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Lithium Reader
Readings on the Use of Lithium as a Stream Tracer
Compilation by Marisa Cox
<mhcox@usgs.gov> and
Ken Bencala
<kbencala@usgs.gov>
original: 11-Jul-2005
last revised: 23-Sep-2005
This reading list also may be downloaded as a
Word document [46 kB].
Lithium Tracer
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Assessment of metal loads in watersheds affected by acid mine drainage by
using tracer injection and synoptic sampling: Cement Creek, Colorado, USA. BA
Kimball, RL Runkel, K Walton-Day, KE Bencala, Applied Geochemistry,
17:1183-1207, 2002.
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Testing and comparison of four ionic tracers to measure stream flow loss
by multiple tracer injection. GW Zellweger, Hydrological Processes,
8:155-165, 1994.
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Characterization of transport in an acidic and metal-rich mountain stream
based on a lithium tracer injection and simulations of transient storage. KE
Bencala, DM McKnight, GW Zellweger, Water Resources Research,
26(5): 989-1000, doi: 10.1029/89WR03235, 1990.
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Interactions of solutes and streambed sediments 2. A dynamic analysis of
coupled hydrologic and chemical processes that determine solute transport. KE
Bencala, Water Resources Research, 20(12): 1804-1814, 1984.
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Lithium Background
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Lithium isotopic composition and concentration of the upper continental
crust. FA Teng, WF McDonough, RL Rudnick, C Dalpe, PB Tomascak, BW Chappell,
S Gao, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 68(20): 4167-4178,
doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2004.03.031, 2004.
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Lithium and its isotopes in major world rivers: implications for weathering
and the oceanic budget. Y Huh, L-H Chan, L Zhang, JM Edmond, Geochimica
et Cosmochimica Acta, 62(12): 2039-2051, 1998.
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Lithium Stream Tracer Examples
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Geochemistry of Red Mountain Creek, Colorado, under low-flow conditions,
August 2002. RL Runkel, BA Kimball, K Walton-Day, PL Verplanck, US
Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5101, 2005.
[Online at
http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5101/]
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Reach-scale cation exchange controls on major ion chemistry of an Antarctic
glacial meltwater stream. MN Gooseff, DM McKnight and RL Runkel, Aquatic
Geochemistry, 10: 221-238, 2004.
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Application of tracer-injection techniques to demonstrate surface-water
and ground-water interactions between an alpine stream and the North Star
mine, Upper Animas River watershed, Southwestern Colorado. WG Wright,
B Moore, USGS Water-Resources Investigations Report, 03-4172, 2003.
[Online at
http://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri034172/]
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Transport and cycling of iron and hydrogen peroxide in a freshwater stream:
influence of organic acids. DT Scott, RL Runkel, DM McKnight, BM Voelker,
BA Kimball, ER Carraway, Water Resources Research, 39(11):
1308 doi: 10.1029/2002WR001768, 2003.
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In-stream sorption of fulvic acid in an acidic stream: a stream-scale
transport experiment. DM McKnight, GM Hornberger, KE Bencala, EW Boyer,
Water Resources Research, 38(1), doi: 10.1029/2001WR000269,
2002.
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The effects of partly irreversible solute exchange: comparison between
conservative and sorptive transport in streams. K Jonas Forsman, K Johansson,
K Jonsson, Journal of Hydrology, 256(1-2): 1-15, 2002.
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pH dependence of iron photoreduction in a rocky mountain stream affected
by acid mine drainage. DM McKnight, BA Kimball, RL Runkel, Hydrological
Processes, 15(10): 1979-1992, doi: 10.1002/hyp.251, 2001.
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The contribution of old and new water to a storm hydrograph determined
by tracer addition to a whole catchment. R Collins, A Jenkins, M Harrow,
Hydrological Processes, 14:701-711, 2000.
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Analysis of transient storage subject to unsteady flow: diel flow variation
in an Antarctic stream. RL Runkel, DM McKnight, ED Andrews, Journal of
North American Benthological Society, 17(2):145-154, 1998.
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Reactive Solute Transport in acidic streams. RE Broshears, Water,
Air and Soil Pollution, 90:195-204, 1996.
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Phosphate dynamics in an acidic mountain stream: interactions involving algal
uptake, sorption by iron oxide, and photoreduction. CM Tate, RE Broshears,
DM McKnight, Liminology and Oceanography, 40(5):938-946, 1995.
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Tracer-dilution experiments and solute-transport simulations for a mountain
stream, Saint Kevin Gulch, Colorado. RE Broshears, KE Bencala, BA Kimball,
DM McKnight, USGS Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4081, 1993.
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The chemistry of iron, aluminum, and dissolved organic material in three
acidic, metal-enriched, mountain streams, as controlled by watershed
and in-stream processes. DM McKnight, KE Bencala, Water Resources
Research, 26(12): 3087-3100, doi: 10.1029/90WR01510, 1990.
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Reactive iron transport in an acidic mountain stream in Summit County,
Colorado: A hydrologic perspective. DM McKnight, KE Bencala, Geochimica
et Cosmochimica Acta, 53: 2225-2234, 1989.
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Data on the solute concentration within the subsurface flows of Little Lost
Man Creek in response to a transport experiment, Redwood National Park,
northwest California. GW Zellweger, VC Kennedy, KE Bencala, RJ Avanzino,
AP Jackman, FJ Triska, USGS Open File Report 86-403W.
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Interactions of solutes and streambed sediments 1. An experimental analysis
of cation and anion transport in a mountain stream. KE Bencala, VC Kennedy,
GW Zellweger, AP Jackman, RJ Azanzino, Water Resources Research,
20(12): 1797-1803, 1984.
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Rhodamine WT dye losses in a mountain stream environment. KE Bencala,
RE Rathbun, AP Jackman, VC Kennedy, GW Zellweger, RJ Avanzino, Water
Resources Bulletin, 19(6): 943-950, 1983.
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Related Lithium Tracer Examples
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An evaluation of two tracers in surface-flow wetlands: rhodamine WT and
lithium. FE Dierberg, TA DeBusk, Wetlands, 25(1): 8-25, 2005.
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Nitrate removal in riparian wetlands: interactions between surface flow and
soils. JC Rutherford, ML Nguyen, Journal of Environmental Quality,
33:1133-1143, 2004.
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A hydrological tracer experiment with LiCl in a high mountain lake. H
Thies, U Nickus, C Arnold, and R Psenner, Hydrological Processes,
16: 2329-2337, doi: 10.1002/hyp.1004, 2002.
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Hyporheic exchange of solutes and colloids with moving bed forms. AI Packman,
NH Brooks, Water Resources Research, 37(10):2591-2605, doi:
10.1029/2001WR000477, 2001.
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Ion chromatographic determination of lithium at trace level concentrations
- Application to a tracer experiment in a high-mountain lake. U Nickus,
H. Thies, Journal of Chromatography A, 920:201-204, 2001.
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Kaolinite exchange between a stream and streambed: laboratory experiments
and validation of a colloid transport model. AI Packman, NH Brooks, JJ
Morgan, Water Resources Research, 36(8): 2363-2372, doi:
10.1029/2000WR900058, 2000.
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Hydrologic variability of small Northern Michigan Lakes measured by the
addition of tracers. JJ Cole, ML Pace, Ecosystems, 1:310-320,
1998.
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Aquatic Effects
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Toxicity of lithium to three freshwater organisms and the antagonistic
effect of sodium. LA Kszos, JJ Beauchamp, AJ Stewart, Ecotoxicology,
12:427-437, 2003.
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Review of lithium in the aquatic environment: distribution in the United
States, Toxicity and case example of groundwater contamination. LA Kszos,
AJ Stewart, Ecotoxicology, 12:439-447, 2003.
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Toxicological and ecotoxicological assessment of water tracers. H Behrens,
U Beims, H Dieter, G Dietze, T Eikmann, T Grummt, H Hanisch, H Henseling,
W Käß, H Kerndorff, C Leibundgut, U Müller-Wegener, I Rönnefahrt, B
Scharenberg, R Schleyer, W Schloz, and F Tilkes, Hydrogeology Journal,
9:321-325, 2001.
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Caution on using lithium (Li+) as a conservative tracer in hydrological
studies. AJ Stewart, LA Kszos, Liminology and Oceanography,
41(1): 190-191, 1996.
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Using lithium (Li+) as a conservative tracer does not prevent algal uptake
of phosphate in an acid mine drainage stream (Reply to the Comment by
Stewart and Kszos). CM Tate, DM McKnight, RE Broshears, Liminology and
Oceanography, 41(1): 191-192, 1996.
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Commercial Product Information
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The US Geological Survey does NOT endorse or recommend commercial products.
The following is provided ONLY for identification and information purposes.
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Morre-Tec
New Jersey
908-688-9009
http://www.morretec.com/
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FMC Corporation
Lithium Division
2801 Yorkmont Rd Ste 300
Charlotte, NC 28208
888-lithium
FAX: 704-868-5370
http://www.fmclithium.com/
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International Chemical Safety Cards
http://www.msdsonline.com/
http://www.msds.com/
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Stewart Rounds, SMIG coordinator
<sarounds@usgs.gov>
U.S. Geological Survey
http://smig.usgs.gov/SMIG/lithium_reader.html
Last modified Wednesday, 21-Nov-2007 12:58:08 EST
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