. Fredrickson Gaylord Memorial Laboratory University of Missouri-Columbia Puxico, MO 63960 |
|
Editorial Assistant: | ||
Thelma J. Kirkpatrick |
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© The Wildlife Society, Inc. 1985
Funding for this study and publication was provided by The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
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