HYbrid Single-Particle
Version 4.8 Updated: February 2008
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The HYSPLIT (HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) model is the newest version of a complete system for computing simple air parcel trajectories to complex dispersion and deposition simulations. As a result of a joint effort between NOAA and Australia's Bureau of Meteorology, the model has recently been upgraded. New features include improved advection algorithms, updated stability and dispersion equations, a new graphical user interface, and the option to include modules for chemical transformations. Without the additional dispersion modules, Hysplit computes the advection of a single pollutant particle, or simply its trajectory.
The dispersion of a pollutant is calculated by assuming either puff or particle dispersion. In the puff model, puffs expand until they exceed the size of the meteorological grid cell (either horizontally or vertically) and then split into several new puffs, each with it's share of the pollutant mass. In the particle model, a fixed number of initial particles are advected about the model domain by the mean wind field and a turbulent component. The model's default configuration assumes a puff distribution in the horizontal and particle dispersion in the vertical direction. In this way, the greater accuracy of the vertical dispersion parameterization of the particle model is combined with the advantage of having an ever expanding number of particles represent the pollutant distribution.
The model can be run interactively on the Web through the READY system on our site or the code executable and meteorological data can be downloaded to a Windows PC. The Web version has been configured with some limitations to avoid computational saturation of our web server. The registered PC version is complete with no computational restrictions, except that user's must obtain their own meteorological data files. The unregistered version is identical to the registered version except that it will not work with forecast meteorology data files.
The meteorological input fields used by Hysplit are required to be in "ARL packed" format. All gridded meteorological data available on our site are already in this form and may be FTP'd to your PC without conversion. Remember to use the binary or iget options for any data transfers.
All data meteorological available on our site on-line may be used through any Web based READY program, or with some restrictions, downloaded to your PC for computations. Data that is no longer on-line may be available from NCDC or other sources, however it cannot be placed back on-line and all computations with those data must be done locally on your own PC.
Due to copyright restrictions, some articles are not available directly on-line, but must be requested by Email. You will be prompted, the article file name will appear in the subject line, no additional message is necessary.
Short Range: 5 to 50 km Applications - Draxler, R.R., 2006, The Use of Global and Mesoscale Meteorological Model Data to Predict the Transport and Dispersion of Tracer Plumes over Washington, D.C., Weather and Forecasting, Vol. 21, No. 3, pages 383-394.
Modeling PM10 from Dust Storms - Escudero, M., A. Stein, R. R. Draxler, X. Querol, A. Alastuey, S. Castillo, and A. Avila (2006), Determination of the contribution of northern Africa dust source areas to PM10 concentrations over the central Iberian Peninsula using the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model (HYSPLIT) model, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D06210, doi:10.1029/2005JD006395.
HYSPLIT meteorological ensemble method - Draxler, R.R. 2003, Evaluation of an ensemble dispersion calculation, Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 42, February, 308-317.
HYSPLIT turbulence ensemble method - Stein, A.F., V. Isakov, J. Godowitch, R.R. Draxler (2007),A hybrid modeling approach to resolve pollutant concentrations in an urban area, Atmospheric Environment 41:9410-9426.
Hysplit User's Guide - An essential document if you will be using the Windows PC version of the model. The document provides complete information about file formats, command line prompts, and descriptions of each input line for the Hysplit model's control file that is used to set up the simulation (NOAA Tech Memo ERL ARL-230, June 1999, 35p - Last Revised March 2002 - also included in the distribution download file).
Hysplit Ozone Calculations - Draxler, R.R. 2000, Meteorological Factors of Ozone Predictability at Houston, Texas, J. Air and Waste Management Assoc., 50: 259-271.
Verification and Examples - Draxler, R.R. and G.D. Hess, 1998, An Overview of the Hysplit_4 Modeling System for Trajectories, Dispersion, and Deposition, Aust. Met. Mag., 47, 295-308.
Technical Information - Draxler, R.R. and G.D. Hess, 1997, Description of the Hysplit_4 modeling system, NOAA Tech Memo ERL ARL-224, Dec, 24p.
Emergency Response Applications - Draxler, R.R., Jean, M., Hicks, B., and Randerson, D. 1997, Emergency Preparedness, Regional Specialized Meteorological Centers at Washington and Montreal, Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Vol 73, pp. 27-30.
Volcanic Eruptions - Stunder, B.J.B., J.L. Heffter, R.R. Draxler (2007), Airborne Volcanic Ash Forecast Area Reliability, Weather and Forecasting, 22:1132-1139, DOI: 10.1175/WAF1042.1
Trajectory Verification - Draxler, R.R. 1996, Trajectory Optimization for Balloon Flight Planning, Weather and Forecasting, Vol 11, March, pp. 111-114.
Kinematic and Isentropic Trajectories - Draxler, R.R. 1996, Boundary layer isentropic and kinematic trajectories duing the August 1993 North Atlantic Regional Experiment Intensive, J. Geophys. Res., Vol 101, No. D22, pp. 29255-29268.