STS-113 Sets Record for Landing Weather Delay Days
Endeavour completed the 112th mission of the Space Shuttle program when it touched down at
the NASA Shuttle Landing Facility at Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Florida on December 7,
2002. Weather plagued both the launch and landing of Endeavour as the second launch
attempt was scrubbed due to bad weather at the Spanish Transoceanic Abort Landing (TAL)
sites for only the fourth time in Space Shuttle history. The landing was delayed three
days, setting a Space Shuttle record.
The first launch attempt on the evening of November 10, 2002 was cancelled a few hours
prior to launch time because of problems with the crew's oxygen system. Weather would
have been problematic as well since precipitation and fog at the Spanish abort landing
sites were observed at the potential TAL times. Skies were clear at KSC and no weather
flight rule violations were noted.
The second launch attempt was postponed because of bad weather at the TAL sites as a pesky
upper level storm system brought clouds and precipitation to Spain. Both Zaragoza and
Moron observed Space Shuttle weather flight rule violations on the evening of November 22.
As mentioned previously, this was the fourth time that a Space Shuttle launch had been
cancelled by TAL weather alone. The other missions cancelled by TAL weather as the sole
cause were STS-61C, STS-74, and STS-101. Again, weather at the KSC launch site was good.
The third time proved to be a charm for Endeavour on November 23, 2002 at it lifted off
from pad 39A at 1850 CST (24/0050 UTC) on its mission to rendezvous with the International
Space Station. Only a few clouds were visible in the sky at launch and at the potential
Return-to-Launch-Site (RTLS) abort landing time.
The first attempt at landing at KSC were thwarted on December 4 by low cloud ceilings which
developed just prior to the first de-orbit opportunity. Clouds lingered on through the
first potential landing time and the second de-orbit opportunity.
On December 5 showers and thunderstorms moved within thirty miles of KSC on the first
landing time violating weather flight rules. Thunder, rain, and cloud ceilings were
observed on the day's final landing opportunity either at or within 30 miles of the
Shuttle Landing Facility. NASA mission controllers decided by mid-morning not to attempt
much of the de-orbit preparations necessary for landing so Endeavour remained in orbit
another day.
A cold front passed through KSC on the night of December 5/6 bringing very low clouds and
fog in its wake for landing attempts on Friday December 6. Both landing attempts were
socked in with low clouds with bases at times below 1000 feet. Although Endeavour could
have remained in orbit through the 8th, NASA mission managers decided to land at either
Edwards AFB or KSC on Saturday December 7 if weather permitted.
Endeavour landed on the fourth day of trying at 1937 UTC December 7, 2002 with only a few
clouds in the sky at the Kennedy Space Center. Variable in direction, but generally
northeast, winds gusted to near the crosswind limit prior to and after de-orbit burn. The
average crosswind observed at landing time was 7 knots. Endeavour's commander Jim
Weatherbee reported no crosswind issues with the landing.
The STS-113 mission lead was Tim Garner. Assistant/TAL site forecasters were Dan Bellue
and Richard Lafosse. Brian Hoeth completed his first mission as the prime techniques
development meteorologist for the flight.
The next Space Shuttle mission will be STS-107 scheduled for a mid-January launch.
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