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stain of rubella |
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The name rubella is derived from latin, meaning “little red.” It was
initially considered to be a variant of measles or scarlet fever and
was called “third disease.” It was not until 1814 that it was first
described as a separate disease in the German medical literature. In
1914, Hess postulated a viral etiology based on his work with monkeys.
Hiro and Tosaka in 1938 confirmed the viral etiology by passing
the disease to children using filtered nasal washings from acute
cases.
Following a widespread epidemic of rubella infection in 1940,
Norman Gregg, an Australian ophthalmologist, reported in 1941
the occurrence of congenital cataracts among 78 infants born following
maternal rubella infection in early pregnancy. This was the
first reported recognition of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS).
RUBELLA VIRUS
Rubella virus was first isolated in 1962 by Parkman and Weller.
Rubella virus is classified as a togavirus, genus Rubivirus. It is most
closely related to group A arboviruses, such as Eastern and Western
Equine Encephalitis viruses. It is an enveloped RNA virus, with a
single antigenic type that does not cross-react with other members
of the togavirus group.
Rubella virus is relatively unstable and is inactivated by lipid solvents,
trypsin, formalin, ultraviolet light, extremes of pH and heat,
and amantadine.
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MMQC-08-1157 15 Apr 08| | MERCK / PROQUAD (MEASLES, MUMPS, RUBELLA AND VARCELLA VIRUS VACCINE LIVE (MMRV)) / INFORMATION BULLETIN
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MMQC-07-1155 23 May 07| | MERCK / UPDATE ON AVAILABILITY OF PROQUAD [MEASLES, MUMPS, RUBELLA, AND VARICELLA (OKA/MERCK) VIRUS VACCINE LIVE] / MERCK LETTER
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MMI-05-4004 26 May 05| | MMR AND INACTIVATED POLIOVIRUS VACCINES ON NEW ACCESSION
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