UNITED STATES
DISTRICT
COURT
SOUTHERN
DISTRICT
OF
NEW
YORK
------------------------------------X
PATRICK CARIOU,
Plaintiff,
USDCSDNY
DOCUME1't~
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DOC#:
DATE
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-against
08
Civ.
11327
(DAB)
MEMORANDUM
&
ORDER
RICHARD PRINCE,
GAGOSIAN
GALLERY,
INC.,
LAWRENCE
GAGOSIAN,
and
RIZZOLI
INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATIONS,
INC.
Defendants.
------------------------------------x
DEBORAH
A.
BATTS,
United
States
District
Judge.
This
matter
is
now
beforethe
Court
on
cross-motions
for
summary
judgment.
Defendants
Richard
Prince,
Gagosian
Gallery,
Inc.,
and
Lawrence
Gagosian
seek
a
determination
that
their
use
of
Plaintiff's
copyrighted
photographs
was
a
fair
use
under
the
relevant section
ofthe
Copyright
Act,
17
U.S.C.
§§
107(1)-(4),
and
that
Plaintiff's
claim
for
conspiracy
to
violate
his
rights
under
the
Copyright
Act
is
barred
by
law.
1
Plaintiff
seeks
summary
judgment
in his
favor
on
the
issue
of
liability
for
copyright infringement.
For
reasons
detailed
herein,
the
Court
finds
(1)
that
lNamed
Defendant
Rizzoli
International
Publications,
Inc.
was
voluntarily
dismissed
from
this
action
by
stipulation
ofdismissal entered
by
the
Court
on
February
5,
2010.
1
I I
Case 1:08-cv-11327-DAB Document 71 Filed 03/18/11 Page 1 of 38
Defendants'
infringing
use
of
Plaintiff's
copyrighted
photographs
was
not
fair
use under
the
Copyright
Act;
and
(2)
that
Plaintiff's
conspiracy
claim
is
barred
by
law.
Accordingly,
Defendants'
Motion
is
GRANTED
inpart,
and
Plaintiff's
Motion
is
GRANTED
in
its
entirety.
I.
BACKGROUND
Familiarity
with the
affidavits,
declarations,
deposition
transcripts,
and
other
evidence
before the
Court
is
assumed,
and
the
undisputed
facts
are
set
forth
here
only
briefly.
Plaintiff
Patrick
Cariou
("Plaintiff"
or
"Cariou")
is
a
professional
photographer.
PC
Tr.
45-46,
279-80.
2
Cariou
spent
time
with
Rastafarians
in
Jamaica
over
the
course
of
some
six
years,
gaining
their
trust
and
taking
theirportraits.
PC
Tr.
34
48.
In
2000,
Cariou
published
a
book
of
photographs
which were
takenduring
his
time
in
Jamaica.
Brooks
Decl.
Ex.
L.The
book,
titled
Yes,
Rasta
and
released
by
PowerHouse
Books
("Yes,
Rasta"),contained both
portraits
of
Rastafarian individuals
(and
others)
in
Jamaica
and
landscape photostaken
by
Cariou
in
2"PC.
Tr.,"
used
herein,
refers
to
the
transcript
of
Patrick
Cariou's deposition
testimony.
"RP
Tr.,"
"CC
Tr.,"
"LG
Tr."
and
"AM
Tr."
refer
to
the
deposition
transcripts
of
Richard
Prince,
Christiane
CelIe,
Lawrence
Gagosian,
and
Alison
McDonald,
respectively.
Similarly,
"RP.
Aff."
refers
to
the
affidavitfiled
by
Richard
Prince.
2
Case 1:08-cv-11327-DAB Document 71 Filed 03/18/11 Page 2 of 38
Jamaica.
3
Id.
Cariou
testified
at
length
about
the
creative
choices
he
made
in
determining
which
equipment
to
use
in
taking
his
photos,
the
staging
choices
he
made
when
composing
and
taking
individual
photos,
and
the
techniques
and
processes
he
used
(and
directed
others to
use)
when
developing
the
photos.
~,
PC
Tr.
49
66,
133-34, 137-38, 143-44,
152,
169.
Cariou
also
testified
that
he
was
heavily
involved
in
the
layout,
editing,
and
printing
ofthe
Yes,
Rasta
book.
Id.;
PC
Tr.
at
180-208.According
to
the
colophon
page
included
in
Yes,
Rasta,
Cariou
is
the
sole
copyright holder
in
the
images
that
appear
in
Yes,
Rasta.
Brooks
Decl.
Ex. L.
Defendant
Richard
Prince
("Prince")
is
a
well-known
"appropriation
artist"
who
has
shown
at
numerous
museums
and
other
institutions,
including
a
solo
show
at
the
Guggenheim
Museum
in
New
York
City.
RP
Aff.
~~
3,
5.
Defendant Gagosian
Gallery, Inc.
(the "Gallery")
is
an
art
dealer
and
gallery
which
represents
Prince
and
markets
the
artworks
he
creates.
LG
Tr.
22
25;
RP
Tr.
270, 294.
Defendant
Lawrence
Gagosian ("Gagosian";
collectively
withtheGallery, the
"Gagosian
Defendants")
is
the
3The
portraits
and
landscape photographs
Cariou
published
in
Yes,
Rasta
are
collectivelyreferred
to herein
as
the
"Photos,"
"Cariou's
Photos,"
or
the
"Yes,
Rasta
Photos."
3
Case 1:08-cv-11327-DAB Document 71 Filed 03/18/11 Page 3 of 38
Search History:
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Cariou v. Prince (S.D.N.Y. Mar. 18, 2011)
Court (S.D.N.Y.): use of photos by Richard Prince not a fair use.
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