Tuberculosis
- Topics
- Basic TB Facts
- Treatment
- Testing & Diagnosis
- TB & HIV Coinfection
- Infection Control & Prevention
- Drug-Resistant TB
- TB in Specific Populations
- African-American Community
- Correctional Facility Staff & Inmates
- Table of Contents
- Introduction
- Strengthen TB Information Systems and Program Assessment
- Strengthen TB Environmental Controls and Isolation Practices
- Provide More Comprehensive and Timely Screening and Diagnostic Evaluations
- Develop and Strengthen Contact Investigation Protocols
- Increase HIV Counseling and Testing
- Increase Staff Training
- Strengthen Collaboration Between Health Departments and Jails
- International Travelers
- Pregnancy
- Vaccines & Immunizations
- Laboratory Information
- Research
- TB Epidemiologic Studies Consortium
- Background
- Infrastructure
- Research Projects
- Publications
- Meetings
- Directory
- TBESC Committee Members
- Contact TBESC
- Prospective Evaluation of Immunogenetic and Immunologic Markers for Susceptibility to Tuberculosis Infection and Progression from M. Tuberculosisinfection to active TB
- Zero Tolerance for Pediatric TB
- Models for Incorporating HIV Counseling, Testing, and Referral into Tuberculosis Contact Investigations
- Prevalence of Latent TB Infection Among High Risk Populations in the United States
- Regional Capacity-Building in Low-Incidence Areas
- Use of Network Analysis Methods to Characterize M. tuberculosis Transmission Patterns Among Women and Other High-Risk Populations
- An Analysis of Molecular Epidemiology of Multi-Drug Resistant M. tuberculosisin the United States
- Missed Opportunities for TB Prevention in Foreign-Born Population in the United States and Canada
- New Model for Assessing TB Surveillance and Action Performance and Cost
- Addressing TB Among African Americans in the Southeast: Identifying and Overcoming Barriers to Treatment Adherence for Latent TB Infection and TB Disease
- Assessing the TB Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs, and Practices Among Private Providers Serving Foreign-born Populations at Risk for TB
- Factors Associated with Acceptance of, Adherence to and Toxicity From Treatment for Latent TB Infection and Pilot Study of Treatment for Latent TB Infection Effectiveness
- Culturally Appropriate TB Educational Materials for Leaders and Staff of Hispanic Service Organizations
- Enhancing TB Programs� Capacity for Self-Evaluation: Testing New Tools and Developing an Evaluation Toolkit
- African Refugee Women�s Health Improvement Project
- Evaluation of the TK Medium: A New Rapid Solid Culture System for Tuberculosis
- Evaluation of New Interferon-y Release Assays in the Diagnosis of Latent TB Infection in Health Care Workers
- TB Trials Consortium
- Behavioral & Social Science Research
- TB Epidemiologic Studies Consortium
- Data & Statistics
- Education & Training
- Resources for TB Programs
- Publications & Products
- Fact Sheets
- General
- Fact sheets - Spanish
- TB - General Information
- The Difference Between Latent TB Infection and Active TB Disease
- A Global Perspective on TB
- Tuberculosis Information for Employers in Non-Healthcare Settings
- Tuberculosis Information for International Travelers
- TB Can Be Treated
- Exposure to TB
- TB and HIV/AIDS
- You Can Prevent TB
- Testing for TB
- Tuberculosis: informaci�n general
- Diferencia entre la infecci�n de tuberculosis latente y enfermedad de tuberculosis activa
- Informaci�n sobre la tuberculosis para los viajeros internacionales
- Exposición a la tuberculosis
- Usted puede prevenir la tuberculosis
- La tuberculosis puede ser tratada
- Tuberculosis y VIH/SIDA
- Usted puede prevenir la tuberculosis
- Pruebas para detectar la tuberculosis
- Data & Statistics
- A Global Perspective on TB
- Trends in Tuberculosis – United States
- The Revised Report of Verified Case of Tuberculosis
- The National Tuberculosis Indicators Project (NTIP)
- National Tuberculosis Indicators Project (NTIP): Frequently Asked Questions
- TB Genotyping
- TB Genotyping Information Management System (TB-GIMS)
- Drug-Resistant TB
- Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR TB)
- Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (XDR TB)
- CDC’s Role in Preventing Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (XDR TB)
- Tuberculosis multirresistente (MDR)
- Tuberculosis extremadamente resistente (XDR)
- El papel de los CDC en la prevenci�n de la tuberculosis extremadamente resistente (XDR)
- Infection Control & Prevention
- TB in Specific Populations
- Tuberculosis Information for Employers in Non-Healthcare Settings
- Tuberculosis in Minorities
- Tuberculosis Information for International Travelers
- TB and HIV/AIDS
- Recommendations for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Screening in Tuberculosis (TB) Clinics
- Treatment of Drug-Susceptible Tuberculosis Disease in HIV-Infected Persons
- Tuberculosis in Blacks
- Tuberculosis and Pregnancy
- Tuberculosis y embarazo
- Treatment
- TB Can Be Treated
- Treatment of Latent TB Infection
- Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection: Maximizing Adherence
- Treatment Options for Latent Tuberculosis Infection
- Treatment of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis
- Treatment of Drug-Susceptible Tuberculosis Disease in Persons Not Infected with HIV
- Treatment of Drug-Susceptible Tuberculosis Disease in HIV-Infected Persons
- Tratamiento de la infecci�n de tuberculosis latente
- Testing & Diagnosis
- TB Can Be Treated
- Testing for TB
- Recommendations for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Screening in Tuberculosis (TB) Clinics
- QuantiFERON®-TB Gold Test
- Tuberculin Skin Testing
- Diagnosis of Tuberculosis Disease
- Targeted Tuberculin Testing and Interpreting Tuberculin Skin Test Results
- Prueba de QuantiFERON�-TB Gold
- Prueba cutánea de la tuberculina
- Diagnóstico de la tuberculosis activa
- Vaccines & Immunizations
- General
- Guidelines
- Guides & Toolkits
- Newsletters
- Pamphlets, Brochures, Booklets
- PDA Application
- Posters
- Reports & Articles
- Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Reports (MMWRs)
- Contact Investigations
- Control and Elimination
- Data & Statistics
- Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis
- Infection Control & Prevention
- Laboratory
- TB in Specific Populations
- Foreign-Born
- High-Risk Settings
- Homeless
- International
- Occupational Groups
- Travel
- TB & HIV
- Testing & Diagnosis
- Treatment
- LTBI Updates
- Vaccines & Immunizations
- World TB Day
- DTBE Authored Journal Articles
- Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Reports (MMWRs)
- Slide Sets
- Guidelines for Preventing the Transmission of M. TB in Health care Settings
- Investigation of Contacts of Persons with Infectious TB
- Text-Only version
- Introduction
- Decisions to Initiate a Contact Investigation
- Investigating the Index Patient and Sites of Transmission
- Assigning Priorities to Contacts
- Diagnostic and Public Health Evaluation of Contacts
- Medical Treatment for Contacts with LTBI
- When to Expand a Contact Investigation
- Communicating Through the News Media
- Data Management and Evaluation of Contact Investigations
- Confidentiality and Consent in Contact Investigations
- Staff Training for Contact Investigations
- Contact Investigations in Special Circumstances
- Source-Case Investigations
- Cultural Competency and Social Network Analysis
- Resources
- Epidemiology of Pediatric Tuberculosis in the United States
- Text-Only version
- Introduction
- Pediatric TB Cases by Age and Race
- Pediatric TB Cases by Origin of Birth
- Pediatric Cases, Percentages and Rates by States
- Pediatric TB Cases by Case Verification Criterion and Site of Disease
- Pediatric TB Cases in Specific Groups
- Pediatric TB Cases Case Completion
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- Slide 5
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- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Treatment of TB
- Targeted Tuberculin Testing and Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection
- Videos, DVDs, CD Roms
- Podcasts
- Web-Based Courses & Webinars
- Fact Sheets
- Events
- Links
- About Us
- Mission Statement and Activities
- Organization Chart
- Advisory Groups
- Federal TB Task Force
- Table of Contents
- Executive Summary
- Introduction
- Chronology in the Development of This Report
- Strategies for Maintaining Control of TB
- Strategies for Accelerating the Decline of TB
- Activities for Developing New Tools
- Global U.S. Actions
- Assessing the Impact of Actions Taken
- Federal TB Task Force Members and Others Involved in the Development of This Report
- Glossary
- References
- Federal TB Task Force Roster
- Table of Contents
- Executive Summary
- Introduction
- How to Eliminate TB? – The IOM Report
- Why Eliminate TB? – Rationale for Elimination
- Who Will Lead? – CDC's Response
- Goal I: Maintain control of TB
- Goal II: Accelerate the decline
- Goal III: Create new tools
- Goal IV: Reduce the global burden of TB
- Goal V: Summon and sustain support
- Goal VI: Track progress
- References
- Federal TB Task Force
- Funding
Hojas informativas
Tuberculosis y embarazo
Introducción
Para una mujer embarazada y su criatura, la tuberculosis no tratada constituye un riesgo mayor que el propio tratamiento. Las mujeres embarazadas deben comenzar a tratarse cuando su probabilidad de tener tuberculosis sea de moderada a elevada. Los bebés que nacen de mujeres con tuberculosis no tratada pueden pesar menos que los que nacen de mujeres que no tienen tuberculosis y, en ocasiones inusuales, algunos bebés pueden nacer con tuberculosis. Si bien los medicamentos que se utilizan en el tratamiento inicial de la tuberculosis atraviesan la placenta, no parecen causar efectos dañinos en el feto.
Pruebas
La prueba cutánea de la tuberculina es considerada válida y segura para su aplicación durante todo el embarazo. La prueba especial de sangre para detectar la tuberculosis también es segura durante el embarazo, pero no ha sido evaluada como método para diagnosticar la infección por M. tuberculosis en mujeres embarazadas. Es necesario realizar otras pruebas para determinar si una persona tiene tuberculosis activa.
Tratamiento
Infección de tuberculosis latente: El tratamiento de elección contra la infección de tuberculosis latente en las mujeres embarazadas consiste en la administración de isoniacida ya sea todos los días o dos veces a la semana, durante 9 meses. Las mujeres que toman isoniacida también deben tomar suplementos de piridoxina (vitamina B6).
Tuberculosis activa: Las mujeres embarazadas deben comenzar a recibir tratamiento tan pronto como se sospeche que están enfermas de tuberculosis. El tratamiento de elección inicial consiste en la administración diaria de isoniacida, rifampina y etambutol en forma diaria durante 2 meses, seguido de isoniacida y rifampina diariamente o dos veces a la semana durante 7 meses, para un total de 9 meses de tratamiento. No debe administrarse estreptomicina, porque se ha demostrado que tiene efectos nocivos en el feto. En la mayoría de los casos no se recomienda la piracinamida, porque se desconocen los efectos que pueda producir en el feto.
Infección por el VIH: Las mujeres infectadas por el VIH que están embarazadas y que se sospecha están enfermas de tuberculosis deben recibir tratamiento inmediato. Los tratamientos para la tuberculosis en mujeres embarazadas infectadas por el VIH deben incluir rifamicina. Pese a que el uso habitual de la piracinamida durante el embarazo no se recomienda en los Estados Unidos, los beneficios de un tratamiento con piracinamida en mujeres embarazadas infectadas por el VIH que tienen tuberculosis superan los riesgos posibles e indeterminados para el feto.
Contraindicaciones
Los medicamentos antituberculosos que se mencionan a continuación están contraindicados en las mujeres embarazadas:
- estreptomicina
- canamicina
- amicacina
- capreomicina
- fluoroquinolonas
Las mujeres que se tratan contra la tuberculosis resistente deben recibir orientación sobre el riesgo que enfrenta su criatura, dados los riesgos conocidos y desconocidos de los medicamentos contra la tuberculosis de segunda línea.
Lactancia materna
No se debe desaconsejar la lactancia materna en las mujeres que reciben medicamentos contra la tuberculosis de primera línea, ya que las concentraciones de estos medicamentos en la leche materna son muy pequeñas como para producir toxicidad en el recién nacido lactante. Por la misma razón, los medicamentos que están presentes en la leche materna no constituyen un tratamiento eficaz para un bebé enfermo de tuberculosis o con la infección de tuberculosis latente. Las mujeres lactantes que toman isoniacida también deben tomar suplementos de piridoxina (vitamina B6).
Para obtener más información (en inglés)
CDC. Treatment of tuberculosis. MMWR 2003; 52 (No. RR-11).
Errata
American Thoracic Society/CDC. Targeted tuberculin testing and treatment of latent TB infection
. (PDF) MMWR 2000: 49(No. RR-6)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Guidelines for using the QuantiFERON®-TB Gold test for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, United States. (PDF) MMWR
2005; 54 (No. RR-15).
Versin en espaol aprobada por CDC Multilingual Services – Order #6037
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Contact Us:
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Division of Tuberculosis Elimination (DTBE)
1600 Clifton Rd., NE
MS E10
Atlanta, GA 30333 - 800-CDC-INFO
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