PROHIBITED ACTS
SEC. 9.
(a) GENERAL.—(1) Except as provided in sections 6(g)(2) and 10 of this Act,
with respect to any endangered species of fish or wildlife listed pursuant to section 4
of this Act it is unlawful for any person subject to the jurisdiction of the United
States to—
(A) import any such species into, or export any such species from the United
States;
(B) take any such species within the United States or the territorial sea of the
United States;
(C) take any such species upon the high seas;
(D) possess, sell, deliver, carry, transport, or ship, by any means whatsoever,
any such species taken in violation of subparagraphs (B) and (C);
(E) deliver, receive, carry, transport, or ship in interstate or foreign commerce,
by any means whatsoever and in the course of a commercial activity, any such
species;
(F) sell or offer for sale in interstate or foreign commerce any such species; or
(G) violate any regulation pertaining to such species or to any threatened species
of fish or wildlife listed pursuant to section 4 of this Act and promulgated by
the Secretary pursuant to authority provided by this Act.
(2) Except as provided in sections 6(g)(2) and 10 of this Act, with respect to any
endangered species of plants listed pursuant to section 4 of this Act, it is unlawful for
any person subject to the jurisdiction of the United States to—
(A) import any such species into, or export any such species from, the United
States;
(B) remove and reduce to possession any such species from areas under Federal
jurisdiction; maliciously damage or destroy any such species on any such area; or
remove, cut, dig up, or damage or destroy any such species on any other area in
knowing violation of any law or regulation of any State or in the course of any
violation of a State criminal trespass law;(C) deliver, receive, carry, transport, or ship in interstate or foreign commerce,
by any means whatsoever and in the course of a commercial activity, any such
species;
(D) sell or offer for sale in interstate or foreign commerce any such species; or
(E) violate any regulation pertaining to such species or to any threatened
species of plants listed pursuant to section 4 of this Act and promulgated by the
Secretary pursuant to authority provided by this Act.
(b)(1) SPECIES HELD IN CAPTIVITY OR CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT.—The provisions
of subsections (a)(1)(A) and (a)(1)(G) of this section shall not apply to any fish or
wildlife which was held in captivity or in a controlled environment on (A) December
28, 1973, or (B) the date of the publication in the Federal Register of a final regulation
adding such fish or wildlife species to any list published pursuant to subsection
(c) of section 4 of this Act: Provided, That such holding and any subsequent holding
or use of the fish or wildlife was not in the course of a commercial activity. With
respect to any act prohibited by subsections (a)(1)(A) and (a)(1)(G) of this section
which occurs after a period of 180 days from (i) December 28, 1973, or (ii) the date of
publication in the Federal Register of a final regulation adding such fish or wildlife
species to any list published pursuant to subsection (c) of section 4 of this Act, there
shall be a rebuttable presumption that the fish or wildlife involved in such act is not
entitled to the exemption contained in this subsection.
(2)(A) The provisions of subsection (a)(1) shall not apply to—
(i) any raptor legally held in captivity or in a controlled environment on the
effective date of the Endangered Species Act Amendments of 1978; or
(ii) any progeny of any raptor described in clause (i); until such time as any
such raptor or progeny is intentionally returned to a wild state.
(B) Any person holding any raptor or progeny described in subparagraph (A)
must be able to demonstrate that the raptor or progeny does, in fact, qualify under
the provisions of this paragraph, and shall maintain and submit to the Secretary, on
request, such inventories, documentation, and records as the Secretary may by regulation
require as being reasonably appropriate to carry out the purposes of this
paragraph. Such requirements shall not unnecessarily duplicate the requirements
of other rules and regulations promulgated by the Secretary.
(c) VIOLATION OF CONVENTION.—(1) It is unlawful for any person subject to the
jurisdiction of the United States to engage in any trade in any specimens contrary
to the provisions of the Convention, or to possess any specimens traded contrary to
the provisions of the Convention, including the definitions of terms in article I thereof.
(2) Any importation into the United States of fish or wildlife shall, if —
(A) such fish or wildlife is not an endangered species listed pursuant to section
4 of this Act but is listed in Appendix II to the Convention,
(B) the taking and exportation of such fish or wildlife is not contrary to the
provisions of the Convention and all other applicable requirements of the Convention
have been satisfied,
(C) the applicable requirements of subsections (d), (e), and (f) of this section
have been satisfied, and
(D) such importation is not made in the course of a commercial activity, be
presumed to be an importation not in violation of any provision of this Act or any
regulation issued pursuant to this Act.
(d) IMPORTS AND EXPORTS.—(1) IN GENERAL.—It is unlawful for any person, without first having obtained
permission from the Secretary, to engage in business—
(A) as an importer or exporter of fish or wildlife (other than shellfish and
fishery products which (i) are not listed pursuant to section 4 of this Act as
endangered species or threatened species, and (ii) are imported for purposes
of human or animal consumption or taken in waters under the jurisdiction
of the United States or on the high seas for recreational purposes)
or plants; or
(B) as an importer or exporter of any amount of raw or worked African
elephant ivory.
(2) REQUIREMENTS.—Any person required to obtain permission under paragraph
(1) of this subsection shall—
(A) keep such records as will fully and correctly disclose each importation
or exportation of fish, wildlife, plants, or African elephant ivory made by
him and the subsequent disposition made by him with respect to such fish,
wildlife, plants, or ivory;
(B) at all reasonable times upon notice by a duly authorized representative
of the Secretary, afford such representative access to his place of business,
an opportunity to examine his inventory of imported fish, wildlife,
plants, or African elephant ivory and the records required to be kept under
subparagraph (A) of this paragraph, and to copy such records; and
(C) file such reports as the Secretary may require.
(3) REGULATIONS.—The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as are necessary
and appropriate to carry out the purposes of this subsection.(4) RESTRICTION ON CONSIDERATION OF VALUE OR AMOUNT OF AFRICAN ELEPHANT
IVORY IMPORTED OR EXPORTED.—In granting permission under this subsection
for importation or exportation of African elephant ivory, the Secretary shall not
vary the requirements for obtaining such permission on the basis of the value or
amount of ivory imported or exported under such permission.
(e) REPORTS.—It is unlawful for any person importing or exporting fish or wildlife
(other than shellfish and fishery products which (1) are not listed pursuant to section
4 of this Act as endangered or threatened species, and (2) are imported for
purposes of human or animal consumption or taken in waters under the jurisdiction
of the United States or on the high seas for recreational purposes) or plants to fail to
file any declaration or report as the Secretary deems necessary to facilitate enforcement
of this Act or to meet the obligations of the Convention.
(f) DESIGNATION OF PORTS.— (1) It is unlawful for any person subject to the jurisdiction
of the United States to import into or export from the United States any fish
or wildlife (other than shellfish and fishery products which (A) are not listed pursuant
to section 4 of this Act as endangered species or threatened species, and (B) are
imported for purposes of human or animal consumption or taken in waters under
the jurisdiction of the United States or on the high seas for recreational purposes)
or plants, except at a port or ports designated by the Secretary of the Interior. For
the purpose of facilitating enforcement of this Act and reducing the costs thereof, the
Secretary of the Interior, with approval of the Secretary of the Treasury and after
notice and opportunity for public hearing, may, by regulation, designate ports and
change such designations. The Secretary of the Interior, under such terms and conditions
as he may prescribe, may permit the importation or exportation at nondesignated
ports in the interest of the health or safety of the fish or wildlife or plants, or for otherreasons if, in his discretion, he deems it appropriate and consistent with the purpose
of this subsection.
(2) Any port designated by the Secretary of the Interior under the authority of
section 4(d) of the Act of December 5, 1969 (16 U.S.C. 666cc-4(d)), shall, if such
designation is in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act, be
deemed to be a port designated by the Secretary under paragraph (1) of this subsection
until such time as the Secretary otherwise provides.
(g) VIOLATIONS.—It is unlawful for any person subject to the jurisdiction of the
United States to attempt to commit, solicit another to commit, or cause to be committed,
any offense defined in this section.
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