Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
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Infants | Children | Teens | Adults | Reference | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Surface area: body mass ratio (m2/kg)* | Newborn 0.067 | Young child 0.047 | Older child 0.033 | Adult 0.025 | Silvaggio and Mattison (1993) |
Respiratory ventilation rates | Infant | - | - | Adult | Silvaggio and Mattison (1993) |
Respiratory volume (mL/kg/breath)† | 10 | - | - | 2 | |
Alveolar surface area (m2)‡ |
3 | - | - | 10 | |
Respiration rate (breaths/min)§ | 40 | - | - | 75 | |
Respiratory minute ventilation rate¶ | 133 | - | 2 | ||
Drinking water (tap) | <1 year | 1-10 years | 11-19 years | 20-64 years | Snodgrass (1992) |
Mean intake (mL/kg/day)** | 43.5 | 35.5 | 18.2 | 19.9 | |
Fruit consumption (g/kg/day)†† | <1 year | 3-5 years | 12-19 years | 40-69 years | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1997a) |
Citrus fruits | 1.9 | 2.6 | 1.1 | 0.9 | |
Other fruits (including apples) | 12.9 | 5.8 | 1.1 | 1.3 | |
Apples | 5.0 | 3.0 | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
Soil ingestion (mg/day)‡‡ | - | 5,000§§ | - | Adult | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1997b) |
Pica child | - | 2.5 years | - | - | |
Outdoor | - | 50 | - | 20¶¶ | |
Indoor | - | 60 | - | 0.4 | |
Differences in gastrointestinal absorption of lead | 0-2 years | 2-6 years | - | Adult | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1997c) |
42%-53% | 30%-40% | - | 7%-15% | ||
6-7 years 18%-24% | |||||
Adapted from Selevan et al. (2000). *Square meters per kilogram. †Milliliters per kilogram per breath. ‡Per square meter. §Breaths per minute. ¶Milliliters per kilogram body weight per square meter lung surface area per minute. **Milliliters per kilogram per day. ††Grams per kilogram per day. ‡‡Milligrams per day. §§ATSDR (2001a). ¶¶Gardening for adults. |