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Index
A | B
| C | D | E
| F | G | H
| I | J | K
| L | M | N | O
| P
| Q | R | S
|
T | U
| V | W | X | Y
| Z
A
Accessibility to transportation. See Mobility and accessibility
Accidents, 6. See also Crashes; Fatalities; Injuries
aviation, 24–25
data collection, 24–25
aerospace industry, 129–130
Age
as a factor in bicycle fatalities, 160–162
as a factor in household transportation spending, 200–202
Agricultural goods in international trade, 214–215
Air bags in automobile crashes, 152–154
Air freight, 215
capacity and bottleneck measures, 100
carriers, 91–92
domestic air cargo, 93–95
excess capacity, 94
increase in ton-miles, 66
intermodal freight capacity, 98–101
international trade, 215–217
nonscheduled service, 94
short-haul air shipments, 93–95
tonnage, 94
Air freight. See Freight
Air pollution, 8, 85–86, 241–243, 255–256
greenhouse gas emissions, 238–240
Air transportation, 36, 67
accidents, 24–25, 165–167
fatality rates, 143–145
air taxis, 165–167
aircraft, 36
bombs on commercial aircraft, 115
manufacturing, 6, 129–130
airfares, 68
airline data, 27–28
airplane manufacturing, 6
certificated air carriers, 36
Civil Reserve Air Fleet (CRAF), 122
commercial airline accidents, 7
data collection, 27–28
discount airlines, 75
energy use, 234–235
fatal accidents, 168
flight delays, 66, 87–90
fuel cost per dollar of net output, 198–199
general aviation
fatal accidents, 144–145, 168–169
growth, 75–77
hijackings, 114–115
information technology, 35
labor productivity, 195–196
on-time performance, 5, 66, 87–90
passenger screening, 109
revenues and expenditures, 203–209
security, 101–111
terrorism, 65, 89, 107–111, 114–115
transportation-related employment, 190–192
Airborne toxins, 112–113
Airlines. See Air transportation
Airports, 36
certificated, 35
commercial, 4, 7
enplanements, 75–77
flight delays at, 89
runway conditions, 54–55
runway expansion projects, 55
impacts on wetlands, 253
security, 115
Alcohol-related accidents and crashes
bicyclists, 161
motor vehicle crashes,149–151
pedestrian fatalities, 163–164
recreational boating accidents, 172–173
Alternate fuels, 229–231
Americans with Disabilities Act, 78–79
Amtrak, 5, 37, 111, 205
energy intensity, 234
Anthrax, 180
Arizona, 220
Automatic vehicle identification systems
Heavy Vehicle Electronic License Plate (HELP), 104
PrePass, 103–104
Automobiles
energy use, 234–235
fuel efficiency, 236–237
household transportation spending, 200–202
households without vehicles, 83–84
in U.S. vehicle fleet, 43
passenger cars, 36
vehicle-miles of travel, 69–70
Aviation. See Air transportation; Airports
Aviation and Transportation Security Act, 109
B
BAC. See Blood alcohol concentration
Baggage checks, 115
Baltimore, MD, 216
enplanements, 75
magnetic levitation rail project, 44–45
Baltimore-Washington International Airport, 75
Bicyclists, 160–162
accidents, 146, 160–162 alcohol use, 161
Blood alcohol concentration (BAC), 149–151
Bombs on commercial aircraft, 115
Border crossings, 74
illegal immigrant smuggling and interdiction, 125–126
in international trade, 214–215
North American Free Trade Agreement, 218–220
Bridges
conditions, 59–61
obsolete or deficient, 60
BTS. See Bureau of Transportation Statistics
Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS), 3, 14, 17, 25–31
data collection, 27
data systems coordination, 25–26
geographic information systems, 26
National Transportation Library (NTL), 26
Office of Airline Information, 27
Office of Motor Carrier Information, 28
publications, 29
safety data, 26
Safety Data Initiative, 24
TranStats, 26
Bus transportation
access for persons with disabilities, 66, 78–79
energy use, 234–235
fares, 68
intercity bus fares, 68
ridership, 82
terrorist attacks, 110
vehicle-miles of travel, 69
C
CAFE. See Corporate Average Fuel Economy
California, 69, 220
border crossings, 74
magnetic levitation rail projects, 45 Port of Los Angeles, 96
Canada, 72–74, 134–135, 214–215, 218–220
NAFTA trade, 188
Capital improvements
highway capital stocks, 212–213
ports, 51–52
Car crashes. See Crashes
Carbon dioxide, 238–240
Carbon monoxide, 225, 231, 238–243
Cargo at U.S. ports, 51–52
Cars. See Automobiles
Cell phone use in accidents, 155–157
Census Bureau. See U.S. Census Bureau
Certificated air carriers, 36. See also Air transportation
energy use, 234–235
Certificated airports, 35
CFS. See Commodity Flow Survey
Channel depth, 96–97
Charleston, SC, port, 96
Chicago Transit Authority, 79
Child safety seats, 143, 153–154
China. See People’s Republic of China (for mainland China) or Republic of China (for Taiwan)
Civil Reserve Air Fleet (CRAF), 122
Clean Air Act, 225–226, 255–256
Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, 230–231
Clean Water Act, 253–254
Collisions. See Accidents
Colombia, 73, 135, 215, 217
Cano Limon oil pipeline, 109
Combustible liquids. See Hazardous materials
Commercial aviation. See Air transportation
Commercial vehicle operations
and intelligent transportation systems (ITS), 103
hazardous materials transportation security, 119–120
Heavy Vehicle Electronic License Plate (HELP), 104
intelligent transportation systems (ITS), 103
PrePass system, 103–104
Commodity Flow Survey (CFS), 17, 21, 27
Commuter rail, 46–47
accident fatality rates, 144
ridership, 82
Commuting to work, 80–81
Compressed natural gas, 230–231
Congestion
impact on accessibility, 66
in metropolitan areas, 85–86
Consumerprices for transportation, 197
Container trade, 5, 96–97
containers on flatcars, 102
Contaminated sediments. See Dredging
Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE), 236–237
Corpus Christi, TX ports, 52, 101, 117
Costs and benefits of data collection, 17–18, 20–21
Crashes. See also Accidents; Fatalities; Injuries
airbags, 152–154
by mode, 141–142
cell phone use, 155–157
data collection, 24–25
fatality rates, 143
airlines, 165–167
highways, 24, 148
front impacts, 146–147
highway, 141–142
alcohol, 149–151
fatality rates, 143–144
run-off-the-road (ROR) accidents, 146
rural highways, 148
single-vehicles, 146–147
two-vehicles, 146–147
types, 146–147
urban highways, 148
large trucks, 144–145, 158–160
rollover, 146–147
safety belts, 7
side impact, 146–147
CRAF. See Civil Reserve Air Fleet
Cuban Adjustment Act, 125–126
D
Data analysis, 13
Data collection, 13–31
accident data, 24
airline data, 27–28
Bureau of Transportation Statistics, 27
comparability, 22
confidentiality, 23
cost-effectiveness, 20–21
costs and benefits, 17–18
estimating passenger-miles of travel, 67
frequency of collection, 21–22
intermodalism, 24
international travel, 73
multimodal solutions, 17–18
omissions, 22, 30
origin-to-destination flows, 14, 17–18
pipeline accidents, 176
safety data, 24
spatial, 14
statistical practices, 30–31
strategies, 18–19
suboptimal data, 20
telephone surveys, 23
traffic data collection, 40
Data gaps, 120
Data systems coordination, 25–26
Data users, 18–19
Death in transportation crashes and accidents. See Fatalities
Demand responsive transit, 37, 78–79
Department of Homeland Security, 72, 109
Department of Transportation. See U.S. Department of Transportation
Detroit, MI, 74, 219
Disabled persons
access to public transit, 78–79
transit bus access, 66
Disposable personal income per capita, 67
Disposal of dredged materials, 247
wetlands, 253–254
Disposal of transportation wastes, 251–252
DOD. See U.S. Department of Defense
DOE. See U.S. Department of Energy
Domestic freight, 48–50, 91–92. See also Freight
air cargo, 93–95
container trade, 96–97
DOT. See U.S. Department of Transportation
Dredging, 8–9, 246–248
contaminated sediments, 225–226, 246–248
disposal of dredged materials, 253–254
Driver information systems, 40
Driver licensing
commercial drivers license, 120
hazardous materials endorsement, 120
numbers of licensed drivers, 66
Drivers cell phone use, 155–157
Drunk driving, 143
E
Economy of the United States
economic slowdown, 65, 72, 187
Gross Domestic Product (GDP), 7, 29, 91–92, 94, 187, 227–228
for-hire transportation industry, 193–194
impact of world crude oil prices, 232–233
transportation demand, 189–190
impact of highway congestion, 85–86
impact of international travel spending, 71–73
role of domestic freight, 91–92
El Paso, TX, 74
Electronic toll collection, 39–40, 103
fixed-route buses, 40
Emergency management
response times, 157
September 11, 2001, 112
vehicles, 40
Employment
for-hire transportation industry, 193–194
transportation-related employment, 190–192
Energy use, 8, 227–228
alternate fuels, 229–231
freight transportation, 234–235
passenger travel, 234–235
Enplanements, 75–77
Environmental impacts, 8, 225, 255–256
air pollution, 8
dredging, 246–248
greenhouse gas emissions, 238–240
highway congestion, 85–86
leaking storage tanks, 249–250
marine environment, 8–9
oil spills, 244–245
wetlands, 253–254
EPA. See U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Ethanol, 229–231
Explosives (transportation security), 119–120
bombs on commercial aircraft, 115
F
FAA. See Federal Aviation Administration
Fatalities, 6. See also Crashes
air carrier accidents, 7, 165–168
alcohol-related, 149–151
bicycle, 160–162
by mode of transportation, 141–144
driver age, 149–151
general aviation, 168–169
hazardous materials, 179–182
highway, 141–142
large truck crashes, 158–160
maritime, 170–171
on fishing vessels, 170–171
pedestrian, 163–164
pipelines, 176–178
rail accidents, 174–175
recreational boating, 141–142, 171–173
Federal-Aid Highway Act, 15
Federal-Aid Highway program, 253–254
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), 15, 16 54, 109, 167, 169
airline delays, 87
general aviation flight hours, 169
National Airspace System (NAS), 87–90
National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems, 54
Safer Skies program, 167
technologies to detect terrorist threats, 115
Federal Aviation Administration Act, 15
Federal Bureau of Investigation, 119–120
Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), 15, 21, 39, 124–125, 146
Highway Performance Monitoring System (HPMS), 69
intelligent transportation systems (ITS), 104
Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration
(FMCSA), 158
hazardous materials transportation, 119–120
Federal Railroad Administration (FRA), 15, 44–45
Federal Ship Financing Program (Merchant Marine Act of 1936), 131–132
Federal Transit Administration (FTA), 46
FHWA. See Federal Highway Administration
Fishing vessels, 170–171
Fixed-route transit vehicles, 40
Flight delays, 5, 66, 87–90
Florida, 69
cell phone use, 156
magnetic levitation rail projects, 45
For-hire transportation, 193–194
Foreign oil. See Oil and petroleum products
Fossil fuels, 8, 225
FRA. See Federal Railroad Administration
Free Trade Agreement of 1989, 187, 218–220
Freight
air freight, 215
air revenue tonnage, 94
capacity and bottleneck measures, 100
carriers, 91–92
domestic air cargo, 93–95
excess capacity, 94
increase in ton-miles, 66
intermodal freight capacity, 98–101
international trade, 215–217
nonscheduled service, 94
short-haul air shipments, 93–95
cargo at U.S. ports, 51–52
domestic, 5, 65, 91–92, 96–97
energy use, 234–235
flows, 92
Freight Analysis Framework, 92<
increase in ton-miles, 66
intermodal freight capacity, 98–101
international trade, 5, 7, 48–52, 187, 214–217
agricultural goods, 214–215
maritime trade, 215–217
merchant marine, 221–222
NAFTA trade, 218–220
oil imports, 134–135
seaport freight capacity and bottleneck measures, 101<
ton-miles per capita, 91–92
Freight Analysis Framework, 92
FTA. See Federal Transit Administration
Fuel consumption
and highway congestion, 85–86
alternative and replacement fuels, 229–231
household spending, 200–202
petroleum, 229
price vs. consumption, 198
Fuel economy, 236–237
Fuel tax revenues, 210–211
G
Gasoline
consumption and highway congestion, 85–86
fuel tax revenues, 210–211
motor fuel tax, 187
prices, 7, 68, 198–199, 232–233
taxes, 203–205
transportation security, 119–120
GDP. See Gross Domestic Product
General aviation
accident fatality rates, 144–145
fatal accidents, 168–169
Geographic information systems, 26
George Bush Intercontinental Airport, 75
Georgia, vehicle-miles traveled, 69
Atlanta, 55
Hartsfield International Airport, 75
Germany, 72–73, 131, 217
GHG. See Greenhouse gas emissions
Global positioning systems (GPS)
intelligent transportation systems, 39–40
Marine Differential GPS (DGPS), 40–41
Government transportation revenues and expenditures, 187, 203–209
highway capital stocks, 212–213
GPS. See Global positioning systems
Grade crossings, fatal accidents at highway-rail grade crossings, 174–175
Great Lakes shipping, 48–50
Greater Cincinnati Airport, 75
Greater Cleveland Rapid Transit Authority, 79
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, 238–243, 255–256. See also specific gases (e.g., carbon monoxide)
Gross Domestic Product (GDP), 7, 29, 91–92, 94, 187, 227–228
for-hire transportation industry, 193–194
impact of world crude oil prices, 232–233
transportation demand, 189–190
Gulf War. See Persian Gulf War
H
Handicapped persons. See Disabled persons
Hartsfield International Airport, 75
Hazardous materials
accidents and incidents, 176–182
combustible liquids, 179–180
environmental impacts, 225
Hazardous Materials Information System, 179–182
security, 119–120
Heavy Vehicle Electronic License Plate, 104
High-speed rail, magnetic levitation rail, 44–45
Highways
2000 highway system data, 36
arterials, 56–58
classification of roadways, 56–58
collectors, 59–60
commuting, 82
congestion in metropolitan areas, 85–86
construction, 42
crashes, 141–142
alcohol, 149–151
crash types, 146–147
fatality rates, 143–144
run-off-the-road crashes, 146–147
rural highways, 148
single-vehicle crashes, 146–147
two-vehicle crashes, 146–147
urban highways, 148
highway capital stocks, 212–213
Highway Trust Fund (HTF), 205, 210–211
lane-miles, 35, 42
rail grade crossings, 174–175
revenues and expenditures, 203–209
road conditions, 56–58
Strategic Highway Network (STRAHNET), 122–124
terrorist attacks, 110
traffic volume and delays around freight facilities, 98–101
use, 69
Hijacking, 6. See also Terrorism
September 11 terrorist attacks, 109–111, 114–115
Highway Performance Monitoring System (HPMS), 69
Hong Kong, 73
Honolulu International Airport, 76
Household transportation spending, 7, 187, 200–202, 232–233
gasoline prices, 198–199
households without vehicles, 83–84
motor fuel taxes, 210–211
Houston, TX
George Bush Intercontinental Airport, 75–76, 101
HPMS. See Highway Performance Monitoring System
HTF. See Highway Trust Fund
I
Illegal drugs
drug interdiction, 6, 116
smuggling and interdiction, 127–128
Illegal immigrants, 116–118
smuggling and interdiction, 125–126
Illinois, 220
cell phone use, 156
Immigration
Cuban Adjustment Act, 125–126
illegal immigrants, 116–118
interdiction, 125–126
Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), 72
Imports and exports, 214–217
Income
and vehicle ownership, 83
disposable personal income per capita, 67
impact on travel spending, 71–73
motor fuel taxes, 210–211
Indiana, 220
Indigenous terrorism. See Terrorism
Information technology
in aviation, 35
information dissemination, 13
intelligent transportation systems (ITS), 39–41
Infrastructure
impact on wetlands, 253–254
terrorist threats to, 110
Injuries, 6
bicycles, 160–162
from airbags, 152–153
hazardous materials, 179
pedestrians, 163
rail, 174
recreational boating, 172
Inland waterways
dredging, 246–248
oil spills, 244–245
Inland waterways shipping, 48–50
security, 116–117
Intelligent transportation systems (ITS), 39–41, 214
electronic toll collection (ETC), 39
global positioning systems, 39–40
ITS infrastructure deployment, 40
motor carriers, 103<
traffic signal control, 39
Intermodalism
data-collection methods, 24
intermodal Bottleneck Evaluation Tool, 99
intermodal freight capacity, 98–101
air freight capacity and bottleneck measures, 100
average annual daily traffic, 98–101
bottlenecks, 98
Intermodal Bottleneck Evaluation Tool, 99
seaport freight capacity and bottleneck measures, 101
intermodal rail traffic, 102
containers on flatcars, 102
trailers on flatcars, 102
Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA), 16–17
International freight. See Freight
International trade, 7, 48–52, 187, 214–217
agricultural goods, 214–215
maritime trade, 215–217
merchant marine, 221–222
merchant ship construction and repair, 131–132
NAFTA trade, 218–220
oil imports, 134–135
ISTEA. See Intermodal Surface Transportation
Efficiency Act
ITS. See Intelligent transportation systems
J
Japan, 72, 188, 214–217
John F. Kennedy International Airport, 166, 216
Jones Act (Merchant Marine Act of 1920), 48, 50
L
Labor productivity, 187, 195–196
Landside access to ports, 51–52
Lane-miles of highways, 42
Laredo, TX, 219
Las Vegas, NV
magnetic levitation rail projects, 45
McCarren International Airport, 75–76
Law enforcement agencies as transportation statistics users, 18–19, 75
Lead-acid batteries, 226, 251–252
Licensed drivers, number of, 66
Light rail
ridership, 82
urban transit, 46–47
Light trucks, 43, 66
crash characteristics, 146–147
fatalities, 141, 143–145
fuel efficiency, 236–237
passenger-miles of travel, 67–68
rollover accidents, 146–147
vehicle-miles of travel, 69
Liquefied natural gas, 230–231
Liquefied petroleum gas, 230–231
Long Beach, CA, port, 96
Los Angeles, CA
magnetic levitation rail projects, 45
port, 96
Louisiana
cell phone use, 156
magnetic levitation rail projects, 45
M
Maglev. See Magnetic levitation high-speed rail
Magnetic levitation high-speed rail, 44–45
Magnetic Levitation Transportation Technology Deployment Program, 44
MARAD. See Maritime Administration
Marine Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS), 40–41
Marine environment, 8–9
Marine transportation. See Water transportation
Maritime Administration, 51
Maritime Trade and Transportation (2002), 29
Maryland
Baltimore magnetic levitation high-speed
rail project, 44–45
Baltimore-Washington International Airport, 75–76
Massachusetts
cell phone use, 156
MBTE. See Methyl-tertiary-butyl-ether
McCarren International Airport, 75
Merchant marine, 48–50, 215–217
international trade, 221
merchant ship construction and repair, 131–132
workboats, 48, 50
Merchant Marine Act of 1920 (Jones Act), 48, 50
Merchant Marine Act of 1936, 131–132
Methane, 238–240
Methanol, 229–231
Methyl-tertiary-butyl-ether (MBTE), 226, 231, 249–250
Mexico, 72–73, 134–135, 214–215, 217–220
NAFTA, 188
U.S. border, 74
Miami, FL, port, 96
Michigan, 220
border-crossing point at Detroit, 74
Detroit International Wayne County, 75
Michigan Transportation Research Institute, 146
Military Sea Command (U.S. Navy), 122
Military transportation, 121–124
Civil Reserve Air Fleet, 123–124
Maritime Security Program, 121
military aircraft manufacturing, 129–130
National Defense Reserve Fleet (NDRF), 121–122
Ready Reserve Fleet (RRF), 122
Strategic Highway Network (STRAHNET), 124–125
Minivans. See Light trucks
Minnesota
Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport, 75–76
Mississippi, 69
Mobile source emissions, 242
Mobility and accessibility, 5, 65
impact of congestion, 66
persons with disabilities, 66, 78–79
Motor boat accidents, 172–173
Motor carriers, 36
and intelligent transportation systems (ITS), 103
hazardous materials transportation security, 119–120
Heavy Vehicle Electronic License Plate (HELP), 104
intelligent transportation systems (ITS), 103
PrePass system, 103–104
Motor Carrier Safety Improvement Act, 158
Motor fuel
costs, 187, 232–233
tax, 187
revenues, 210–211
Motor oil disposal, 251–252
Motorcycles
fatality rates, 143–145
in U.S. vehicle fleet, 43
N
NAFTA. See North American Free Trade Agreement
NAS. See National Airspace System
National Airspace System (NAS), 87–90
National Defense Reserve Fleet (NDRF), 121–122
National Guard military transportation, 121–124
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), 22, 152–157, 237
National Household Travel Survey (NHTS), 21, 27
National security. See Security
National Shipbuilding and Conversion Act of 1993, 131–132
National Spatial Data Infrastructure, 26
National Transportation Library (NTL), 26
National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), 24–25, 166
National Urban Mass Transportation Assistance Act, 15
Natural gas, 38, 229
Natural gas pipelines. See Pipelines
Nevada
Las Vegas, 45
McCarren International Airport, 75–76
New Jersey
cell phone use, 156
New Mexico
border crossings, 127–128
cell phone use, 156
vehicle-miles of travel, 69
New York (state), 220
Buffalo-Niagara Falls, 74
cell phone use, 156
John F. Kennedy International Airport, 216
vehicle-miles of travel, 69
NHTS. See National Household Travel Survey
NHTSA. See National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
Nigeria, 134–135, 215, 217
Nitrogen oxides, 225, 238–243
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), 188, 218–220
North American Trade and Travel Trends (2001), 29
North Carolina, 220
Charlotte, 55
NRDF. See National Defense Reserve Fleet
NTL. See National Transportation Library
NTSB. See National Transportation Safety Board
O
Occupational fatalities among transportation workers, 183–184
Ohio, 220
Oil and petroleum products, 38, 225
consumption, 229
international trade, 215
leaking storage tanks, 249–250
oil imports, 134–135
oil production, 133–135
oil spills, 8, 244–245
pipelines, 4
1999 usage data, 38
accident fatality rates, 144
Cano Limon oil pipeline, 109
employment, 190–192
fatal accidents, 176–178
fuel cost per dollar of net output, 198–199
government revenues and expenditures, 203–209<
labor productivity, 195–196<
security of petroleum supplies, 133–135
transportation security, 119–120
world crude oil prices, 232–233
world oil reserves, 133–135
Oklahoma, 69
On-demand air taxi accident rates, 144
On-time performance, 5, 66, 87–90
Operation Enduring Freedom, 121–122
Operation Noble Eagle, 121–122
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), 134, 232–233
Origin-to-destination flows, 14, 17–18
Oxygenates, 230–231, 249–250
P
Passenger cars, 36
air bags, 152–154
alcohol-related crashes, 149–151
cell phone use, 155–157
crash characteristics, 146–147
consumer prices, 197
energy use, 227–228
fatality rates, 143–145
household transportation spending, 200–202
Passenger-miles of travel (pmt), 5, 65–67, 227–228
Passenger transportation
enplanements, 75–77
energy use, 234–235
international travel, 71–73
Pavement on airport runways, 54–55
Pedalcyclists. See Bicyclists
Pedestrian accidents, 146–147
alcohol involvement and use, 163–164
Pennsylvania, 220
cell phone use, 156
Persian Gulf War, 121
Personal floatation devices (PFD), role in recreational boating accidents, 172–173
Personal watercraft accidents. See Recreational boating accidents
Petroleum products. See Oil and petroleum products
Physically handicapped persons. See Disabled persons
Pickup trucks. See Light trucks
Pipelines, 4
1999 usage data, 38
accident fatality rates, 144
Cano Limon oil pipeline, 109
employment, 190–192
fatal accidents, 176–178
fuel cost per dollar of net output, 198–199
government revenues and expenditures, 203–209
labor productivity, 195–196
Piracy, 116
Pittsburgh, PA
magnetic levitation rail projects, 44–45
pmt. See Passenger-miles of travel
Poisonous gases. See Hazardous materials
Poisons
airborne toxins, 112–113
transportation security, 119–120
Population
freight ton-miles per capita, 91–92
relationship to passenger-miles of travel, 67
U.S. resident population in relation to air cargo increases, 94
Port Huron, MI, 74, 219
Portland, OR
Portland International Airport, 75–76
Ports, 51–53
channel depth, 96–97
container trade, 96–97
dredging, 246–248
international trade, 214–217, 219–220
landside access, 51
seaport freight capacity and bottleneck measures, 101
security, 116–117
terrorist attacks, 111
Poverty and vehicle ownership, 83
PrePass automatic vehicle identification system, 103–104
Productivity, 195–196
fuel cost per dollar of net output, 198–199
labor productivity, 187
ports, 51–52
Public transit. See Transit
R
Radioactive materials. See Hazardous materials
Rail
2000 rail system data, 37
accidents, 174–175
commuter, 46–47
fatalities at highway-rail grade crossings, 174–175
high-speed rail, 44–45
government revenues and expenditures, 203–209
intercity rail, 45, 67
intermodal rail traffic, 102
magnetic levitation rail, 44–45
stations, access for disabled persons, 78–79
terrorist attacks, 111
trailers on flatcars, 102
transit
ridership, 82
terrorist attacks, 111–112
transportation
employment, 190–192
energy use, 227–228, 234–235
fuel cost per dollar of net output, 198–199
government revenues and expenditures, 203–209
labor productivity, 195–196
Ramps for handicapped access, 78–79
Ready Reserve Fleet (RRF), 122
Real-time traffic monitoring and commercial vehicle operations, 103
Recreational boating accidents, 141–142, 144, 171–173
Reformulated gasoline, 231
Revenue ton-miles, 93–95
Roads, 42
2000 highway system data, 36
classification of roadways, 56–58
commuting, 82
congestion in metropolitan areas, 85–86
construction, 42
crashes, 141–142
alcohol, 149–151
fatality rates, 143–144
run-off-the-road crashes, 146–147
rural highways, 148
single-vehicle crashes, 146–147
two-vehicle crashes, 146–147
types of, 146–147
urban highways, 148
highway capital stocks, 212–213
highway lane-miles, 35, 42
Highway Trust Fund (HTF), 210–211
rail grade crossings, 174–175
road conditions, 56–58
Strategic Highway Network (STRAHNET), 123–124
terrorist attacks, 110
traffic volume and delays around freight facilities, 98–101
use, 69
Rollover crashes, 146–147
RRF. See Ready Reserve Fleet
Rubber tires, 226
Rumble strips, 146–147
Run-off-the-road (ROR) crashes, 146–147
Runway conditions, 54–55
Runway incursions, 168
Rural areas
highway accidents, 148
household transportation spending, 200–202
rural transit, 47
S
Sacramento International Airport, 75–76
Safety, 6–7, 139–140
accident data collection, 24–25
accident fatality rates, 143
accident types, 146–147
air bags, 152–154
child safety seats, 153–154
driver distraction, 155–157
highway crashes on rural and urban highways, 148
highway crash characteristics, 146–147
rumble strips, 146–147
safety belts, 7, 143, 152–154
transportation worker fatalities, 183–184
weather in accidents, 148
Safety Data Initiative, 25, 26
San Ysidro, CA, 74
Saudi Arabia, 134–135, 215, 217
Sea Marshall Program, 118
Security, 6
aircraft manufacturing, 129–130
airplane manufacturing, 6
bombs on commercial aircraft, 115
hazardous materials, 119–120
hijackings, 114–115
illegal drug smuggling and interdiction, 127–128
illegal immigrant smuggling and interdiction, 125–126
illegal immigrants, 116–118
inland waterways, 116–117
maritime transportation, 116–118
merchant ship construction and repair, 131–132
military transportation, 121–124
oil imports, 134–135
passenger screening, 109
petroleum supplies, 133–135
ports, 116
shipbuilding, 6
terrorist threats to transportation, 107–110
U.S. Coast Guard role, 117–118
September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, 6, 65, 72, 88–89, 107–110, 116, 129–130, 165–167, 183–184, 198
Shipbuilding, 6
capital improvements, 131–132
Federal Ship Financing Program (Merchant Marine Act of 1936), 131–132
merchant ship construction and repair, 131–132
National Shipbuilding and Conversion Act of 1993, 131–132
Ships. See Vessels; Water transportation
Short-haul air shipments, 93–95
Side impact crashes, 146–147
Single-vehicle highway crashes, 146–147
involving large trucks, 158–160
South Korea, 73, 131, 217
Spontaneously combustible materials. See Hazardous materials
Sport utility vehicles (SUVs). See Light trucks
State Transportation Profiles, 29
Statistical practices, 30–31
Storage tanks, 226
leaks, 249–250
Strategic Highway Network (STRAHNET), 124–125
Suboptimal data, 20
Subways. See Transit (heavy rail)
SUVs. See Light trucks
T
Tariffs, 187
Taxes (government transportation revenue and expenditures), 203–209
TEA-21. See Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century
Telephone surveys, 23
Terrorism, 65, 71–72
bombs on commercial aircraft, 115
civil aviation, 114–115
hazardous materials transportation security, 119–120
terrorist threats to transportation, 107–110
U.S. Coast Guard anti-terrorism actions, 128
Texas, 69, 220
border crossings, 127–128
El Paso, 74
George Bush Intercontinental Airport, 75–76
Texas Transportation Institute, 85–86
Tire disposal, 251–252
Ton-miles of domestic air cargo, 93–95
Ton-miles of freight shipped domestically, 91–92
Toxic air pollutants, 241
Trade
container traffic, 5
domestic, 48–50
international, 7, 48–52, 187, 214–217
agricultural goods, 214–215
maritime trade, 215–217
merchant marine, 221–222
merchant ship construction and repair, 131–132
NAFTA trade, 218–220
oil imports, 134–135
Traffic congestion
impact on accessibility, 66
in metropolitan areas, 85–86
Traffic data collection, 40
Traffic signal control, 39
Trailers on flatcars, 102
Trains. See Rail
Transit
2000 transit data, 37
access for persons with disabilities, 78–79
automatic vehicle location devices, 39–40
commuter rail, 46–47
commuting, 82
demand responsive transit, 78–79
employment, 190–192
energy use, 227–228
fixed-route vehicles, 40
fuel cost per dollar of net output, 198–199
government revenues and expenditures, 203–209
heavy rail, 37, 46–47, 78–79, 80–81
household transportation spending, 200–202
intelligent transportation systems (ITS), 40
light rail, 46–47, 82
operating agencies, 37
revenue vehicle-miles, 46–47
ridership, 82
rural transit, 47
urban transit, 46–47
vehicles, 37
Transmission pipelines. See Pipelines
Transportation demand, 189–190
Transportation employment, 190–194
Transportation energy use, 227–228
Transportation equipment manufacturing, 190–192
Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21), 16, 17, 30, 44
government revenues and expenditures, 203
Transportation infrastructure. See Infrastructure
Transportation Infrastructure Capital Stock Account, 212–213
Transportation Satellite Accounts (TSA), 29
Transportation Security Administration (TSA), 72, 109
Transportation statistics, 13–31. See also Data collection; Data analysis
Travel
air, 67
increases in passenger travel, 67
international, 66, 71–73
Trucks/trucking, 120
commercial vehicles, 36
data collection, 28
energy use, 227–228
fatality rates, 143–145
fuel cost per dollar of net output, 198–199
hazardous materials Commercial Drivers License endorsement, 120
intercity trucking, 66, 91–92
increase in ton-miles, 66
intermodal freight capacity, 98–101
labor productivity, 195–196
large-truck crashes and fatality rates, 144–145, 158–159
large trucks in U.S. vehicle fleet, 43
light trucks, 43
transportation-related employment, 190–192
truck drivers, 120
worker fatalities, 183–184
vehicle-miles of travel, 69
TSA. See Transportation Satellite Accounts;
Transportation Security Administration
U
Underground storage tanks, 226
leaks, 249–250
United Kingdom, 72
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 238–240
Urban areas
crashes on urban highways, 148
fatal bicycle accidents, 160–162
highway congestion, 85–86
household transportation spending, 200–202
locations of pedestrian accidents, 163–164
Urban transit. See Transit
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 15, 117
dredging of waterways, 246–247
U.S. Foreign Waterborne Transportation Statistics, 22
wetlands, 253–254
USCG. See U.S. Coast Guard
U.S. Census Bureau, 22, 27
U.S. Coast Guard (USCG), 6, 15, 65,171, 244–245
antiterrorism actions, 108-109, 128
illegal drug smuggling and interdiction, 107–108, 127–128
illegal smuggling and interdiction, 125–126
maritime security and interdiction, 117–118
oil spills, 244
recreational boating, 172–173
Sea Marshal program, 118
U.S. Customs Service
illegal drug smuggling and interdiction, 127–128
illegal immigrant interdiction, 125–126
U.S. Department of Defense (DOD), 121–122
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
greenhouse gas emissions, 238–239
U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), 15, 16, 21, 22, 26, 28, 31, 89, 140. See also specific agencies
dredging, 8–9
hazardous materials, 179
safety, 139–140
terrorism, 119
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 226, 255
emissions standards, 241
fuel economy, 237
leaking underground storage tanks, 249–250
U.S. Foreign Waterborne Transportation Statistics, 22
U.S. International Travel and Transportation Trends (2002), 29
U.S. vehicle fleet. See Vehicle fleet
USA Patriot Act, 72, 119–120
V
Vehicle fleet, 69–70
composition and trends, 43
Vehicle manufacturing employment, 190–192
Vehicle-miles of travel (vmt), 5, 69–70
highway conditions, 56–58
Vehicles, 36–37
ownership, 83–84
top U.S. border crossing points, 74
Venezuela, 134–135
Vessels. See also Water transportation
accidents by vessel type, 170–171
deep draft, 51–52
merchant, 48–50
Virginia
cell phone use, 156
vmt. See Vehicle-miles of travel
Volatile organic compounds, 225, 241–243
W
Washington, DC
airport closings in September 2001, 65
magnetic levitation rail projects, 44–45
vehicle-miles of travel, 69
Wastes
disposal of transportation wastes, 251–252
wastewater discharged from ships, 8
Water pollution
contaminated sediments, 246
oil spills, 244–245
underground water, 249
Water transportation, 221–222
2000 fleet and facilities data, 29, 38
accident fatality rates, 144
armed robbery, 116
coastwise trade, 48–50
container trade, 5
energy use, 227–228
fatal accidents, 170–171
fuel cost per dollar of net output, 198–199
government revenues and expenditures, 203–209
marine military transportation, 121–122
Maritime Security Program, 121
maritime trade, 215–217
merchant marine, 48–50, 215–217
international trade, 221–222
merchant ship construction and repair, 131–132
workboats, 48, 50
piracy, 116
recreational boating accidents, 141–142
security, 116, 118
September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, 65, 116
terrorist attacks, 110
U.S. Foreign Waterborne Transportation Statistics, 22
waterfront congestion, 51–52
Weather
as a factor in highway crashes, 148
flight delays, 87–90
general aviation accidents, 168–169
Wetlands, 253–254
disposal of dredged materials, 247
Workers
fatalities among transportation workers, 183–184
World crude oil prices, 232–233
World oil reserves, 133–135
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