Internet address: http://www.bls.gov/ro3/ INFORMATION: Gerald Perrins PLS - 4245 (215) 597-3282 FOR RELEASE: MEDIA CONTACT: Sheila Watkins FRIDAY, OCTOBER 13, 2006 (215) 861-5600 OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES IN RICHMOND AND VIRGINIA BEACH-NORFOLK-NEWPORT NEWS, MAY 2005 Workers in the Richmond, Va. Metropolitan Statistical Area (1) (MSA) had an average (mean) hourly wage rate of $18.42 in May 2005; this compares to the nationwide average of $18.21, according to the U.S. Department of Labors Bureau of Labor Statistics. For the same period, the Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, Va.-NC. Metropolitan Statistical Area2 had a mean hourly wage rate of $17.10. Regional Commissioner Sheila Watkins reported that wages in the Richmond area were significantly higher than their respective national averages in 5 of the 22 major occupational groups, including managers, and sales and related, and significantly below in 6 others. In the Virginia Beach area, wage rates were significantly above their respective national averages in only 2 of the 22 categories (community and social services and production) and significantly below in 13 others. Still, it should be noted that of the 22 major occupational groups in the Virginia Beach area, 19 had wages that varied by less than $2.00 from their respective national averages and in the Richmond area, it was 20 out of 22. In addition, employment was more highly concentrated in 7 of the 22 occupational groups including business and financial operations in the Richmond area than in the nation, while 6 other occupational groups had a significantly below-average national presence, one of which was production workers. In the Virginia Beach area, employment was more highly concentrated in 7 of the 22 occupational groups than in the nation as a whole; included in this group were sales and related, and construction and extraction workers. Ten other occupational groups had a lower-than-average presence in Virginia Beach, and, as in Richmond, one such group was production workers. (For a complete listing of occupations in the Richmond and Virginia Beach areas with wages and employment shares significantly different from their respective national averages, see the Reliability of the Estimates section in the Technical Note.) These statistics for wage and salary workers are from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) survey, a federal-state cooperative program between BLS and State Workforce Agencies. The OES survey provides estimates of employment, hourly wages, and annual wages for 22 major occupational groups and up to 801 detailed occupations for the nation, the states, and 375 metropolitan areas. In a comparison of wage rates across the two areas, workers in the Richmond area had significantly higher wages than their counterparts in the Virginia Beach area in 8 of the 22 major occupational categories. The largest differences were found in the computer and mathematical ($31.65 versus $28.74), and sales and related ($16.88 versus $14.50) professions. Wages were also higher in management; business and financial operations; installation, maintenance, and repair; office and administrative support; personal care and service; and healthcare support occupations. None of the 22 major occupation groups in Virginia Beach had significantly higher wages than their counterparts in Richmond. In addition, employment was more highly concentrated in 7 of the 22 major occupational groups (management; business and financial operations; computer and mathematical; life, physical, and social science; community and social services; legal; and office and administrative support) in Richmond when compared to Virginia Beach. On the other hand, 5 major occupational groups in the Virginia Beach area (architecture and engineering; food preparation and serving related; buildings and grounds cleaning and maintenance; sales and related; and transportation and material moving) had a higher than average presence than in the Richmond area. Occupational wages Management and legal occupations were the two highest-paying occupational groups in the Richmond area in May 2005, with management positions averaging $44.25 an hour and the legal profession, $35.53. (See chart 1.) Similarly, management and legal occupations were the top paid in the Virginia Beach area, with workers earning $42.64 and $34.57 per hour, respectively. Nationwide, these were also the highest-paying occupational groups, with average earnings of $42.52 in management and $38.98 in legal occupations. Within the management group in the Richmond and the Virginia Beach metropolitan areas, hourly wages varied widely. For example, chief executives averaged $66.66 in Richmond and $70.87 in Virginia Beach, while food service managers in these two localities earned $19.48 and $19.73, respectively. The largest worker group in the two areas was general and operations managers, with both employing more than 5,000 workers and paying over $50.00 per hour. (See table 3.) Chart 1. Average hourly wages by major occupational group, United States, the Richmond area, and Virginia Beach area, May 2005 The food preparation and serving related group was the lowest paid in both the Richmond ($8.52) and the Virginia Beach ($8.29) metropolitan areas, as well as in the U.S. ($8.58). (See table 1.) Within this group in Richmond, chefs and head cooks were one of the highest paid, earning $15.32 an hour, while restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop hosts and hostesses, earning $6.97, were at the lower end of the pay scale. In Virginia Beach, chefs and head cooks were also among the better paid, earning $15.34, while dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers were among the lower paid, earning $6.51 an hour. Table 1. Average hourly wages by major occupational group, United States, the Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News metropolitan area, and the Richmond metropolitan area, May 2005
Major occupational groups |
Average hourly wage |
|||
Virginia Beach-Norfolk- | ||||
United States | Richmond | Newport News | ||
All Occupations | $18.21 | $18.42 | $17.10 | |
Management occupations | $42.52 | $44.25 | $42.64 | |
Business and financial operations occupations | $27.85 | $27.60 | $26.20 | |
Computer and mathematical occupations | $32.26 | $31.65 | $28.74 | |
Architecture and engineering occupations | $30.73 | $29.45 | $29.68 | |
Life, physical, and social science occupations | $27.90 | $28.42 | $27.23 | |
Community and social services occupations | $18.04 | $18.01 | $18.87 | |
Legal occupations | $38.98 | $35.53 | $34.57 | |
Education, training, and library occupations | $20.89 | $20.87 | $21.15 | |
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations | $21.30 | $20.02 | $20.02 | |
Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations | $28.45 | $27.36 | $28.38 | |
Healthcare support occupations | $11.47 | $10.94 | $10.45 | |
Protective service occupations | $17.19 | $16.70 | $15.69 | |
Food preparation and serving related occupations | $8.58 | $8.52 | $8.29 | |
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations | $10.55 | $9.38 | $9.25 | |
Personal care and service occupations | $10.67 | $10.62 | $9.46 | |
Sales and related occupations | $15.77 | $16.88 | $14.50 | |
Office and administrative support occupations | $14.28 | $14.70 | $13.49 | |
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations | $10.10 | $13.44 | $11.63 | |
Construction and extraction occupations | $18.39 | $16.63 | $16.13 | |
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations | $18.30 | $18.78 | $17.43 | |
Production occupations | $14.37 | $15.02 | $15.28 | |
Transportation and material moving occupations | $13.85 | $13.02 | $12.99 |
Occupational employment The largest major occupational group in both the Richmond and Virginia Beach metropolitan areas was office and administrative support, with a total of 106,950 and 120,690 workers, respectively; it was also the largest group nationally. Richmonds employment share of office and administrative support workers (18.2 percent) was significantly above their representation nationally (17.5 percent), while Virginia Beachs share (16.5 percent) was significantly lower than that of both the nations and neighboring Richmonds. Office and administrative support occupations represented the largest share of workers in all three of these areas. (See chart 2 and table 2.) Within the office and administrative support group in Richmond, general office clerks (19,390) and customer services representatives (13,100) were among the most numerous. In the Virginia Beach area, general office clerks (23,900) and customer services representatives (10,330) were again the most prevalent. (See table 3.) The second-largest occupational group in both metropolitan areas, as well as the nation, was sales and related occupations. Virginia Beachs share of sales and related occupations (12.1 percent) was significantly higher than that of both the nations (10.7 percent) and neighboring Richmonds (11.6 percent). Richmonds share was also significantly above the national distribution of all workers employed in sales and related occupations. Retail salespersons and cashiers were the most numerous jobs under the sales and related category in both areas as well as the nation. Chart 2. Occupational employment as a share of total employment, United States, the Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News metropolitan area, and the Richmond metropolitan area, May 2005 Both metropolitan areas had larger-than-average percentages of employment in construction and extraction occupations. In Virginia Beach, this group accounted for 6.3 percent of employed, while in the Richmond the group made up 6.0 percent of the workforce; the comparable figure for the nation was 4.9 percent. On the other hand, both metropolitan areas recorded lower-than- average shares of employment in the production group. Nationally, 7.9 percent of the workforce was employed in this line of work, while 5.7 percent of workers in Richmond and 5.6 percent of workers in the Virginia Beach held production jobs. However, the composition of the production occupational group in these two locations did differ. For example, two of the larger detailed occupational groups in production in the Virginia Beach area, machinists (2,790) and welders, cutters, solders, and brazers (2,880), were not nearly as heavily represented in the Richmond area (numbering 960 and 880, respectively). Table 2. Employment by major occupational group, United States, the Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News metropolitan area, and the Richmond metropolitan area, May 2005
Major occupational groups |
Employment as a percent of total |
|||
Virginia Beach-Norfolk- | ||||
United States | Richmond | Newport News | ||
Total | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | |
Management | 4.6 | 3.6 | 2.9 | |
Business and financial operations | 4.2 | 5.8 | 4.7 | |
Computer and mathematical | 2.3 | 3.0 | 2.4 | |
Architecture and engineering | 1.8 | 1.8 | 2.9 | |
Life, physical, and social science | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.8 | |
Community and social services | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.1 | |
Legal | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.5 | |
Education, training, and library | 6.2 | 5.6 | 6.3 | |
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.1 | |
Healthcare practitioners and technical | 5.0 | 5.0 | 4.6 | |
Healthcare support | 2.6 | 2.2 | 2.1 | |
Protective service | 2.3 | 2.7 | 2.5 | |
Food preparation and serving related | 8.3 | 6.9 | 8.8 | |
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.8 | |
Personal care and service | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.5 | |
Sales and related | 10.7 | 11.6 | 12.1 | |
Office and administrative support | 17.5 | 18.2 | 16.5 | |
Farming, fishing, and forestry | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
Construction and extraction | 4.9 | 6.0 | 6.3 | |
Installation, maintenance, and repair | 4.1 | 4.6 | 4.6 | |
Production | 7.9 | 5.7 | 5.6 | |
Transportation and material moving | 7.4 | 7.0 | 7.7 |
Technical Note Scope of the Survey The Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) survey is a semiannual mail survey measuring occupational employment and wage rates for wage and salary workers in nonfarm establishments in the United States. Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands also are surveyed, but their data are not included in this release. OES estimates are constructed from a sample of about 1.2 million establishments. Forms are mailed to approximately 200,000 establishments in May and November of each year for a 3-year period. The nationwide response rate for the May 2005 survey was 78.4 percent based on establishments and 73.2 percent based on employment. The survey included establishments sampled in the May 2005, November 2004, May 2004, November 2003, May 2003, and November 2002 semi-annual panels. The sample in the Richmond, Va. Metropolitan Statistical Area included 4,194 establishments with a response rate of 78 percent and the Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, Va.-NC. Metropolitan Statistical Area included 5,300 establishments with a response rate of 77 percent. The occupational coding system The OES survey uses the Office of Management and Budget's (OMB) occupational classification system, the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. The SOC system is the first OMB- required occupational classification system for federal agencies. The OES survey categorizes workers in 1 of 801 detailed occupations. Together, these detailed occupations comprise 23 major occupational groups, one of which--military specific occupations--is not included in the OES survey. The major groups are as follows: Management occupations Business and financial operations occupations Computer and mathematical science occupations Architecture and engineering occupations Life, physical, and social science occupations Community and social services occupations Legal occupations Education, training, and library occupations Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations Healthcare support occupations Protective service occupations Food preparation and serving related occupations Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations Personal care and service occupations Sales and related occupations Office and administrative support occupations Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations Construction and extraction occupations Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations Production occupations Transportation and material moving occupations Military specific occupations (not surveyed in OES) For more information about the SOC system, please see the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Web site at http://www.bls.gov/soc/. The industry coding system The OES survey uses the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). For more information about NAICS, see the BLS Web site at http://www.bls.gov/bls/naics.htm. The OES survey includes establishments in NAICS sectors 11 (logging and agricultural support activities only), 21, 22, 23, 31- 33, 42, 44-45, 48-49, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 61, 62, 71, 72, 81 (except private households), state government, and local government. The U.S. Postal Service and the executive branch of the federal government also are included. An establishment is defined as an economic unit that processes goods or provides services, such as a factory, mine, or store. The establishment is generally at a single physical location and is engaged primarily in one type of economic activity. The OES survey covers all full- and part-time wage and salary workers in nonfarm industries. The survey does not include the self-employed owners and partners in unincorporated firms, household workers, or unpaid family workers. Survey sample BLS funds the survey and provides the procedures and technical support, while the State Workforce Agencies (SWAs) collect most of the data. BLS produces cross-industry and industry-specific estimates for the nation, states, and metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs). Industry-specific estimates are produced at the NAICS sector, 3-digit, 4-digit, and selected 5-digit industry levels. BLS releases all cross-industry and national estimates; the SWAs release industry-specific estimates at the state and MSA levels. State Unemployment Insurance (UI) files provide the universe from which the OES survey draws its sample. Employment benchmarks are obtained from reports submitted by employers to the UI program. Supplemental sources are used for rail transportation (NAICS 4821) and Guam because they do not report to the UI program. The OES survey sample is stratified by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas and industry. Samples selected in panels prior to May 2005 were stratified using MSA definitions based on the 1990 Metropolitan Statistical Area standards. Beginning with the May 2005 panel, the sample was stratified using new MSA definitions based on the 2000 Metropolitan Statistical Area standards. A census of federal government and the U.S. Postal Service is taken every panel. A census of state government and Hawaii's local government is taken every November panel. In order to provide the most occupational coverage, larger employers are more likely to be selected than smaller employers. The unweighted employment of sampled establishments make up approximately 65 percent of total national employment. Concepts Occupational employment is the estimate of total wage and salary employment in an occupation across the industries surveyed. The OES survey defines employment as the number of workers who can be classified as full- or part-time employees, including workers on paid vacations or other types of paid leave; workers on unpaid short-term absences; salaried officers, executives, and staff members of incorporated firms; employees temporarily assigned to other units; and employees for whom the reporting unit is their permanent duty station regardless of whether that unit prepares their paycheck. The OES survey form sent to establishments with more than 10 workers contains between 50 and 225 SOC occupations selected on the basis of the sampled establishment's industry classification. To reduce paperwork and respondent burden, no survey form contains every SOC occupation. Thus, data for specific occupations are collected primarily from establishments in industries that are the predominant employers of workers in those occupations. Each survey form is structured, however, to allow a respondent to provide detailed occupational information for each worker at the establishment; that is, unlisted occupations can be added to the survey form. Employers with 10 or fewer workers are sent a form with no occupations listed, and are instructed to fill in the occupations for their workers. Wages for the OES survey are straight-time, gross pay, exclusive of premium pay. Base rate, cost-of-living allowances, guaranteed pay, hazardous-duty pay, incentive pay including commissions and production bonuses, tips, and on-call pay are included. Excluded are back pay, jury duty pay, overtime pay, severance pay, shift differentials, nonproduction bonuses, employer cost for supplementary benefits, and tuition reimbursements. The OES survey collects wage data in 12 intervals. Employers report the number of employees in an occupation for each wage range. The wage intervals used for the May 2005 survey are as follows:
Wages
|Interval |------------------------------------------- | Hourly | Annual Range A | Under $6.75 | Under $14,040 Range B | $6.75 to $8.49 | $14,040 to $17,679 Range C | $8.50 to $10.74 | $17,680 to $22,359 Range D | $10.75 to $13.49 | $22,360 to $28,079 Range E | $13.50 to $16.99 | $28,080 to $35,359 Range F | $17.00 to $21.49 | $35,360 to $44,719 Range G | $21.50 to $27.24 | $44,720 to $56,679 Range H | $27.25 to $34.49 | $56,680 to $71,759 Range I | $34.50 to $43.74 | $71,760 to $90,999 Range J | $43.75 to $55.49 | $91,000 to $115,439 Range K | $55.50 to $69.99 | $115,440 to $145,599 Range L | $70.00 and over | $145,600 and over Mean hourly wage. The mean hourly wage rate for an occupation is the total wages that all workers in the occupation earn in an hour divided by the total employment of the occupation. To calculate the mean hourly wage of each occupation, total weighted hourly wages are summed across all intervals and divided by the occupation's weighted survey employment. The mean wage for each interval is based on occupational wage data collected by the BLS Office of Compensation and Working Conditions for the National Compensation Survey (NCS). The mean hourly wage value for the highest wage interval, $70.00 and over, was computed separately for NCS data from 2004, 2003, and 2002. The average of these mean wage rates was used for all of the $70.00 and over data in the May 2005 survey. The wage rates for this interval do not go through any wage updating procedures. Percentile wage. The p-th percentile wage range for an occupation is the wage where p percent of all workers earn that amount or less and where (100-p) percent of all workers earn that amount or more. This statistic is calculated by uniformly distributing the workers inside each wage interval, ranking the workers from lowest paid to highest paid, and calculating the product of the total employment for the occupation and the desired percentile to determine the worker that earns the p-th percentile wage rate. Annual wage. Many employees are paid at an hourly rate by their employers and may work more than or less than 40 hours per week. Annual wage estimates for most occupations in this release are calculated by multiplying the mean hourly wage by a "year- round, full-time" figure of 2,080 hours (52 weeks by 40 hours). Thus, annual wage estimates may not represent the actual annual pay received by the employee if they work more or less than 2,080 hours per year. Some workers typically work less than full time, year round. For these occupations, the OES survey collects and reports either the annual salary or the hourly wage rate, depending on how the occupation is typically paid, but not both. For example, teachers, flight attendants, and pilots may be paid an annual salary, but do not work the usual 2,080 hours per year. In this case, an annual salary is reported. Other workers, such as entertainment workers, are paid hourly rates, but generally do not work full time, year round. For these workers, only an hourly wage is reported. Hourly versus annual wage reporting. For each occupation, respondents are asked to report the number of employees paid within specific wage intervals. The intervals are defined both as hourly rates and the corresponding annual rates, where the annual rate for an occupation is calculated by multiplying the hourly wage rate by a typical work year of 2,080 hours. The responding establishment can reference either the hourly or the annual rate for full-time workers, but they are instructed to report the hourly rate for part- time workers. Estimation methodology Each OES panel includes approximately 200,000 establishments. The OES survey is designed to produce estimates using six panels (3 years) of data. The full six-panel sample of 1.2 million establishments allows the production of estimates at detailed levels of geography, industry, and occupation. Wage updating. Significant reductions in sampling errors are obtained by combining six panels of data, particularly for small geographic areas and occupations. Wages for the current panel need no adjustment. However, wages in the five previous panels need to be updated to the current panel's reference period. The OES program uses the BLS Employment Cost Index (ECI) to adjust survey data from prior panels before combining them with the current panel's data. The wage updating procedure adjusts each detailed occupation's wage rate, as measured in the earlier panel, according to the average movement of its broader occupational division. The procedure assumes that there are no major differences by geography, industry, or detailed occupation within the occupational division. Imputation. About 20 percent of establishments do not respond for a given panel. A "nearest neighbor" hot deck imputation procedure is used to impute missing occupational employment totals. A variant of mean imputation is used to impute missing wage distributions. The variant of mean imputation for wage distributions also is applied to establishments that provide reports with occupational totals but partial or missing wage data. Weighting and benchmarking. The sample establishments in each panel are weighted to represent all establishments that were part of the in-scope frame from which the panel was selected. Based on the sampled establishments, sampling weights are adjusted when six panels are combined. Sampling weights are further adjusted by the ratio of employment totals (the average of November 2004 and May 2005 employment) from the BLS Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages to employment totals from the OES survey. May 2005 OES survey estimates. The May 2005 OES survey estimates are based on all data collected form establishments in the May 2005, November 2004, May 2004, November 2003, May 2003, and November 2002 semiannual samples. Reliability of the estimates. Estimates calculated from a sample survey are subject to two types of error: sampling and nonsampling. Sampling error occurs when estimates are calculated from a subset (that is, a sample) of the population instead of the full population. When a sample of the population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimate of the characteristic of interest may differ from the population value of that characteristic. Differences between the sample estimate and the population value will vary depending on the sample selected. This variability can be estimated by calculating the standard error (SE) of the sample estimate. If we were to repeat the sampling and estimation process countless times using the same survey design, approximately 90 percent of the intervals created by adding and subtracting 1.645 SEs from the sample estimate would include the population value. These intervals are called 90-percent confidence intervals. The OES survey, however, usually uses the relative standard error (RSE) of a sample estimate instead of its SE to measure sampling error. RSE is defined as the SE of a sample estimate divided by the sample estimate itself. This statistic provides the user with a measure of the relative precision of the sample estimate. RSEs are calculated for both occupational employment and mean wage rate estimates. Occupational employment RSEs are calculated using a subsample, random group replication technique called the jackknife. Mean wage rate RSEs are calculated using a variance components model that accounts for both the observed and unobserved components of the wage data. The variances of the unobserved components are estimated using wage data from the BLS National Compensation Survey. In general, estimates based on many establishments have lower RSEs than estimates based on few establishments. If the distributional assumptions of the models are violated, the resulting confidence intervals may not reflect the prescribed level of confidence. Nonsampling error occurs for a variety of reasons, none of which are directly connected to sampling. Examples of nonsampling error include: nonresponse, data incorrectly reported by the respondent, mistakes made in entering collected data into the database, and mistakes made in editing and processing the collected data. Results of significance testing. The OES significance tests in this release compare wage and employment data for the 22 major occupational groups in the Richmond, Va. Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, Va.-NC. Metropolitan Statistical Area, as well as their respective national averages. Those occupations with wages or employment shares above or below the national wage or share after testing for significance at the 90 percent confidence interval are identified in the table below. NOTE: A value that is statistically different from another does not necessarily mean that the difference has economic or practical significance. Statistical significance is concerned with our ability to make confident statements about a universe based on a sample. It is entirely possible that a large difference between two values is not significantly different statistically, while a small difference is, since both the size and heterogeneity of the sample effect the relative error of the data being tested.
Employment and wage data by occupation for the U.S. and Richmond, May 2005 | ||||||
Major occupational group | Employment Share | Mean hourly wage | ||||
(percent of total) | ||||||
U.S. | Richmond | Significant difference1 | U.S. | Richmond | Significant difference1 | |
Management | 4.6 | 3.6 | yes | $42.52 | $44.25 | yes |
Business and financial operations | 4.2 | 5.8 | yes | 27.85 | 27.60 | no |
Computer and mathematical | 2.3 | 3.0 | yes | 32.26 | 31.65 | no |
Architecture and engineering | 1.8 | 1.8 | no | 30.73 | 29.45 | yes |
Life, physical, and social science | 0.9 | 1.0 | no | 27.90 | 28.42 | no |
Community and social services | 1.3 | 1.3 | no | 18.04 | 18.01 | no |
Legal | 0.8 | 0.8 | no | 38.98 | 35.53 | no |
Education, training, and library | 6.2 | 5.6 | yes | 20.89 | 20.87 | no |
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, | ||||||
and media | 1.3 | 1.2 | no | 21.30 | 20.02 | yes |
Healthcare practitioners and technical | 5.0 | 5.0 | no | 28.45 | 27.36 | no |
Healthcare support | 2.6 | 2.2 | yes | 11.47 | 10.94 | yes |
Protective service | 2.3 | 2.7 | yes | 17.19 | 16.70 | no |
Food preparation and serving related | 8.3 | 6.9 | yes | 8.58 | 8.52 | no |
Building and grounds cleaning | ||||||
and maintenance | 3.3 | 3.4 | no | 10.55 | 9.38 | yes |
Personal care and service | 2.4 | 2.3 | no | 10.67 | 10.62 | no |
Sales and related | 10.7 | 11.6 | yes | 15.77 | 16.88 | yes |
Office and administrative support | 17.5 | 18.2 | yes | 14.28 | 14.70 | yes |
Farming, fishing, and forestry | 0.3 | 0.1 | yes | 10.10 | 13.44 | yes |
Construction and extraction | 4.9 | 6.0 | yes | 18.39 | 16.63 | yes |
Installation, maintenance, and repair | 4.1 | 4.6 | yes | 18.30 | 18.78 | no |
Production | 7.9 | 5.7 | yes | 14.37 | 15.02 | yes |
Transportation and material moving | 7.4 | 7.0 | no | 13.85 | 13.02 | yes |
1 Statistical significance testing at the 90 percent confidence interval. |
Employment and wage data by occupation for the U.S. and Virginia Beach, May 2005 | ||||||
Major occupational group | Employment Share | Mean hourly wage | ||||
(percent of total) | ||||||
U.S. | Virginia Beach | Significant difference1 | U.S. | Virginia Beach | Significant difference1 | |
Management | 4.6 | 2.9 | yes | $42.52 | $42.64 | no |
Business and financial operations | 4.2 | 4.7 | yes | 27.85 | 26.20 | yes |
Computer and mathematical | 2.3 | 2.4 | no | 32.26 | 28.74 | yes |
Architecture and engineering | 1.8 | 2.9 | yes | 30.73 | 29.68 | no |
Life, physical, and social science | 0.9 | 0.8 | yes | 27.90 | 27.23 | no |
Community and social services | 1.3 | 1.1 | yes | 18.04 | 18.87 | yes |
Legal | 0.8 | 0.5 | yes | 38.98 | 34.57 | no |
Education, training, and library | 6.2 | 6.3 | no | 20.89 | 21.15 | no |
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, | ||||||
and media | 1.3 | 1.1 | yes | 21.30 | 20.02 | yes |
Healthcare practitioners and technical | 5.0 | 4.6 | yes | 28.45 | 28.38 | no |
Healthcare support | 2.6 | 2.1 | yes | 11.47 | 10.45 | yes |
Protective service | 2.3 | 2.5 | no | 17.19 | 15.69 | yes |
Food preparation and serving related | 8.3 | 8.8 | yes | 8.58 | 8.29 | yes |
Building and grounds cleaning | ||||||
and maintenance | 3.3 | 3.8 | yes | 10.55 | 9.25 | yes |
Personal care and service | 2.4 | 2.5 | no | 10.67 | 9.46 | yes |
Sales and related | 10.7 | 12.1 | yes | 15.77 | 14.50 | yes |
Office and administrative support | 17.5 | 16.5 | yes | 14.28 | 13.49 | yes |
Farming, fishing, and forestry | 0.3 | 0.1 | yes | 10.10 | 11.63 | no |
Construction and extraction | 4.9 | 6.3 | yes | 18.39 | 16.13 | yes |
Installation, maintenance, and repair | 4.1 | 4.6 | yes | 18.30 | 17.43 | yes |
Production | 7.9 | 5.6 | yes | 14.37 | 15.28 | yes |
Transportation and material moving | 7.4 | 7.7 | no | 13.85 | 12.99 | yes |
1 Statistical significance testing at the 90 percent confidence interval. |
Employment and wage data by occupation for Richmond and Virginia Beach, May 2005 | ||||||
Major occupational group | Employment Share | Mean hourly wage | ||||
(percent of total) | ||||||
Richmond | Virginia Beach | Significant difference1 | Richmond | Virginia Beach | Significant difference1 | |
Management | 3.6 | 2.9 | yes | $44.25 | $42.64 | yes |
Business and financial operations | 5.8 | 4.7 | yes | 27.60 | 26.20 | yes |
Computer and mathematical | 3.0 | 2.4 | yes | 31.65 | 28.74 | yes |
Architecture and engineering | 1.8 | 2.9 | yes | 29.45 | 29.68 | no |
Life, physical, and social science | 1.0 | 0.8 | yes | 28.42 | 27.23 | no |
Community and social services | 1.3 | 1.1 | yes | 18.01 | 18.87 | no |
Legal | 0.8 | 0.5 | yes | 35.53 | 34.57 | no |
Education, training, and library | 5.6 | 6.3 | no | 20.87 | 21.15 | no |
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, | ||||||
and media | 1.2 | 1.1 | no | 20.02 | 20.02 | no |
Healthcare practitioners and technical | 5.0 | 4.6 | no | 27.36 | 28.38 | no |
Healthcare support | 2.2 | 2.1 | no | 10.94 | 10.45 | yes |
Protective service | 2.7 | 2.5 | no | 16.70 | 15.69 | no |
Food preparation and serving related | 6.9 | 8.8 | yes | 8.52 | 8.29 | no |
Building and grounds cleaning | ||||||
and maintenance | 3.4 | 3.8 | yes | 9.38 | 9.25 | no |
Personal care and service | 2.3 | 2.5 | no | 10.62 | 9.46 | yes |
Sales and related | 11.6 | 12.1 | yes | 16.88 | 14.50 | yes |
Office and administrative support | 18.2 | 16.5 | yes | 14.70 | 13.49 | yes |
Farming, fishing, and forestry | 0.1 | 0.1 | no | 13.44 | 11.63 | no |
Construction and extraction | 6.0 | 6.3 | no | 16.63 | 16.13 | no |
Installation, maintenance, and repair | 4.6 | 4.6 | no | 18.78 | 17.43 | yes |
Production | 5.7 | 5.6 | no | 15.02 | 15.28 | no |
Transportation and material moving | 7.0 | 7.7 | yes | 13.02 | 12.99 | no |
1 Statistical significance testing at the 90 percent confidence interval. |
Additional information: The May 2005 OES national data by occupation, comparable to data in table 1 are available on the BLS Web site at http://www.bls.gov/oes/. Users also may access each occupation's definition and percentile wages. The May 2005 cross-industry data for states and metropolitan areas are available on the BLS Web site. Industry staffing patterns at the sector, 3-, 4-, and selected 5-digit NAICS levels also are available from the Internet. These data will include industry-specific occupational employment and wage data. OES information is available through our regional web page at http://www.bls.gov/ro3/ and on our fax-on-demand system. For a catalog of items available to be faxed to you, call our fax- on-demand number at 215-597-4153. If you have additional questions, you can contact the Mid-Atlantic Information Office at 215-597-3282. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202- 691-5200; TDD message referral phone number: 1-800-877-8339. 1 The Richmond, Va. Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) referenced in this release includes Amelia, Caroline, Charles City, Chesterfield, Cumberland, Dinwiddie, Goochland, Hanover, Henrico, King and Queen, King William, Louisa, New Kent, Powhatan, Prince George, and Sussex Counties and Colonial Heights, Hopewell, Petersburg, and Richmond Cities in Virginia. For convenience, this area will be referred to as the Richmond area (or by similarly abbreviated titles) throughout this release. 2 The Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, Va.-N.C. Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) includes Gloucester, Isle of Wright, James City, Mathews, Surry, and York Counties and Chesapeake, Hampton, Newport News, Norfolk, Poquoson, Portsmouth, Suffolk, Virginia Beach, and Williamsburg Cities in Virginia; and Currituck County in North Carolina. For convenience, this area will be referred to as the Virginia Beach area (or by similarly abbreviated titles) throughout this release.
Table 3. Employment and wage data from the Occupational Employment Statistics survey, by occupation, Richmond and Virginia Beach metropolitan areas, May 2005 | ||||
Occupation | Richmond | Virginia Beach | ||
Employment(1) | Mean hourly wage | Employment(1) | Mean hourly wage | |
All occupations | 588,780 | $18.42 | 733,580 | $17.10 |
Management occupations | 21,340 | 44.25 | 21,150 | 42.64 |
Chief executives | 590 | 66.66 | 530 | 70.87 |
General and operations managers | 5,450 | 50.53 | 5,310 | 51.82 |
Legislators | 90 | (2) | 70 | (2) |
Advertising and promotions managers | 110 | 32.36 | 70 | 25.18 |
Marketing managers | 730 | 53.28 | 340 | 36.54 |
Sales managers | 1,020 | 47.42 | 1,020 | 47.42 |
Public relations managers | 200 | 41.93 | 90 | 37.26 |
Administrative services managers | 630 | 32.93 | 730 | 37.04 |
Computer and information systems managers | 1,130 | 51.38 | 1,020 | 44.02 |
Financial managers | 1,940 | 54.22 | 1,570 | 44.18 |
Compensation and benefits managers | 180 | 32.93 | 110 | 39.19 |
Training and development managers | 140 | 35.05 | 180 | 31.34 |
Human resources managers, all other | 360 | 46.89 | 250 | 44.66 |
Industrial production managers | 640 | 44.17 | 470 | 42.93 |
Purchasing managers | 360 | 36.32 | 260 | 41.93 |
Transportation, storage, and distribution managers | 300 | 35.12 | 310 | 38.14 |
Construction managers | 710 | 40.29 | 580 | 41.60 |
Education administrators, preschool and child care | ||||
center/program | 110 | 16.70 | 170 | 16.47 |
Education administrators, elementary and secondary school | 900 | (2) | 1,390 | (2) |
Education administrators, postsecondary | 520 | 42.27 | 350 | 42.69 |
Education administrators, all other | (3) | 34.57 | 220 | 33.64 |
Engineering managers | 590 | 42.13 | 1,360 | 46.31 |
Food service managers | 570 | 19.48 | 910 | 19.73 |
Funeral directors | (3) | 26.64 | - | - |
Lodging managers | 110 | 21.76 | 140 | 25.87 |
Medical and health services managers | 880 | 37.95 | 780 | 39.64 |
Natural sciences managers | 200 | 50.31 | 170 | 41.47 |
Postmasters and mail superintendents | 80 | 27.26 | 70 | 24.67 |
Property, real estate, and community association managers | 320 | 25.57 | 250 | 29.20 |
Social and community service managers | 490 | 28.74 | (3) | 33.06 |
Managers, all other | 1,580 | 39.32 | 2,050 | 38.68 |
Business and financial operations occupations | 34,370 | 27.60 | 34,770 | 26.20 |
Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products | 40 | 28.09 | (3) | 30.55 |
Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products | 570 | 26.23 | 460 | 20.45 |
Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products | 2,110 | 27.41 | 2,320 | 26.04 |
Claims adjusters, examiners, and investigators | 1,440 | 24.70 | - | - |
Insurance appraisers, auto damage | 110 | 21.55 | - | - |
Compliance officers, except agriculture, construction, | ||||
health and safety, and transportation | 1,060 | 22.84 | 900 | 21.78 |
Cost estimators | 1,120 | 27.64 | 1,990 | 23.50 |
Emergency management specialists | 60 | 29.13 | 140 | 24.24 |
Employment, recruitment, and placement specialists | 1,030 | 20.15 | 810 | 19.29 |
Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists | 460 | 23.66 | 400 | 22.79 |
Training and development specialists | 1,830 | 23.18 | 2,320 | 24.43 |
Human resources, training, and labor relations specialists, all other | 1,600 | 25.65 | 1,290 | 24.71 |
Logisticians | 290 | 37.96 | 480 | 25.61 |
Management analysts | 4,020 | 34.66 | 4,230 | 34.02 |
Meeting and convention planners | 170 | 19.15 | 180 | 20.29 |
Business operations specialists, all other | 4,210 | 26.97 | 4,530 | 28.31 |
Accountants and auditors | 5,550 | 28.16 | 6,160 | 24.39 |
Appraisers and assessors of real estate | 450 | 21.05 | 310 | 30.35 |
Budget analysts | 320 | 30.38 | 670 | 28.21 |
Credit analysts | 420 | 33.36 | 300 | 26.98 |
Financial analysts | 1,630 | 31.00 | 1,000 | 30.08 |
Personal financial advisors | 840 | 44.44 | 370 | 33.53 |
Insurance underwriters | 1,150 | 27.52 | 780 | 22.46 |
Financial examiners | 240 | 35.04 | (3) | 27.06 |
Loan counselors | 70 | 17.41 | 110 | 25.95 |
Loan officers | 1,910 | 23.27 | 2,390 | 27.59 |
Tax examiners, collectors, and revenue agents | 610 | 21.92 | 270 | 23.19 |
Tax preparers | 520 | 15.11 | (3) | 12.03 |
Financial specialists, all other | 470 | 26.30 | 690 | 25.46 |
Computer and mathematical occupations | 17,830 | 31.65 | 17,380 | 28.74 |
Computer and information scientists, research | (3) | 36.09 | 230 | 37.14 |
Computer programmers | 1,550 | 37.29 | 1,870 | 24.79 |
Computer software engineers, applications | 2,910 | 34.08 | 2,970 | 26.64 |
Computer software engineers, systems software | 1,650 | 38.04 | 1,510 | 35.62 |
Computer support specialists | 3,390 | 21.47 | 2,560 | 20.56 |
Computer systems analysts | 3,360 | 33.69 | 3,700 | 33.15 |
Database administrators | 600 | 35.51 | 530 | 29.05 |
Network and computer systems administrators | 1,680 | 31.99 | 1,700 | 27.94 |
Network systems and data communications analysts | 1,600 | 29.84 | 1,000 | 30.71 |
Computer specialists, all other | 270 | 31.38 | - | - |
Operations research analysts | - | - | 950 | 34.42 |
Statisticians | 150 | 28.26 | 100 | 24.85 |
Mathematical scientists, all other | (3) | 13.79 | - | - |
Architecture and engineering occupations | 10,530 | 29.45 | 21,380 | 29.68 |
Architects, except landscape and naval | 450 | 27.90 | 460 | 32.37 |
Landscape architects | (3) | 28.10 | 60 | 27.28 |
Cartographers and photogrammetrists | (3) | 25.99 | 90 | 28.31 |
Surveyors | 280 | 25.11 | 240 | 22.08 |
Aerospace engineers | - | - | 1,000 | 45.40 |
Agricultural engineers | - | - | (3) | 22.54 |
Chemical engineers | 370 | 39.62 | 120 | 44.70 |
Civil engineers | 1,340 | 33.15 | 2,160 | 33.35 |
Computer hardware engineers | - | - | 340 | 37.32 |
Electrical engineers | 1,090 | 32.20 | 1,270 | 35.66 |
Electronics engineers, except computer | 270 | 33.90 | 940 | 38.70 |
Environmental engineers | 400 | 31.32 | 420 | 30.27 |
Health and safety engineers, except mining safety | ||||
engineers and inspectors | 170 | 34.42 | 170 | 27.23 |
Industrial engineers | 490 | 32.69 | 780 | 29.49 |
Marine engineers and naval architects | - | - | 610 | 32.24 |
Materials engineers | 30 | 32.18 | 60 | 40.13 |
Mechanical engineers | 740 | 35.41 | 2,400 | 30.90 |
Nuclear engineers | - | - | 540 | 35.48 |
Engineers, all other | (3) | 30.57 | 890 | 38.60 |
Architectural and civil drafters | 500 | 19.40 | 720 | 18.22 |
Electrical and electronics drafters | 40 | 21.32 | 150 | 18.98 |
Mechanical drafters | 200 | 22.05 | - | - |
Drafters, all other | 80 | 15.21 | - | - |
Civil engineering technicians | 440 | 20.27 | 400 | 16.79 |
Electrical and electronic engineering technicians | 650 | 21.76 | 1,980 | 24.93 |
Environmental engineering technicians | 80 | 21.08 | 150 | 16.10 |
Industrial engineering technicians | (3) | 21.85 | 160 | 23.85 |
Mechanical engineering technicians | 200 | 24.58 | 330 | 18.68 |
Engineering technicians, except drafters, all other | (3) | 28.41 | 1,660 | 30.96 |
Surveying and mapping technicians | 350 | 14.18 | 530 | 14.78 |
Life, physical, and social science occupations | 6,170 | 28.42 | 5,730 | 27.23 |
Soil and plant scientists | 40 | 27.67 | - | - |
Biochemists and biophysicists | 30 | 32.22 | - | - |
Microbiologists | - | - | 40 | 21.52 |
Zoologists and wildlife biologists | - | - | 90 | 20.63 |
Biological scientists, all other | (3) | 28.48 | 120 | 26.79 |
Conservation scientists | (3) | 27.44 | 50 | 22.04 |
Foresters | 30 | 21.81 | - | - |
Medical scientists, except epidemiologists | 260 | 36.80 | 110 | 30.57 |
Life scientists, all other | 190 | 29.82 | 80 | 26.37 |
Physicists | (3) | 33.13 | 200 | 41.27 |
Atmospheric and space scientists | (3) | 34.34 | - | - |
Chemists | 730 | 29.91 | 210 | 27.52 |
Materials scientists | 100 | 48.02 | (3) | 34.37 |
Environmental scientists and specialists, including health | 430 | 26.69 | 510 | 26.63 |
Geoscientists, except hydrologists and geographers | 70 | 25.66 | 80 | 36.11 |
Hydrologists | - | - | (3) | 31.79 |
Physical scientists, all other | 100 | 23.71 | 140 | 44.02 |
Economists | 80 | 39.12 | - | - |
Market research analysts | 1,510 | 32.12 | 1,090 | 27.57 |
Survey researchers | - | - | (3) | 31.09 |
Clinical, counseling, and school psychologists | 470 | 29.16 | 620 | 30.31 |
Psychologists, all other | 40 | 36.16 | 30 | 37.66 |
Urban and regional planners | 220 | 24.42 | 310 | 25.60 |
Anthropologists and archeologists | - | - | 40 | 22.61 |
Historians | (3) | 29.61 | (3) | 38.91 |
Social scientists and related workers, all other | 140 | 31.53 | 400 | 33.33 |
Agricultural and food science technicians | (3) | 19.80 | - | - |
Biological technicians | (3) | 21.63 | 120 | 12.63 |
Chemical technicians | 430 | 21.99 | 80 | 18.55 |
Social science research assistants | - | - | 30 | 13.88 |
Environmental science and protection technicians, including health | 130 | 19.86 | 150 | 16.71 |
Forensic science technicians | 50 | 17.67 | 70 | 17.39 |
Life, physical, and social science technicians, all other | (3) | 18.70 | 540 | 19.94 |
Community and social services occupations | 7,750 | 18.01 | 8,250 | 18.87 |
Substance abuse and behavioral disorder counselors | 170 | 15.06 | 110 | 20.27 |
Educational, vocational, and school counselors | 810 | 24.66 | 1,250 | 25.30 |
Marriage and family therapists | 100 | 18.94 | 70 | 18.51 |
Mental health counselors | 690 | 15.97 | 410 | 22.98 |
Rehabilitation counselors | 460 | 16.06 | 960 | 11.63 |
Counselors, all other | 60 | 22.26 | - | - |
Child, family, and school social workers | 830 | 19.12 | 1,510 | 18.10 |
Medical and public health social workers | 340 | 19.97 | 550 | 18.64 |
Mental health and substance abuse social workers | 410 | 18.95 | 810 | 21.17 |
Social workers, all other | - | - | 340 | 25.11 |
Health educators | 180 | 21.73 | 250 | 20.80 |
Probation officers and correctional treatment | ||||
specialists | 730 | 17.83 | 730 | 18.66 |
Social and human service assistants | 1,390 | 12.08 | 840 | 12.35 |
Community and social service specialists, all other | 1,120 | 20.31 | 230 | 19.31 |
Clergy | 160 | 17.11 | 140 | 18.17 |
Directors, religious activities and education | 110 | 17.36 | - | - |
Legal occupations | 4,860 | 35.53 | 4,020 | 34.57 |
Lawyers | 2,410 | 52.82 | 1,860 | 54.94 |
Administrative law judges, adjudicators, and hearing officers | 100 | 30.99 | 50 | 30.72 |
Paralegals and legal assistants | 1,140 | 19.35 | 1,130 | 17.88 |
Law clerks | 90 | 20.18 | 240 | 17.36 |
Title examiners, abstractors, and searchers | (3) | 14.37 | 560 | 13.13 |
Legal support workers, all other | 280 | 21.23 | 160 | 20.70 |
Education, training, and library occupations | 32,750 | 20.87 | 46,220 | 21.15 |
Business teachers, postsecondary | (3) | (2) | 500 | (2) |
Computer science teachers, postsecondary | (3) | (2) | 190 | (2) |
Mathematical science teachers, postsecondary | 180 | (2) | 190 | (2) |
Engineering teachers, postsecondary | (3) | (2) | 270 | (2) |
Biological science teachers, postsecondary | (3) | (2) | 560 | (2) |
Chemistry teachers, postsecondary | 70 | (2) | 70 | (2) |
Physics teachers, postsecondary | (3) | (2) | 60 | (2) |
Economics teachers, postsecondary | 60 | (2) | 60 | (2) |
Political science teachers, postsecondary | (3) | (2) | 70 | (2) |
Psychology teachers, postsecondary | 110 | (2) | 150 | (2) |
Sociology teachers, postsecondary | 50 | (2) | 80 | (2) |
Social sciences teachers, postsecondary | - | - | (3) | (2) |
Health specialties teachers, postsecondary | (3) | (2) | 170 | (2) |
Nursing instructors and teachers, postsecondary | 120 | (2) | 140 | (2) |
Education teachers, postsecondary | (3) | (2) | 240 | (2) |
Criminal justice and law enforcement teachers, postsecondary | (3) | (2) | 30 | (2) |
Law teachers, postsecondary | (3) | (2) | - | - |
Social work teachers, postsecondary | - | - | (3) | (2) |
Art, drama, and music teachers, postsecondary | 190 | (2) | 310 | (2) |
Communications teachers, postsecondary | 30 | (2) | 90 | (2) |
English language and literature teachers, postsecondary | 210 | (2) | 310 | (2) |
Foreign language and literature teachers, postsecondary | 120 | (2) | 80 | (2) |
History teachers, postsecondary | 90 | (2) | 100 | (2) |
Philosophy and religion teachers, postsecondary | 90 | (2) | 100 | (2) |
Graduate teaching assistants | (3) | (2) | - | - |
Recreation and fitness studies teachers, postsecondary | 30 | (2) | 80 | (2) |
Vocational education teachers, postsecondary | 340 | 22.09 | - | - |
Postsecondary teachers, all other | 700 | (2) | (3) | (2) |
Preschool teachers, except special education | 1,690 | 13.47 | 2,600 | 9.84 |
Kindergarten teachers, except special education | 850 | (2) | 730 | (2) |
Elementary school teachers, except special education | 5,090 | (2) | 8,480 | (2) |
Middle school teachers, except special and vocational education | 2,690 | (2) | 4,460 | (2) |
Vocational education teachers, middle school | 60 | (2) | - | - |
Secondary school teachers, except special and vocational | ||||
education | 4,620 | (2) | 5,980 | (2) |
Vocational education teachers, secondary school | 370 | (2) | 460 | (2) |
Special education teachers, preschool, kindergarten, and | ||||
elementary school | 820 | (2) | 1,550 | (2) |
Special education teachers, middle school | 600 | (2) | 800 | (2) |
Special education teachers, secondary school | 510 | (2) | 1,010 | (2) |
Adult literacy, remedial education, and GED teachers | ||||
and instructors | 600 | 20.04 | 190 | 22.68 |
Self-enrichment education teachers | 1,130 | 16.32 | 550 | 17.08 |
Teachers and instructors, all other | 2,390 | (2) | 3,740 | (2) |
Archivists | - | - | (3) | 20.09 |
Curators | 60 | 23.45 | 90 | 24.05 |
Museum technicians and conservators | 60 | 14.33 | 80 | 17.46 |
Librarians | 760 | 24.30 | 990 | 25.28 |
Library technicians | 350 | 12.13 | 760 | 13.55 |
Audio-visual collections specialists | - | - | 50 | 17.66 |
Farm and home management advisors | 60 | 22.13 | - | - |
Instructional coordinators | 480 | 27.82 | 1,080 | 27.30 |
Teacher assistants | 4,350 | (2) | 5,930 | (2) |
Education, training, and library workers, all other | 80 | 21.11 | - | - |
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations | 7,090 | 20.02 | 8,350 | 20.02 |
Art directors | 160 | 31.86 | 90 | 28.63 |
Fine artists, including painters, sculptors, and illustrators | 60 | 18.20 | (3) | 24.56 |
Multi-media artists and animators | 180 | 22.29 | 130 | 22.34 |
Commercial and industrial designers | 110 | 25.53 | 60 | 18.27 |
Floral designers | 250 | 12.13 | 380 | 11.26 |
Graphic designers | 1,000 | 20.54 | 790 | 17.31 |
Interior designers | 210 | 21.60 | 140 | 19.50 |
Merchandise displayers and window trimmers | 220 | 11.72 | 160 | 9.46 |
Actors | (3) | 16.81 | - | - |
Set and exhibit designers | - | - | (3) | 19.16 |
Producers and directors | 170 | 23.11 | 560 | (3) |
Athletes and sports competitors | 120 | (2) | - | - |
Coaches and scouts | 900 | (2) | 730 | (2) |
Choreographers | - | - | (3) | 17.04 |
Music directors and composers | - | - | 50 | 21.95 |
Musicians and singers | - | - | 170 | 19.26 |
Radio and television announcers | 150 | 16.56 | 220 | 17.96 |
Public address system and other announcers | - | - | (3) | 11.50 |
Broadcast news analysts | 110 | 24.71 | (3) | 29.15 |
Reporters and correspondents | (3) | 16.24 | 180 | 19.23 |
Public relations specialists | 920 | 24.71 | 1,150 | 23.76 |
Editors | 410 | 19.03 | 370 | 20.98 |
Technical writers | 210 | 28.09 | 340 | 24.89 |
Writers and authors | 230 | 26.34 | 250 | 22.69 |
Interpreters and translators | 70 | 18.55 | 170 | 21.10 |
Media and communication workers, all other | 30 | 19.70 | 50 | 23.62 |
Audio and video equipment technicians | 160 | 15.62 | 300 | 16.72 |
Broadcast technicians | (3) | 12.76 | 250 | 20.37 |
Sound engineering technicians | (3) | 27.47 | - | - |
Photographers | 200 | 20.46 | 440 | 11.27 |
Camera operators, television, video, and motion picture | 50 | 17.95 | 110 | 24.32 |
Film and video editors | (3) | 11.16 | - | - |
Media and communication equipment workers, all other | (3) | 32.68 | 120 | 30.48 |
Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations | 29,290 | 27.36 | 33,880 | 28.38 |
Chiropractors | 120 | 32.19 | 120 | 24.62 |
Dentists, general | 430 | 59.67 | (3) | 76.13 |
Oral and maxillofacial surgeons | - | - | (3) | 93.95 |
Orthodontists | - | - | (3) | (4) |
Dietitians and nutritionists | 160 | 21.65 | 140 | 20.43 |
Optometrists | 80 | 63.26 | 130 | 40.70 |
Pharmacists | 950 | 41.24 | 1,130 | 44.27 |
Family and general practitioners | - | - | 410 | 62.52 |
Internists, general | (3) | 78.00 | 170 | 88.45 |
Obstetricians and gynecologists | (3) | 90.48 | - | - |
Pediatricians, general | (3) | 75.76 | (3) | 76.57 |
Psychiatrists | - | - | 100 | 54.06 |
Surgeons | (3) | 92.92 | 420 | (4) |
Physicians and surgeons, all other | - | - | 1,480 | 55.35 |
Physician assistants | 200 | 31.46 | 200 | 34.51 |
Podiatrists | - | - | 40 | 69.00 |
Registered nurses | 10,390 | 26.25 | 11,530 | 24.98 |
Audiologists | - | - | (3) | 23.93 |
Occupational therapists | 350 | 29.67 | 300 | 30.23 |
Physical therapists | 610 | 34.48 | 520 | 31.74 |
Radiation therapists | 160 | 26.17 | 100 | 28.27 |
Recreational therapists | 330 | 15.76 | 90 | 15.45 |
Respiratory therapists | 370 | 21.95 | 410 | 22.59 |
Speech-language pathologists | 380 | 27.01 | 450 | 29.32 |
Veterinarians | 240 | 43.16 | 330 | 29.33 |
Health diagnosing and treating practitioners, all other | 40 | 38.43 | 40 | 31.59 |
Medical and clinical laboratory technologists | 840 | 20.98 | 1,280 | 21.65 |
Medical and clinical laboratory technicians | 580 | 14.82 | 610 | 14.96 |
Dental hygienists | 570 | 34.48 | 420 | 29.49 |
Cardiovascular technologists and technicians | 150 | 18.01 | 640 | 19.31 |
Diagnostic medical sonographers | 140 | 26.97 | 210 | 25.07 |
Nuclear medicine technologists | 60 | 25.99 | 130 | 25.82 |
Radiologic technologists and technicians | 840 | 21.03 | 1,050 | 21.38 |
Emergency medical technicians and paramedics | 570 | 12.55 | 490 | 13.76 |
Dietetic technicians | 140 | 9.69 | 70 | 12.77 |
Pharmacy technicians | 980 | 11.29 | 1,190 | 11.26 |
Psychiatric technicians | - | - | 950 | 11.32 |
Respiratory therapy technicians | - | - | 170 | 20.34 |
Surgical technologists | 460 | 16.23 | 490 | 17.12 |
Veterinary technologists and technicians | (3) | 16.32 | 310 | 13.18 |
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses | 3,840 | 17.20 | 4,120 | 16.17 |
Medical records and health information technicians | 390 | 13.79 | 930 | 13.66 |
Opticians, dispensing | 90 | 16.47 | 150 | 14.44 |
Orthotists and prosthetists | - | - | (3) | 28.94 |
Health technologists and technicians, all other | 190 | 17.99 | 160 | 18.08 |
Occupational health and safety specialists | 300 | 26.42 | 350 | 24.63 |
Occupational health and safety technicians | - | - | 40 | 19.00 |
Athletic trainers | 40 | (2) | 90 | (2) |
Healthcare practitioners and technical workers, all other | 410 | 23.46 | 120 | 15.80 |
Healthcare support occupations | 13,240 | 10.94 | 15,590 | 10.45 |
Home health aides | 3,320 | 8.61 | 1,840 | 8.35 |
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants | 4,930 | 10.53 | 6,510 | 9.43 |
Occupational therapist assistants | 110 | 19.06 | 110 | 19.51 |
Occupational therapist aides | 70 | 12.40 | - | - |
Physical therapist assistants | 240 | 19.96 | 230 | 18.70 |
Physical therapist aides | 300 | 11.04 | 160 | 9.40 |
Massage therapists | 90 | 17.09 | 30 | 21.47 |
Dental assistants | 900 | 14.75 | 2,000 | 12.64 |
Medical assistants | 1,140 | 12.15 | 1,970 | 10.74 |
Medical equipment preparers | 230 | 11.27 | 530 | 10.50 |
Medical transcriptionists | 440 | 12.55 | 400 | 13.11 |
Pharmacy aides | 170 | 8.42 | 230 | 9.92 |
Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers | 440 | 9.48 | 510 | 9.61 |
Healthcare support workers, all other | (3) | 14.36 | (3) | 12.35 |
Protective service occupations | 15,830 | 16.70 | 18,210 | 15.69 |
First-line supervisors/managers of correctional officers | 600 | 20.89 | 320 | 21.54 |
First-line supervisors/managers of police and detectives | 580 | 29.74 | 570 | 30.63 |
First-line supervisors/managers of fire fighting and | ||||
prevention workers | 350 | 29.78 | 610 | 26.43 |
First-line supervisors/managers, protective service | ||||
workers, all other | 250 | 24.87 | 410 | 20.75 |
Fire fighters | 1,330 | 18.66 | 2,380 | 17.11 |
Bailiffs | 40 | 15.46 | - | - |
Correctional officers and jailers | 3,080 | 15.43 | 1,590 | 14.26 |
Detectives and criminal investigators | 300 | 27.32 | 310 | 28.82 |
Police and sheriff's patrol officers | 2,590 | 19.16 | 4,220 | 18.85 |
Animal control workers | 90 | 15.11 | 110 | 14.61 |
Security guards | 5,540 | 13.00 | 5,130 | 10.43 |
Crossing guards | 70 | 12.14 | 270 | 9.13 |
Lifeguards, ski patrol, and other recreational protective service | ||||
workers | 550 | 9.64 | 1,150 | 7.71 |
Protective service workers, all other | 270 | 15.82 | 940 | 15.91 |
Food preparation and serving related occupations | 40,730 | 8.52 | 64,490 | 8.29 |
Chefs and head cooks | 550 | 15.32 | 450 | 15.34 |
First-line supervisors/managers of food preparation and | ||||
serving workers | 2,770 | 14.33 | 5,090 | 13.52 |
Cooks, fast food | 2,290 | 7.38 | 4,350 | 6.71 |
Cooks, institution and cafeteria | 890 | 10.32 | 1,250 | 11.85 |
Cooks, restaurant | 2,970 | 9.53 | 5,140 | 9.11 |
Cooks, short order | 410 | 8.51 | 910 | 7.57 |
Cooks, all other | - | - | (3) | 15.47 |
Food preparation workers | 2,660 | 8.78 | 3,640 | 8.13 |
Bartenders | 930 | 9.19 | 1,490 | 9.35 |
Combined food preparation and serving workers, including | ||||
fast food | 10,240 | 7.55 | 17,010 | 7.53 |
Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, and coffee shop | 1,170 | 7.02 | 1,940 | 7.16 |
Waiters and waitresses | 9,070 | 7.96 | 13,930 | 7.80 |
Food servers, nonrestaurant | 760 | 8.83 | 1,040 | 8.24 |
Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers | 2,450 | 7.72 | 3,040 | 6.51 |
Dishwashers | 1,850 | 7.34 | 2,760 | 7.44 |
Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop | 1,660 | 6.97 | 2,200 | 7.10 |
Food preparation and serving related workers, all other | 50 | 9.09 | 200 | 8.22 |
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations | 19,840 | 9.38 | 27,890 | 9.25 |
First-line supervisors/managers of housekeeping and | ||||
janitorial workers | 900 | 13.22 | 1,130 | 15.67 |
First-line supervisors/managers of landscaping, lawn | ||||
service, and groundskeeping workers | 380 | 19.37 | 560 | 23.14 |
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners | 10,200 | 8.48 | 12,280 | 8.55 |
Maids and housekeeping cleaners | 3,940 | 8.23 | 7,420 | 7.52 |
Pest control workers | 290 | 15.28 | 450 | 12.82 |
Landscaping and groundskeeping workers | 4,050 | 10.49 | 5,540 | 9.76 |
Pesticide handlers, sprayers, and applicators, vegetation | - | - | 220 | 11.74 |
Tree trimmers and pruners | - | - | 140 | 16.83 |
Grounds maintenance workers, all other | (3) | 10.63 | (3) | 12.05 |
Personal care and service occupations | 13,590 | 10.62 | 18,190 | 9.46 |
First-line supervisors/managers of personal service workers | 770 | 16.34 | 770 | 17.42 |
Animal trainers | (3) | 11.55 | - | - |
Nonfarm animal caretakers | (3) | 15.72 | 570 | 8.80 |
Gaming and sports book writers and runners | - | - | (3) | 8.89 |
Motion picture projectionists | - | - | 50 | 8.60 |
Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers | 320 | 6.62 | 890 | 6.96 |
Amusement and recreation attendants | 1,000 | 8.03 | 1,830 | 7.17 |
Locker room, coatroom, and dressing room attendants | (3) | 9.14 | 110 | 7.60 |
Embalmers | 120 | 25.91 | 110 | 21.61 |
Funeral attendants | 110 | 11.51 | 300 | 10.78 |
Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists | 1,460 | 12.39 | 3,210 | 9.54 |
Manicurists and pedicurists | 330 | 9.26 | 170 | 9.52 |
Shampooers | 100 | 6.99 | 250 | 6.94 |
Skin care specialists | 140 | 12.71 | 40 | 11.72 |
Baggage porters and bellhops | (3) | 10.89 | 250 | 12.02 |
Concierges | - | - | 90 | 9.01 |
Tour guides and escorts | 310 | 8.58 | 80 | 12.12 |
Transportation attendants, except flight attendants and | ||||
baggage porters | - | - | (3) | 12.09 |
Child care workers | 2,340 | 7.86 | 3,350 | 7.42 |
Personal and home care aides | 1,360 | 8.01 | 1,810 | 7.45 |
Fitness trainers and aerobics instructors | 1,200 | 13.41 | 1,390 | 14.74 |
Recreation workers | 1,900 | 11.31 | 2,040 | 10.69 |
Residential advisors | 280 | 14.16 | 70 | 9.04 |
Personal care and service workers, all other | (3) | 9.31 | (3) | 8.13 |
Sales and related occupations | 68,580 | 16.88 | 89,030 | 14.50 |
First-line supervisors/managers of retail sales workers | 5,030 | 18.33 | 6,220 | 18.65 |
First-line supervisors/managers of non-retail sales workers | 1,500 | 39.09 | 1,340 | 37.70 |
Cashiers | 16,930 | 8.01 | 22,540 | 7.41 |
Counter and rental clerks | 2,460 | 12.28 | 3,740 | 9.46 |
Parts salespersons | 1,090 | 13.48 | (3) | 12.36 |
Retail salespersons | 19,990 | 11.06 | 27,500 | 10.14 |
Advertising sales agents | 580 | 26.89 | 730 | 24.82 |
Insurance sales agents | 2,140 | 26.89 | 1,640 | 24.19 |
Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents | 1,930 | 45.14 | 740 | 47.07 |
Travel agents | 250 | 14.56 | 820 | 15.79 |
Sales representatives, services, all other | 3,140 | 28.83 | 3,980 | 26.63 |
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, | ||||
technical and scientific products | 2,680 | 31.59 | 720 | 33.07 |
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, | ||||
except technical and scientific products | 6,330 | 28.54 | 7,990 | 25.48 |
Demonstrators and product promoters | 190 | 11.00 | 270 | 9.89 |
Real estate brokers | (3) | 27.67 | 200 | 49.97 |
Real estate sales agents | 1,700 | 19.83 | 3,720 | 29.86 |
Sales engineers | 270 | 34.12 | 90 | 31.42 |
Telemarketers | - | - | 4,330 | 9.62 |
Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, | ||||
and related workers | - | - | (3) | 9.46 |
Sales and related workers, all other | 490 | 19.31 | 560 | 23.42 |
Office and administrative support occupations | 106,950 | 14.70 | 120,690 | 13.49 |
First-line supervisors/managers of office and | ||||
administrative support workers | 6,070 | 23.98 | 6,370 | 22.04 |
Switchboard operators, including answering service | 660 | 10.43 | 1,140 | 9.60 |
Communications equipment operators, all other | - | - | 80 | 17.28 |
Bill and account collectors | 2,950 | 14.32 | 3,980 | 11.49 |
Billing and posting clerks and machine operators | 2,060 | 14.14 | 2,590 | 12.86 |
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks | 8,560 | 15.23 | 8,430 | 13.70 |
Payroll and timekeeping clerks | 800 | 15.47 | 1,010 | 14.55 |
Procurement clerks | 640 | 17.19 | 730 | 15.58 |
Tellers | 2,190 | 11.03 | 3,340 | 10.33 |
Brokerage clerks | 340 | 16.41 | (3) | 14.42 |
Correspondence clerks | 60 | 18.48 | - | - |
Court, municipal, and license clerks | 220 | 14.56 | 470 | 13.43 |
Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks | - | - | 380 | 12.59 |
Customer service representatives | 13,100 | 14.47 | 10,330 | 13.08 |
Eligibility interviewers, government programs | 550 | 16.51 | 600 | 16.80 |
File clerks | 830 | 10.96 | 970 | 10.49 |
Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks | 1,060 | 8.54 | 1,870 | 8.51 |
Interviewers, except eligibility and loan | 700 | 12.65 | 1,130 | 11.51 |
Library assistants, clerical | 300 | 12.31 | 560 | 10.68 |
Loan interviewers and clerks | 1,290 | 15.71 | (3) | 15.35 |
New accounts clerks | 380 | 13.88 | 580 | 12.38 |
Order clerks | 1,290 | 15.53 | 1,800 | 11.32 |
Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping | 790 | 16.61 | 1,110 | 14.08 |
Receptionists and information clerks | 4,830 | 10.53 | 5,280 | 9.57 |
Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks | 320 | 16.11 | 690 | 15.95 |
All other information and record clerks | 1,850 | 21.17 | 2,590 | 21.98 |
Cargo and freight agents | 80 | 22.68 | 520 | 18.41 |
Couriers and messengers | 400 | 11.61 | 710 | 10.11 |
Police, fire, and ambulance dispatchers | 440 | 15.42 | 440 | 14.07 |
Dispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance | 600 | 16.41 | 930 | 13.98 |
Meter readers, utilities | 130 | 14.75 | 250 | 14.85 |
Postal service clerks | 320 | 22.51 | 270 | 23.10 |
Postal service mail carriers | 1,330 | 20.76 | 1,560 | 21.99 |
Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing | ||||
machine operators | 1,150 | 20.66 | 760 | 21.01 |
Production, planning, and expediting clerks | 1,200 | 20.64 | 3,540 | 20.38 |
Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks | 3,920 | 13.40 | 4,050 | 12.34 |
Stock clerks and order fillers | 7,850 | 11.23 | 9,700 | 10.27 |
Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping | 490 | 12.85 | 380 | 12.89 |
Executive secretaries and administrative assistants | 4,000 | 17.95 | 3,360 | 16.90 |
Legal secretaries | 1,080 | 19.17 | 380 | 16.60 |
Medical secretaries | 910 | 12.65 | 1,050 | 13.76 |
Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive | 3,120 | 14.78 | 5,100 | 14.29 |
Computer operators | 670 | 17.09 | 500 | 15.87 |
Data entry keyers | 2,030 | 10.61 | 1,070 | 10.93 |
Word processors and typists | 510 | 11.88 | 450 | 12.71 |
Desktop publishers | 180 | 16.87 | (3) | 14.72 |
Insurance claims and policy processing clerks | 1,390 | 15.74 | - | - |
Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except | ||||
postal service | 1,060 | 11.80 | 1,180 | 11.70 |
Office clerks, general | 19,390 | 13.12 | 23,900 | 11.60 |
Office machine operators, except computer | 680 | 11.62 | 510 | 10.81 |
Proofreaders and copy markers | - | - | 60 | 11.95 |
Office and administrative support workers, all other | 1,380 | 14.42 | 1,210 | 14.46 |
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations | 510 | 13.44 | 570 | 11.63 |
First-line supervisors/managers of farming, fishing, and | ||||
forestry workers | 70 | 21.88 | 40 | 21.88 |
Agricultural inspectors | - | - | 40 | 14.52 |
Farmworkers and laborers, crop, nursery, and greenhouse | 90 | 8.35 | (3) | 9.31 |
Farmworkers, farm and ranch animals | 70 | 9.76 | 150 | 9.11 |
Fallers | 90 | 12.53 | - | - |
Logging equipment operators | 130 | 13.87 | - | - |
Construction and extraction occupations | 35,600 | 16.63 | 46,030 | 16.13 |
First-line supervisors/managers of construction trades | ||||
and extraction workers | 4,070 | 28.76 | 4,270 | 26.73 |
Boilermakers | 40 | 18.32 | 220 | 17.13 |
Brickmasons and blockmasons | 940 | 18.45 | 1,300 | 18.61 |
Carpenters | 4,710 | 16.65 | 5,450 | 16.73 |
Carpet installers | 130 | 20.62 | (3) | 13.00 |
Floor layers, except carpet, wood and hard tiles | - | - | (3) | 13.85 |
Floor sanders and finishers | 30 | 14.02 | - | - |
Tile and marble setters | (3) | 14.26 | 90 | 15.04 |
Cement masons and concrete finishers | 590 | 14.53 | 1,830 | 14.64 |
Construction laborers | 3,810 | 10.50 | 5,660 | 10.42 |
Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators | 360 | 13.18 | 440 | 12.81 |
Pile-driver operators | - | - | 70 | 19.08 |
Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators | 2,070 | 16.21 | 2,980 | 14.45 |
Drywall and ceiling tile installers | 710 | 13.91 | 550 | 15.57 |
Tapers | 30 | 14.93 | (3) | 15.51 |
Electricians | 3,160 | 20.58 | 4,970 | 17.86 |
Glaziers | 220 | 16.04 | 170 | 14.55 |
Insulation workers, floor, ceiling, and wall | 410 | 13.56 | 450 | 16.46 |
Painters, construction and maintenance | 1,610 | 13.93 | 2,000 | 13.94 |
Pipelayers | 190 | 16.84 | 300 | 12.45 |
Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters | 2,570 | 17.05 | 4,890 | 17.97 |
Plasterers and stucco masons | (3) | 14.31 | (3) | 15.15 |
Reinforcing iron and rebar workers | 140 | 20.31 | (3) | 18.64 |
Roofers | 560 | 14.52 | 990 | 13.79 |
Sheet metal workers | 750 | 15.29 | 1,900 | 15.90 |
Structural iron and steel workers | 680 | 17.82 | 250 | 17.93 |
Helpers--brickmasons, blockmasons, stonemasons, and tile | ||||
and marble setters | 1,010 | 10.79 | 710 | 11.09 |
Helpers--carpenters | 1,500 | 10.65 | 720 | 10.99 |
Helpers--electricians | 1,240 | 11.68 | 730 | 9.58 |
Helpers--painters, paperhangers, plasterers, and stucco masons | 220 | 8.25 | 120 | 9.69 |
Helpers--pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters | 710 | 10.66 | 950 | 11.40 |
Helpers--roofers | 180 | 10.49 | 140 | 9.44 |
Helpers, construction trades, all other | 240 | 11.54 | 570 | 10.53 |
Construction and building inspectors | 460 | 21.08 | 710 | 20.35 |
Elevator installers and repairers | 110 | 32.43 | (3) | 22.69 |
Fence erectors | 140 | 15.40 | - | - |
Hazardous materials removal workers | 280 | 13.94 | 430 | 14.16 |
Highway maintenance workers | 710 | 13.42 | 250 | 14.43 |
Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners | - | - | (3) | 15.03 |
Construction and related workers, all other | (3) | 13.14 | 330 | 16.85 |
Earth drillers, except oil and gas | 40 | 14.38 | 140 | 18.25 |
Continuous mining machine operators | (3) | 16.01 | - | - |
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations | 26,830 | 18.78 | 34,020 | 17.43 |
First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics, | ||||
installers, and repairers | 2,280 | 28.01 | 2,730 | 27.07 |
Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers | 630 | 19.12 | 1,410 | 17.36 |
Radio mechanics | 30 | 15.93 | 210 | 21.16 |
Telecommunications equipment installers and repairers, | ||||
except line installers | - | - | 630 | 21.59 |
Avionics technicians | 50 | 22.46 | 150 | 19.07 |
Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers | 160 | 17.99 | 130 | 18.99 |
Electrical and electronics repairers, commercial and | ||||
industrial equipment | 420 | 25.03 | 790 | 20.94 |
Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles | (3) | 15.05 | 110 | 14.11 |
Electronic home entertainment equipment installers and repairers | (3) | 12.78 | (3) | 15.76 |
Security and fire alarm systems installers | 570 | 17.37 | 230 | 15.81 |
Aircraft mechanics and service technicians | 190 | 22.01 | 360 | 20.67 |
Automotive body and related repairers | 830 | 20.01 | 760 | 20.67 |
Automotive glass installers and repairers | 80 | 14.92 | (3) | 14.73 |
Automotive service technicians and mechanics | 4,110 | 18.87 | 4,480 | 16.73 |
Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists | 1,410 | 17.67 | 1,040 | 16.99 |
Farm equipment mechanics | 50 | 14.12 | 70 | 15.22 |
Mobile heavy equipment mechanics, except engines | 860 | 17.69 | 670 | 18.38 |
Motorboat mechanics | (3) | 16.81 | (3) | 15.91 |
Motorcycle mechanics | (3) | 13.37 | (3) | 12.23 |
Outdoor power equipment and other small engine mechanics | 50 | 12.08 | 30 | 14.67 |
Recreational vehicle service technicians | - | - | (3) | 13.29 |
Tire repairers and changers | 450 | 11.08 | 530 | 9.95 |
Mechanical door repairers | - | - | (3) | 14.43 |
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics | ||||
and installers | 1,450 | 18.53 | 2,290 | 15.31 |
Home appliance repairers | - | - | (3) | 10.04 |
Industrial machinery mechanics | 1,270 | 23.62 | 1,260 | 18.50 |
Maintenance and repair workers, general | 5,570 | 15.35 | 6,880 | 14.46 |
Maintenance workers, machinery | 770 | 21.89 | 310 | 15.09 |
Millwrights | 420 | 18.18 | 310 | 25.30 |
Electrical power-line installers and repairers | 390 | 24.02 | 480 | 19.31 |
Telecommunications line installers and repairers | 970 | 17.18 | 930 | 21.20 |
Camera and photographic equipment repairers | - | - | (3) | 14.89 |
Medical equipment repairers | 150 | 19.30 | 80 | 26.22 |
Watch repairers | - | - | (3) | 15.38 |
Precision instrument and equipment repairers, all other | 90 | 24.23 | 200 | 16.98 |
Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers | 180 | 12.87 | 200 | 15.13 |
Commercial divers | - | - | (3) | 23.78 |
Locksmiths and safe repairers | 90 | 14.13 | 180 | 15.36 |
Manufactered building and mobile home installers | - | - | (3) | 11.09 |
Riggers | - | - | 880 | 17.75 |
Helpers--installation, maintenance, and repair workers | 970 | 11.43 | 850 | 9.91 |
Installation, maintenance, and repair workers, all other | 560 | 15.65 | 1,280 | 15.21 |
Production occupations | 33,770 | 15.02 | 41,350 | 15.28 |
First-line supervisors/managers of production and | ||||
operating workers | 2,230 | 27.36 | 3,120 | 25.80 |
Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers | 150 | 14.15 | - | - |
Electromechanical equipment assemblers | 110 | 13.09 | 220 | 11.83 |
Structural metal fabricators and fitters | 270 | 14.54 | 670 | 16.12 |
Fiberglass laminators and fabricators | (3) | 11.68 | - | - |
Team assemblers | 1,930 | 12.29 | 2,360 | 12.68 |
Assemblers and fabricators, all other | (3) | 10.92 | - | - |
Bakers | 110 | 11.92 | 260 | 10.17 |
Butchers and meat cutters | 210 | 13.17 | 440 | 13.91 |
Meat, poultry, and fish cutters and trimmers | (3) | 14.31 | - | - |
Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying | ||||
machine operators and tenders | (3) | 11.07 | - | - |
Food batchmakers | 250 | 13.84 | 70 | 9.88 |
Food cooking machine operators and tenders | - | - | 200 | 11.02 |
Computer-controlled machine tool operators, metal and plastic | 290 | 16.18 | 140 | 17.46 |
Numerical tool and process control programmers | 90 | 27.46 | 30 | 20.17 |
Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and | ||||
tenders, metal and plastic | 160 | 16.17 | 150 | 14.63 |
Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal | ||||
and plastic | (3) | 13.39 | - | - |
Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal | ||||
and plastic | 320 | 15.72 | (3) | 10.33 |
Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators | ||||
and tenders, metal and plastic | 1,080 | 12.60 | 740 | 12.92 |
Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators, and | ||||
tenders, metal and plastic | - | - | (3) | 14.26 |
Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool | ||||
setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic | 40 | 14.63 | 130 | 16.65 |
Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, | ||||
and tenders, metal and plastic | 30 | 15.45 | - | - |
Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and | ||||
tenders, metal and plastic | - | - | 30 | 15.91 |
Machinists | 960 | 17.40 | 2,790 | 16.82 |
Patternmakers, metal and plastic | - | - | 40 | 17.44 |
Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters, | ||||
operators, and tenders, metal and plastic | 210 | 13.28 | 400 | 12.18 |
Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, | ||||
metal and plastic | 90 | 13.26 | 520 | 13.60 |
Tool and die makers | 110 | 18.65 | 210 | 22.58 |
Welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers | 880 | 16.19 | 2,880 | 17.84 |
Welding, soldering, and brazing machine setters, | ||||
operators, and tenders | (3) | 14.75 | 390 | 16.71 |
Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders, | ||||
metal and plastic | 50 | 12.39 | 50 | 14.25 |
Lay-out workers, metal and plastic | - | - | 220 | 16.20 |
Plating and coating machine setters, operators, and | ||||
tenders, metal and plastic | 130 | 14.91 | 100 | 13.94 |
Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners | - | - | (3) | 10.47 |
Metal workers and plastic workers, all other | 180 | 18.66 | 190 | 17.13 |
Bindery workers | 370 | 11.88 | 180 | 11.51 |
Job printers | 190 | 23.43 | 40 | 15.86 |
Prepress technicians and workers | 400 | 17.10 | 150 | 15.55 |
Printing machine operators | 760 | 15.28 | 1,020 | 12.78 |
Laundry and dry-cleaning workers | 1,100 | 8.10 | 1,250 | 7.93 |
Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials | 460 | 8.19 | 390 | 8.53 |
Sewing machine operators | 530 | 9.37 | 560 | 8.84 |
Shoe and leather workers and repairers | (3) | 9.18 | - | - |
Sewers, hand | - | - | 40 | 9.17 |
Tailors, dressmakers, and custom sewers | 190 | 11.83 | 310 | 9.58 |
Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders | (3) | 10.51 | 60 | 9.34 |
Upholsterers | (3) | 9.67 | 130 | 14.37 |
Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all other | 60 | 12.35 | (3) | 14.90 |
Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters | 290 | 11.61 | 490 | 14.76 |
Furniture finishers | 140 | 10.92 | 110 | 13.32 |
Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood | 350 | 11.71 | 210 | 10.53 |
Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, | ||||
except sawing | 370 | 11.52 | 320 | 10.43 |
Power distibutors and dispatchers | - | - | 100 | 25.37 |
Power plant operators | 190 | 23.46 | 130 | 19.44 |
Stationary engineers and boiler operators | 130 | 15.96 | 200 | 19.39 |
Water and liquid waste treatment plant and | ||||
system operators | 580 | 17.00 | 500 | 18.61 |
Chemical plant and system operators | (3) | 24.05 | - | - |
Gas plant operators | 40 | 28.86 | ||
Petroleum pump system operators, refinery operators, | ||||
and gaugers | - | - | 30 | 19.23 |
Plant and system operators, all other | 50 | 17.90 | 50 | 20.37 |
Chemical equipment operators and tenders | 80 | 21.86 | 90 | 19.67 |
Separating, filtering, clarifying, precipitating, and | ||||
still machine setters, operators, and tenders | 480 | 19.28 | - | - |
Crushing, grinding, and polishing machine setters, | ||||
operators, and tenders | 240 | 13.19 | 220 | 15.40 |
Grinding and polishing workers, hand | - | - | 250 | 15.72 |
Mixing and blending machine setters, operators, and | ||||
tenders | 660 | 18.93 | 250 | 16.11 |
Cutters and trimmers, hand | 50 | 9.37 | 130 | 16.25 |
Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and | ||||
tenders | 570 | 15.56 | 170 | 14.79 |
Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine | ||||
setters, operators, and tenders | - | - | 290 | 12.38 |
Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators | ||||
and tenders | 50 | 11.36 | (3) | 13.82 |
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers | 1,930 | 17.17 | 2,350 | 18.03 |
Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers | 40 | 16.85 | 30 | 15.42 |
Dental laboratory technicians | 150 | 15.37 | 230 | 21.36 |
Medical appliance technicians | (3) | 21.91 | (3) | 17.52 |
Ophthalmic laboratory technicians | 60 | 13.23 | 50 | 15.08 |
Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders | 2,480 | 10.16 | 1,600 | 14.04 |
Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters, | ||||
operators, and tenders | 350 | 12.57 | 730 | 15.41 |
Painters, transportation equipment | 160 | 18.48 | 860 | 16.72 |
Painting, coating, and decorating workers | 160 | 11.64 | 110 | 11.34 |
Photographic process workers | 140 | 11.52 | - | - |
Photographic processing machine operators | 170 | 9.93 | 480 | 9.43 |
Cementing and gluing machine operators and tenders | 50 | 14.65 | - | - |
Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling equipment | ||||
operators and tenders | - | - | 120 | 13.31 |
Etchers and engravers | - | - | (3) | 17.03 |
Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic | (3) | 15.16 | 400 | 9.42 |
Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders | 580 | 13.50 | - | - |
Helpers--production workers | 1,680 | 10.91 | 1,920 | 9.88 |
Production workers, all other | 1,330 | 11.33 | 1,630 | 14.96 |
Transportation and material moving occupations | 41,300 | 13.02 | 56,390 | 12.99 |
First-line supervisors/managers of helpers, laborers, | ||||
and material movers, hand | 830 | 21.40 | 800 | 22.16 |
First-line supervisors/managers of transportation and | ||||
material-moving machine and vehicle operators | 980 | 24.66 | 1,230 | 23.85 |
Airline pilots, copilots, and flight engineers | (3) | (2) | 30 | (2) |
Commercial pilots | 60 | (2) | 50 | (2) |
Air traffic controllers | - | - | 80 | 45.37 |
Bus drivers, transit and intercity | 770 | 14.60 | 1,000 | 11.00 |
Bus drivers, school | 2,660 | 11.78 | 3,340 | 11.47 |
Driver/sales workers | 1,760 | 11.44 | 3,210 | 10.55 |
Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer | 6,650 | 17.51 | 6,330 | 15.36 |
Truck drivers, light or delivery services | 4,710 | 11.31 | 5,140 | 10.04 |
Taxi drivers and chauffeurs | 500 | 10.04 | 690 | 9.03 |
Motor vehicle operators, all other | 110 | 12.90 | 410 | 12.15 |
Rail yard engineers, dinkey operators, and hostlers | - | - | (3) | 13.00 |
Sailors and marine oilers | - | - | 2,370 | 17.77 |
Captains, mates, and pilots of water vessels | - | - | 1,330 | 29.13 |
Ship engineers | - | - | 1,480 | 28.72 |
Parking lot attendants | 710 | 8.11 | 840 | 8.00 |
Service station attendants | 340 | 9.69 | 670 | 8.76 |
Transportation inspectors | 50 | 32.01 | - | - |
Transportation workers, all other | - | - | 370 | 11.47 |
Conveyor operators and tenders | 210 | 13.30 | 350 | 12.60 |
Crane and tower operators | 270 | 16.34 | 480 | 19.03 |
Excavating and loading machine and dragline operators | 180 | 13.97 | 350 | 14.45 |
Hoist and winch operators | - | - | 30 | 16.09 |
Industrial truck and tractor operators | 3,280 | 12.95 | 4,390 | 13.46 |
Cleaners of vehicles and equipment | 1,470 | 9.41 | 2,200 | 10.02 |
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand | 10,350 | 11.54 | 13,480 | 9.94 |
Machine feeders and offbearers | 630 | 10.66 | 500 | 11.16 |
Packers and packagers, hand | 3,510 | 8.45 | 3,820 | 8.54 |
Refuse and recyclable material collectors | 640 | 13.06 | 570 | 13.79 |
Tank car, truck, and ship loaders | 100 | 15.24 | (3) | 19.16 |
Material moving workers, all other | 30 | 14.46 | 250 | 19.12 |
(1) Estimates for detailed occupations do not sum to the totals because the totals include occupations not shown separately. Estimates do not include self-employed workers. | ||||
(2) Hourly wage rates for some occupations where workers typically work fewer than 2,080 hours per year are not available. | ||||
(3) Estimates not released. | ||||
(4) This wage is equal to or greater than $70.00 per hour or $145,600 per year. | ||||
- Data not available for this occupation. |
Last Modified Date: October 13, 2006