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Chemical Sampling Information |
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| Melamine |
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General Description
Synonyms: 2,4,6-Triamino-1,3,5-triazine; 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine; Cyanuramide; Cyanurotriamide; 2,4,6-Triamino-s-triazine; Cymel
OSHA IMIS Code Number: M166
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number: 108-78-1
NIOSH, Registry of Toxic Effects (RTECS) Identification Number: OS0700000
Chemical Description and Physical Properties: Colorless to white crystals
molecular formula: C3H6N6
molecular weight: 126.15
vapor pressure: 6.7 kPa & 315°C
melting point: <250°C
Health Factors
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) carcinogenic classification: Group 3, Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans
Potential symptoms: Irritation of eyes, skin, and mucous membranes; dermatitis; in animals: chronic inflammation of kidneys (female rats); ulceration of urinary bladder epithelium (mice), urolithiasis (rats and mice); bladder cancer (male rats).
Health Effects: Irritation-Eye, Nose, Throat, Skin---Mild (HE16)
Affected organs: Kidneys, bladder, skin
Notes:
- The main constituents of the stones in the urinary bladders of rats given melamine in the diet were reported to be unchanged melamine and uric acid in a 1:1 molar ratio.
- Dimelamine phosphate was reported to be a urinary product of melamine in dogs and rats, which showed a diuretic response to melamine.
- Several cases of allergic contact dermatitis from melamine-formaldehyde resin, with or without sensitivity to formaldehyde alone, have been reported. Melamine alone, however, was reportedly not a sensitizer in guinea pigs at an aqueous concentration of 1%.
Date Last Revised: 10/24/2005
Literature Basis:
- International Chemical Safety Cards (WHO/IPCS/ILO): Melamine.
- Aalto-Korte, A., Jolanki, R. and Estlander, T.: Formaldehyde-negative allergic contact dermatitis from melamine-formaldehyde resin. Contact Dermatitis 49(4): 194-196, 2003.
- Isaksson, M., Zimerson, E. and Bruze, M.: Occupational dermatoses in composite production. J. Occup. Environ. Med. 41(4): 261-266, 1999.
- Lipschitz, W.L. and Stokey, E.: The mode of action of three new diuretics: melamine, adenine and formoguanamine. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 83: 235-249, 1945.
- Melnick, R.L., Boorman, G.A., Haseman, J.K., Montali, R.J. and Huff, J.: Urolithiasis and bladder carcinogenicity of melamine in rodents. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 72(2): 292-303, 1984.
- No authors: Melamine. IARC Monogr. Eval. Carcinog. Risks Hum. 73: 329-338, 1999.
- Ogasawara, H., et al.: Urinary bladder carcinogenesis induced by melamine in F344 male rats: correlation between carcinogenicity and urolith formation. Carcinogenesis 16(11): 2773-2777, 1995.
- Pang, S.N.J.: Final report on the safety assessment of melamine/formaldehyde resin. J. Am. Coll. Toxicol. 14(5): 373-385, 1995.
- Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Melamine. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 2. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 1454-1455.
Monitoring Methods used by OSHA
Laboratory Sampling/Analytical Method:
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sampling media: Glass Fiber Filter
analytical solvent: Water
maximum volume: 40 Liters maximum flow rate: 1.0 L/min
current analytical method: High Performance Liquid Chromatography; HPLC
method reference: OSHA SLTC In-House File
method classification: Not Validated
article: Pukkila, Jari; Peltonen, Kimmo; Savolainen, Tuure. "Journal of Chromatography" 411 (1987) pp. 409-414. ...Title: Determination of Melamine in Air by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Ultraviolet Detection. ...Collection: 13mm glass fiber filter. ...Air Vol and Flowrate: 40 Liters at 1 L/min ...Analysis: HPLC ...Column: CN ...Eluent: Methanol/water with 0.025 M Potassium phosphate ...Detector: UV at 215 nm or 235 nm. ...Comment: They generated air concentrations to evaluate collection efficiency and found no apparent loss from oxidation. ...Keywords: Melamine; Epoxy Powder; Dicyandiamide
analytical condition: Column: CN Alt Column: C18 Mobile Phase: MeOH/H20 0.025 M KN03 PH=4 with phosphoric . acid Alt Mobile Phase: 55:45:0.1 Acetonitrile:Water:Phosphoric . acid Detector Wavelength: 215 Alt Detector Wavelength: 205 nm
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