ANR-1128 WEED IDENTIFICATION FOR HORTICULTURAL CROPS
ANR-1128, New Sept 1998. Mike
Patterson, Extension Weed Scientist, Professor, and Dale Monks, Extension Crop
Physiologist, Associate Professor, both in Agronomy and Soils
at Auburn University, and Bobby Boozer, Area Horticulturist,
and Jim Bannon, Director, E.V. Smith Research Center
Weed Identification for Horticultural
Crops |
Most of the weeds that infest vegetable crops are indigenous
to all row crops grown in Alabama. Annual and perennial weeds
and grasses can cause yield and quality losses in commercial vegetable
crops and often are harder to remove in vegetables because of
the limited herbicide registrations for these crops. Because herbicides
available for weed management in commercial vegetables are limited,
we have listed a number of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices
that can be used to help manage weeds in these crops. This is
certainly not an exhaustive list--it is a list of suggestions
for your consideration. IPM practices can be used in combination
with registered herbicides to help obtain the weed control level
required to make good yields and high-quality vegetables.
A table that lists the botanical attributes of each weed shown
in this publication is provided. The table tells whether a weed
grows in the summer or winter and whether it has an annual, biennial,
or perennial life cycle. Being able to properly identify weeds
and having some knowledge of the weed's growth habit will help
you select management options.
The chemical pest control recommendations for most vegetable
crops grown in Alabama are listed in IPM publication 98IPM-2,
Commercial Vegetable Insects, Disease, Nematode and Weed Control.
This publication can be obtained from your county Extension office
and should be replaced each year due to changes in herbicide labels
and recommendations. We hope that this publication will be helpful
to you in managing weeds in your vegetable crops.
IPM Practices for Vegetable Weed Management
Exclusion--Clean equipment before moving it to new fields.
Make sure organic mulching material is free of weed seeds.
Crop Rotation--Rotate to a competitive crop such as
sweet corn or beans. Rotating crops will also allow you to use
alternative herbicides that have different modes of action.
Selective Fertilization--Because some weeds grow better
than row crops do under low soil fertility conditions, place fertilizer
in a band over the row to promote good vegetable growth without
encouraging weed growth between rows.
Mulching--Use either plastic or organic mulch to discourage
weed germination and growth.
Selective Watering--Water with drop irrigation or microirrigation
as opposed to sprinkler irrigation to help keep water away from
the weeds growing in the middles.
Cultivation--Use mechanical cultivation in vegetables
to help control weeds in the middles. Flame cultivation has the
potential to control weeds in the rows of crops that have an upright
growth habit, such as tomatoes, sweet corn, and okra.
Hand Hoeing--Hand hoeing and pulling, although labor
intensive, are often needed to remove weeds that cultivation and
herbicides will not control in the row.
Sprayer Calibration--Properly calibrate sprayers, and
make timely applications of postemergence herbicides to small
weeds to reduce herbicide rates and the possibility of crop injury.
Banding Herbicide Treatments--Apply herbicides on a
band centered on the row, and use cultivation in the middles to
lower costs and help reduce herbicide load on the environment.
Weed Maps--Make maps of specific weed infestations to
help target herbicide applications in future years and to reduce
the amount of chemical needed in many cases.
Weeds Common in Alabama Vegetable Production
The following table describes the weeds shown
in this publication. The abbreviations for life cycle are as follows:
A = annual; B = biennial; P = perennial; S = summer; W = winter.
Grasses
Common name |
Scientific name |
Life cycle |
bermudagrass, common |
Cynodon dactylon
(L.) Pers. |
S, P |
broadleaf signalgrass |
Brachiaria platyphylla (Griseb.)Nash |
S, A |
large crabgrass |
Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. |
S, A |
goosegrass |
Eleusine indica
(L.) Gaertn. |
S, A |
johnsongrass |
Sorghum halepense
(L.) Pers. |
S, P |
Texas panicum |
Panicum texanum
Buckl. |
S, A |
Small-seeded broadleaf weeds
bristly starbur |
Acanthospermum hispidum DC. |
S, A |
burgherkin |
Cucumis anguria
L. |
S, A |
carpetweed |
Mollugo verticillata
L. |
S, A |
cocklebur, common |
Xanthium strumarium
L. |
S, A |
coffee senna |
Senna occidentalis
S.Wats. |
S, A |
croton, tropic |
Croton glandulosus
var.
septentrionalis Muell.-Arg. |
S, A |
croton, woolly |
Croton capitatus Michx. |
S, A |
cutleaf eveningprimrose |
Oenothera laciniata Hill |
W, A/B |
dodder |
Cuscuta species |
parasitic A |
Florida beggarweed |
Desmodium tortuosum (Sw.) DC. |
S, A |
Florida pusley |
Richardia scabra L. |
S, A |
horseweed |
Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. |
W/S, A |
jimsonweed |
Datura stramonium L. |
S, A |
lambsquarters, common |
Chenopodium album L. |
S, A |
pigweed, redroot |
Amaranthus retroflexus L. |
S, A |
pigweed, tumble |
Amaranthus albus L. |
S, A |
ragweed, common |
Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. |
S, A |
sida, arrowleaf |
Sida rhombifolia L. |
S, A |
sida, prickly |
Sida spinosa
L. |
S, A |
sicklepod |
Senna obtusifolia L. |
S, A |
spiny amaranth |
Amaranthus spinosus L. |
S, A |
spurge, prostrate |
Euphorbia humistrata Engelm. ex Gray |
S, A |
spurge, spotted |
Euphorbia maculata L. |
S, A |
Virginia pepperweed |
Lepidium virginicum L. |
W, A |
citronmelon |
Citrullus lanatus var. citroides (Bailey) Mansf. |
S, A |
wild poinsettia |
Euphorbia heterophylla L. |
S, A |
Morningglories
bigroot morningglory |
Ipomoea pandurata (L.) G.F.W. Meyer |
S, P |
cypressvine morningglory |
Ipomoea quamoclit
L. |
S, A |
entireleaf morningglory |
Ipomoea hederacea
var. integriuscula Gray |
S, A |
ivyleaf morningglory |
Ipomoea hederacea (L.) Jacq. |
S, A |
palmleaf morningglory |
Ipomoea wrightii Gray |
S, A |
pitted morningglory |
Ipomoea lacunosa L. |
S, A |
purple morningglory |
Ipomoea turbinata Lag. |
S, A |
red morningglory |
Ipomoea coccinea L. |
S, A |
smallflower morningglory |
Jacquemontia tamnifolia (L.) Griseb. |
S, A |
tall morningglory |
Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth |
S, A |
Other perennial weeds
Carolina horsenettle |
Solanum carolinense L. |
S, P |
nutsedge, purple |
Cyperus rotundus
L. |
S, P |
nutsedge, yellow |
Cyperus esculentus
L. |
S, P |
maypop passionflower |
Passiflora incarnata
L. |
S, P |
trumpetcreeper |
Campsis radicans
(L.) Seem.
ex Bureau |
S, P |
![w.1](Images/w.1.GIF) |
![w.2](Images/w.2.GIF) |
![w.3](Images/w.3.GIF) |
common bermudagrass |
broadleaf signalgrass |
large crabgrass |
![w.4](Images/w.4.GIF) |
![w.5](Images/w.5.GIF) |
![w.6](Images/w.6.GIF) |
goosegrass |
johnsongrass |
Texas panicum |
![w.7](Images/w.7.GIF) |
![w.8](Images/w.8.GIF) |
![w.9](Images/w.9.GIF) |
bristly starbur |
burgherkin |
carpetweed |
![w.10](Images/w.10.GIF) |
![w.11](Images/w.11.GIF) |
![w.12](Images/w.12.GIF) |
coffee senna |
common cocklebur |
tropic croton |
![w.13](Images/w.13.GIF) |
![w.14](Images/w.14.GIF) |
![w.15](Images/w.15.GIF) |
woolly croton |
cutleaf eveningprimrose |
dodder |
|
![w.17](Images/w.17.GIF) |
![w.18](Images/w.18.GIF) |
Florida beggarweed |
Florida pusley |
horseweed |
![w.19](Images/w.19.GIF) |
![w.20](Images/w.20.GIF) |
![w.21](Images/w.21.GIF) |
jimsonweed |
common lambsquarters |
redroot pigweed |
![w.22](Images/w.22.GIF) |
![w.23](Images/w.23.GIF) |
![w.24](Images/w.24.GIF) |
tumble pigweed |
common ragweed |
arrowleaf sida |
![w.25](Images/w.25.GIF) |
![w.26](Images/w.26.GIF) |
![w.27](Images/w.27.GIF) |
prickly sida |
sicklepod |
spiny amaranth |
![w.28](Images/w.28.GIF) |
![w.29](Images/w.29.GIF) |
![w.30](Images/w.30.GIF) |
prostrate spurge |
spotted spurge |
Virginia pepperweed |
![w.31](Images/w.31.GIF) |
![w.32](Images/w.32.GIF) |
![w.33](Images/w.33.GIF) |
citronmelon |
wild poinsettia |
bigroot morningglory |
![w.34](Images/w.34.GIF) |
![w.35](Images/w.35.GIF) |
![w.36](Images/w.36.GIF) |
cypressvine morningglory |
entireleaf morningglory |
ivyleaf morningglory |
![w.37](Images/w.37.GIF) |
![w.38](Images/w.38.GIF) |
![w.39](Images/w.39.GIF) |
palmleaf morningglory |
pitted morningglory |
purple morningglory |
![w.40](Images/w.40.GIF) |
![w.41](Images/w.41.GIF) |
![w.42](Images/w.42.GIF) |
red morningglory |
smallflower morningglory |
tall morningglory |
![w.43](Images/w.43.GIF) |
![w.44](Images/w.44.GIF) |
![w.45](Images/w.45.GIF) |
Carolina horsenettle |
purple nutsedge |
yellow nutsedge |
![w.46](Images/w.46.GIF) |
![w.47](Images/w.47.GIF) |
|
maypop passionflower |
trumpetcreeper |
For more information, contact your county Extension
office. Look in your telephone directory under your county's name
to find the number.
For more information, contact your county Extension office. Visit http://www.aces.edu/counties or look in your telephone directory under your county's name to find contact information.
Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work in agriculture and
home economics, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, and other related
acts, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The Alabama
Cooperative Extension System (Alabama A&M University and Auburn
University) offers educational programs, materials, and equal
opportunity employment to all people without regard to race, color,
national origin, religion, sex, age, veteran status, or disability.
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