![Click here for figure 1 of PIA11656](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20090827000954im_/http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/figures/PIA11656_fig1_thumb.jpg)
Figure 1
Never-before-seen tall vertical structures created by Saturn's moon
Daphnis rise above the planet's otherwise flat, thin disk of rings to cast
long shadows in this Cassini image.
Daphnis, 8 kilometers (5 miles) across, occupies an inclined orbit within
the 42-kilometer (26-mile) wide Keeler Gap in Saturn's outer A ring.
Recent analyses by imaging scientists published in the Astronomical
Journal illustrate how the moon's gravitational pull perturbs the orbits
of the particles forming the gap's edge and sculpts the edge into waves
having both vertical and horizontal components.
Measurements of the shadows in this and other images indicate that the
vertical structures range between one-half to 1.5 kilometers tall (about
one-third to one mile), making them as much as 150 times as high as the
ring is thick. The main A, B and C rings are only about 10 meters (about
30 feet) thick. Daphnis itself can be seen casting a shadow onto the
nearby ring.
A second version of the image that has been magnified to six times its
original size and cropped is also shown.
This image of shadows on the rings and others like it (see PIA11653 and PIA11655)
are only possible around the time of Saturn's equinox which occurs every
half-Saturn-year, equivalent to about 15 Earth years. The illumination
geometry that accompanies equinox lowers the sun's angle to the ringplane
and causes out-of-plane structures to cast long shadows across the rings.
This view looks toward the unilluminated side of the rings from about 49
degrees above the ringplane. The image was taken in visible light with the
Cassini spacecraft narrow-angle camera on April 13, 2009. The view was
obtained at a distance of approximately 1.2 million kilometers (746,000
miles) from Daphnis and at a Sun-Daphnis-spacecraft, or phase, angle of 56
degrees. Image scale is 7 kilometers (5 miles) per pixel.
The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European
Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages
the mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. The
Cassini orbiter and its two onboard cameras were designed, developed and
assembled at JPL. The imaging operations center is based at the Space
Science Institute in Boulder, Colo.
For more information about the Cassini-Huygens mission visit
http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/. The Cassini imaging team
homepage is at http://ciclops.org.