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HIV/AIDS Surveillance in Women
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Slide 1: Estimated Numbers and Percentages* of AIDS Cases among Female Adults and Adolescents 1985–2007—United States and Dependent Areas The percentage of AIDS cases among female adults and adolescents (age ≥13 years) increased from 7% in 1985 to 27% in 2007. AIDS incidence among female adults and adolescents rose steadily through 1993, when the AIDS surveillance case definition was expanded, and leveled off at approximately 13,000 AIDS cases each year from 1993 through 1996. In 1996, incidence among women and adolescent girls began to decline, primarily because of the success of antiretroviral therapies. Cases have leveled since 2000. The data have been adjusted for reporting delays.
Slide 1
Estimated Numbers and Percentages* of AIDS Cases among Female Adults and Adolescents 1985–2007—United States and Dependent Areas
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Slide 2: Estimated Numbers of AIDS Cases and Rates for Female Adults and Adolescents, by Race/Ethnicity 2007—50 States and DC For female adults and adolescents, in 2007 the AIDS diagnosis rate (AIDS cases per 100,000) for black/African American females (39.8) was 22 times as high as the rate for white females (1.8). The estimated number of AIDS cases diagnosed among females in 2007 was similar for Hispanics/Latino and white females; however, the rate for Hispanics/Latino females (8.9) was nearly 5 times as high as the rate for white females. Relatively few cases were diagnosed among Asian, American Indian/Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander females, although the rate for American Indian/Alaska Native females (5.0) was nearly 3 times as high as the rate for white females. The data have been adjusted for reporting delays. Asian/Pacific Islander legacy cases are cases that were collected under the old race/ethnicity classification system. Asian/Pacific Islander legacy cases are included in the totals for Asians. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.
Slide 2
Estimated Numbers of AIDS Cases and Rates for Female Adults and Adolescents, by Race/Ethnicity 2007—50 States and DC
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Slide 3: Percentages of AIDS Cases among Female Adults and Adolescents, by Transmission Category and Age at Diagnosis 2007—United States and Dependent Areas Most of the AIDS cases diagnosed in 2007 among females age 13 years or older were attributed to high-risk heterosexual contact. Of AIDS cases among women age 35 years and older, 28% were attributed to injection drug use, compared with 8% of cases in females age 13-19 years, 12% in women age 20-24 years, 18% in women age 25-34, and 25% in women age 35-44 years. Among females age 13-19 years, 43% were exposed to HIV through perinatal transmission, and are included in the “other/not identified” transmission category. The data have been adjusted for reporting delays and missing risk-factor information.
Slide 3
Percentages of AIDS Cases among Female Adults and Adolescents, by Transmission Category and Age at Diagnosis 2007—United States and Dependent Areas
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Slide 4: AIDS Rates for Female Adults and Adolescents Reported in 2007—United States and Dependent Areas Rates of reported AIDS cases (per 100,000 population) among female adults and adolescents are shown for each state, the District of Columbia, and for U.S. dependent areas. The highest rates were found in the District of Columbia, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Maryland, New York, and Florida. Rates were lowest in states in the Midwest. The District of Columbia is a metropolitan area, use caution when comparing its AIDS rate to state AIDS rates. Rates were not calculated for states reporting fewer than 5 AIDS cases in females in 2007.
Slide 4
AIDS Rates for Female Adults and Adolescents Reported in 2007—United States and Dependent Areas
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Slide 5: AIDS Cases among Female Adults and Adolescents Attributed to Injection Drug Use or High-Risk Heterosexual Contact, by Region, 2003–2007—50 States and DC From 2003 through 2007, an estimated 48,104 AIDS cases diagnosed among female adults and adolescents were attributed to either injection drug use or high-risk heterosexual contact. High-risk heterosexual contact accounted for the majority of AIDS cases among females, particularly in the South. Most AIDS cases were among female adults and adolescents who reside in the South and Northeast regions. Data have been adjusted for reporting delays and missing risk-factor information. Regions of residence are defined as follows: Northeast—Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont Midwest—Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, Wisconsin South—Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia West—Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming
Slide 5
AIDS Cases among Female Adults and Adolescents Attributed to Injection Drug Use or High-Risk Heterosexual Contact, by Region, 2003–2007—50 States and DC
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Slide 6: Reported AIDS Cases among Female Adults and Adolescents, by Region and Race/Ethnicity, 2007—50 States and DC Most reported AIDS cases among female adults and adolescents were among those who resided in the South and the Northeast. The majority of cases were among black/African American female adults and adolescents in the South, Northeast, and Midwest regions. In the West, there was less disparity in the AIDS case counts among black/African American, Hispanic/Latino, and white female adults and adolescents. Data are not shown for Asian, American Indian/Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander female adults and adolescents because the numbers reported in 2007, when stratified by region of residence, were small. Regions of residence are defined as follows: Northeast—Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont Midwest—Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, Wisconsin South—Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia West—Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming
Slide 6
Reported AIDS Cases among Female Adults and Adolescents, by Region and Race/Ethnicity, 2007—50 States and DC
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Slide 7: Female Adults and Adolescents 15 to 44 Years of Age Reported to be Living with HIV Infection (not AIDS), 2007—47 States the District of Columbia and 5 U.S. Dependent Areas N=56,235* In 2007, there were 56,235 female adults and adolescents 15 to 44 years of age reported to be living with HIV infection (not AIDS) in the 47 states, the District of Columbia, and 5 U.S. dependent areas with confidential name-based HIV infection reporting. These women are of childbearing age and in the years of highest fertility. In most states with HIV surveillance, the number of reported HIV infected female adults and adolescents who have not progressed to AIDS exceeds the number of female adults and adolescents with AIDS (see slide 8). Together these numbers indicate the burden of HIV and the number of persons in need of HIV-related medical and social services for themselves and to prevent transmission of HIV to their children. States with integrated HIV and AIDS surveillance data may be better able to target programs and services to reduce transmission to newborns. The numbers presented here are an underestimate of female adults and adolescents living with HIV. There may be many infected females who have not been tested or not reported in areas with relatively new HIV infection surveillance systems. In 2007, the District of Columbia and the following 47 states and 5 US dependent areas conducted HIV case surveillance and reported cases of HIV infection in adults, adolescents, and children to CDC: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming, American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
Slide 7
Female Adults and Adolescents 15 to 44 Years of Age Reported to be Living with HIV Infection (not AIDS), 2007—47 States the District of Columbia and 5 U.S. Dependent Areas N=56,235*
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Slide 8: Female Adults and Adolescents 15 to 44 Years of Age Reported to be Living with AIDS, 2007—United States and Dependent Areas N=53,377* In 2007, there were 53,377 female adults and adolescents 15 to 44 years of age reported to be living with AIDS in the United States and dependent areas. These women are of childbearing age and in the years of highest fertility. In most states with HIV surveillance, the number of reported HIV infected female adults and adolescents who have not progressed to AIDS exceeds the number of female adults and adolescents with AIDS (see slide 7). Together these numbers indicate the burden of HIV and the number of persons in need of HIV-related medical and social services for themselves and to prevent transmission of HIV to their children. States with integrated HIV and AIDS surveillance data may be better able to target programs and services to reduce transmission to newborns.
Slide 8
Female Adults and Adolescents 15 to 44 Years of Age Reported to be Living with AIDS, 2007—United States and Dependent Areas N=53,377*
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Slide 9: Percentages of HIV/AIDS Cases among Female Adults and Adolescents, by Transmission Category, 2007—34 States Among female adults and adolescents diagnosed with HIV/AIDS in 2007, 83% of the 10,977 HIV/AIDS cases were attributed to high-risk heterosexual contact, 16% to injection drug use and 1% to other or unidentified risk factors. The following 34 states have had laws or regulations requiring confidential name-based HIV infection surveillance since at least 2003: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. Data have been adjusted for reporting delays and missing risk-factor information.
Slide 9
Percentages of HIV/AIDS Cases among Female Adults and Adolescents, by Transmission Category, 2007—34 States
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Slide 10: Percentages of HIV/AIDS Cases and Population among Female Adults and Adolescents, by Race/Ethnicity, 2007—34 States The pie chart on the left illustrates the distribution of HIV/AIDS cases diagnosed among female adults and adolescents in 2007 in 34 states by racial/ethnic group. The pie chart on the right shows the distribution of the female population of the 34 states in 2007. In 2007, black/African American females made up 14% of the female population but accounted for 66% of HIV/AIDS cases among females. Hispanic/Latino females made up 11% of the female population but accounted for 14% of HIV/AIDS cases among females. White females made up 70% of the female adult and adolescent population but accounted for 18% of HIV/AIDS cases among females. The following 34 states have had laws or regulations requiring confidential name-based HIV infection surveillance since at least 2003: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. The data have been adjusted for reporting delays. Asian/Pacific Islander legacy cases are cases that were collected under the old race/ethnicity classification system. Asian/Pacific Islander legacy cases are included in the totals for Asians. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.
Slide 10
Percentages of HIV/AIDS Cases and Population among Female Adults and Adolescents, by Race/Ethnicity, 2007—34 States
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Slide 11: Percentages of HIV/AIDS Cases among Female Adults and Adolescents, by Transmission Category and Age at Diagnosis, 2007—34 States The majority of HIV/AIDS cases diagnosed in 2007 among females age 13 years or older were attributed to high-risk heterosexual contact. Twenty percent of cases among women age 45 years and older were attributed to injection drug use, compared with 12% of cases in females age 13–19 years, 11% in women age 20–24 years, 15% in women age 25-34 years, and 17% in women age 35-44 years. The following 34 states have had laws or regulations requiring confidential name-based HIV infection surveillance since at least 2003: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. The data have been adjusted for reporting delays and missing risk-factor information.
Slide 11
Percentages of HIV/AIDS Cases among Female Adults and Adolescents, by Transmission Category and Age at Diagnosis, 2007—34 States
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Slide 12: Diagnosis Rates of HIV/AIDS for Female Adults and Adolescents, 2007—34 States In the 34 states with confidential name-based HIV infection reporting, the diagnosis rate of HIV/AIDS among female adults and adolescents was 12.9 per 100,000 population in 2007. The rate for female adults and adolescents diagnosed with HIV/AIDS ranged from zero per 100,000 in North Dakota to 28.3 per 100,000 in Florida. The following 34 states have had laws or regulations requiring confidential name-based HIV infection surveillance since at least 2003: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. The data have been adjusted for reporting delays.
Slide 12
Diagnosis Rates of HIV/AIDS for Female Adults and Adolescents, 2007—34 States
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Slide 13: Estimated Numbers of HIV/AIDS Cases and Rates for Female Adults and Adolescents, by Race/Ethnicity, 2007—50 States and DC This slide shows diagnosis rates for HIV/AIDS cases among female adults and adolescents residing in 34 states with confidential name-based HIV infection surveillance. For female adults and adolescents, the rate (HIV/AIDS cases per 100,000) for blacks/African Americans (60.6) was nearly 20 times as high as the rate for white females (3.3) and nearly 4 times as high as the rate for Hispanic/Latino females (16.0). Relatively few cases were diagnosed among Asian, American Indian/Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander females, although the rates for these groups were higher than the rate for white females. The following 34 states have had laws or regulations requiring confidential name-based HIV infection reporting since at least 2003: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. The data have been adjusted for reporting delays.
Slide 13
Estimated Numbers of HIV/AIDS Cases and Rates for Female Adults and Adolescents, by Race/Ethnicity, 2007—50 States and DC
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Last Modified: May 5, 2009
Last Reviewed: May 5, 2009
Content Source:
Divisions of HIV/AIDS Prevention
National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention
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