Diagrams of objects used to establish azimuth for orienting artillery. From captured German geodetic control book for St. Nazaire

Sketches with maps of various geodetic control points. From captured German geodetic control book for St. Nazaire

Group photograph of ill-fated Battery B of the 285th FAOB. Major Fair J. Bryant was executive officer and survey officer of the 285th FAOB.

"Malmedy Massacre" - approximately 70 members of Battery B killed after captured . Fair J. Bryant was travelling with Battery A of 285th at time of massacre. Occurred at beginning of Battle of the Bulge

Commander Maurice A. Hecht at left - first instructor for radar ranging class. Observation battalion training in use of radar to determine enemy gun location

Officers' Sound and Flash Ranging Class No. 16. #9- Harry D. Reed; #11 - Charley Schanck; #12 C. M. Shinn

Typical Corps Survey Problem. Illustrating the complexity of battlefield surveying

Francis X. Popper plotting hydrographic survey in New Guinea. Regimental navigator for Army amphibious engineers. May and Larusso standing guard

Chart of Efate Island produced on board the PATHFINDER. Printed on board in July 1943. Green areas denote wiredrag coverage

Chart of Lifa-Uvea Passage produced on board the PATHFINDER. Printed on board in September 1944

Massacre Bay. HYDROGRAPHER led transports and combatants to anchorage areas during invasion

Marine mapping party working with a plane table. Photo from article in Military Engineer

Marine photographic intelligence work. Photo from article in Military Engineer

Relief map of Truk Island developed to guide bombing missions. Work of Roswell Bolstad while Marine intelligence officer

Approach recognition chart of Truk Islands. Chart shows varying aspects of Truk while approaching from different directions . Work of Roswell Bolstad while Marine intelligence officer

Anti-aircraft battery at Guadalcanal commanded by Robert A. Earle. Early use of C&GS by Marines

Artillery survey crew of 10th Marines with 3 captured Japanese battle flags. Survey crew caught in middle of huge Japanese banzai charge at Battle of Saipan . Robert A. Earle, in center front, commanding officer of survey crew

Artillery survey crew of 10th Marines with survey gear. Commanded by Robert A. Earle, back row 4th from left

Amphibious landing beach on Tinian at H+5 hours. Note survey crew on left already beginning work for artillery survey

Measuring a baseline at low tide across reef area.

Jeremiah Morton's survey crew on Saipan. Newspaper article termed Morton and his crew "sniper bait"

Hydrographic survey signal on Mt. Suribachi, Iwo Jima. This signal was erected within a short time of the famous American flag raising .

Transportation on the upper Amazon River. Transporting survey crews of Carl Aslakson. Aslakson with Army Air 311th Air Photo Wing

Projection scheme for aeronautical charts of the U.S. Army Air Forces. This scheme was developed by Paul A. Smith, head of C&GS aeronautical charting. Army Air Forces routes pioneered modern commercial routes

C&GS Puerto Princesa, Philippines chart with military grid. Philippine Islands covered by C&GS charts prior to war. Charts helped U.S. forces transport men and equipment. Offensive operations planned using C&GS charts as well

Photo of Nazi submariner foot (?) trying to get out of submarine escape hatch. Office of Strategic Services project to find sunken vessels with new technology . Ray Tryon and John O. Phillips worked off USCGC GENTIAN in 1944. Example of early surface controlled ocean bottom photography

Woman professional operating tide prediction machine. World War II opened up many opportunities for women. Over 1/2 of males with C&GS joined the Armed Services

WEMS - The Women's Emergency Map Service. WEMS started as a joke passed to press that ran national article. Although never a formal service, women functioned in many C&GS jobs during war. By war's end, there was more truth to WEMS than cartoonist had visualized

Women operating automatic projection ruling machine

Woman operating photo-reproduction equipment

Woman draftsman preparing chart manuscript

Women working in map-folding room

Officer discussing work with woman operating photogrammetric stereoplotter.

Wrecked Japanese ship at Kiska

Another wrecked Japanese ship at Kiska

Scrambling through the scree

Bob Pryce taking a breather at the station

Bob Pryce getting near the top. On the way to Station Wide

Climbing through the snow on the ridge lines. On the way to Station Wide

Coming down the mountain.

One slip and you'll have some cold feet. On the way to Station Wide

Resting up and taking in the view. On the way to Station Wide

Packing into Yellowstone. Yellowstone National Park area 1950. One of the last horseback operations in the C&GS

Getting out before the snow gets deep. Yellowstone National Park area 1950. One of the last horseback operations in the C&GS

Getting out before the snow gets deep - Bob Pryce with a little snow. Yellowstone National Park area 1950. One of the last horseback operations in the C&GS

Getting out before the snow gets deep. Yellowstone National Park area 1950. One of the last horseback operations in the C&GS

Horseback packing out of remote areas of Yellowstone - 1950. The snow is beginning to fly. One of the last horseback operations in the C&GS

Crossing the Firehole River in Yellowstone National Park. One of the last horseback operations in the C&GS

Sometimes old Betsy needs a drink of water

Truck transportation in western United States - ca. 1940's