TABLE D-1  Travel Time Index by Metro Area: 1993 and 2003,,,,,,,,,,,
The Travel Time Index (TTI) is the ratio of peak period travel time to free-flow travel time. It expresses the average amount of extra time it takes to travel in the peak period relative to free-flow travel.,,,,,,,,,,,
Urban areas ,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003
"Akron, OH",1.06,1.07,1.06,1.09,1.11,1.11,1.11,1.10,1.10,1.09,1.09
"Albany-Schenectady, NY",1.04,1.04,1.04,1.05,1.05,1.05,1.06,1.06,1.06,1.07,1.08
"Albuquerque, NM",1.14,1.18,1.21,1.23,1.24,1.26,1.24,1.21,1.20,1.17,1.17
"Allentown-Bethlehem, PA-NJ",1.12,1.13,1.13,1.15,1.15,1.15,1.14,1.15,1.15,1.15,1.14
"Anchorage, AK",1.03,1.04,1.03,1.03,1.03,1.04,1.04,1.04,1.05,1.05,1.05
"Atlanta, GA",1.18,1.24,1.26,1.29,1.31,1.34,1.32,1.35,1.40,1.42,1.46
"Austin, TX",1.14,1.17,1.20,1.23,1.26,1.24,1.26,1.26,1.30,1.31,1.33
"Bakersfield, CA",1.04,1.04,1.04,1.05,1.05,1.06,1.05,1.06,1.06,1.06,1.07
"Baltimore, MD",1.20,1.22,1.24,1.24,1.26,1.25,1.26,1.27,1.30,1.35,1.37
"Beaumont, TX",1.04,1.03,1.04,1.04,1.04,1.05,1.06,1.05,1.06,1.07,1.07
"Birmingham, AL",1.08,1.10,1.11,1.12,1.13,1.15,1.15,1.15,1.15,1.16,1.17
"Boston, MA-NH-RI",1.26,1.27,1.25,1.26,1.29,1.30,1.29,1.30,1.30,1.35,1.34
"Boulder, CO",1.05,1.05,1.06,1.06,1.07,1.07,1.08,1.09,1.08,1.09,1.08
"Bridgeport-Stamford, CT-NY",1.15,1.17,1.19,1.18,1.21,1.24,1.28,1.27,1.27,1.30,1.29
"Brownsville, TX",1.04,1.05,1.05,1.05,1.06,1.07,1.07,1.08,1.08,1.07,1.06
"Buffalo, NY",1.04,1.04,1.04,1.04,1.04,1.05,1.07,1.08,1.08,1.08,1.10
"Cape Coral, FL",1.11,1.12,1.12,1.13,1.14,1.14,1.14,1.14,1.14,1.17,1.18
"Charleston-North Charleston, SC",1.15,1.14,1.14,1.13,1.15,1.17,1.17,1.18,1.17,1.18,1.20
"Charlotte, NC-SC",1.17,1.16,1.17,1.19,1.23,1.23,1.24,1.26,1.26,1.31,1.31
"Chicago, IL-IN",1.34,1.33,1.38,1.44,1.43,1.47,1.47,1.44,1.47,1.54,1.57
"Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN",1.15,1.18,1.18,1.20,1.22,1.22,1.21,1.23,1.22,1.22,1.22
"Cleveland, OH",1.08,1.10,1.13,1.15,1.17,1.15,1.15,1.13,1.12,1.10,1.09
"Colorado Springs, CO",1.07,1.08,1.10,1.11,1.13,1.16,1.18,1.21,1.22,1.21,1.19
"Columbia, SC",1.04,1.04,1.04,1.04,1.04,1.04,1.05,1.05,1.05,1.05,1.06
"Columbus, OH",1.14,1.17,1.18,1.20,1.21,1.21,1.22,1.19,1.18,1.19,1.19
"Corpus Christi, TX",1.03,1.03,1.03,1.03,1.03,1.04,1.05,1.04,1.05,1.04,1.05
"Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX",1.20,1.20,1.21,1.22,1.24,1.27,1.31,1.32,1.33,1.35,1.36
"Dayton, OH",1.07,1.08,1.10,1.11,1.12,1.12,1.12,1.12,1.10,1.09,1.08
"Denver-Aurora, CO",1.24,1.24,1.30,1.33,1.37,1.39,1.38,1.41,1.45,1.40,1.40
"Detroit, MI",1.36,1.33,1.32,1.33,1.35,1.36,1.35,1.33,1.35,1.36,1.38
"El Paso, TX-NM",1.07,1.09,1.08,1.07,1.09,1.10,1.14,1.16,1.17,1.17,1.17
"Eugene, OR",1.05,1.05,1.05,1.06,1.06,1.07,1.09,1.12,1.11,1.10,1.11
"Fresno, CA",1.12,1.11,1.13,1.13,1.16,1.18,1.20,1.19,1.16,1.15,1.14
"Grand Rapids, MI",1.11,1.11,1.10,1.11,1.12,1.16,1.15,1.14,1.13,1.13,1.14
"Hartford, CT",1.07,1.07,1.08,1.08,1.10,1.11,1.11,1.11,1.12,1.12,1.11
"Honolulu, HI",1.21,1.22,1.23,1.23,1.20,1.21,1.21,1.19,1.19,1.18,1.19
"Houston, TX",1.24,1.27,1.28,1.32,1.35,1.34,1.37,1.36,1.38,1.41,1.42
"Indianapolis, IN",1.16,1.20,1.22,1.25,1.26,1.22,1.23,1.24,1.26,1.24,1.24
"Jacksonville, FL",1.14,1.14,1.18,1.17,1.16,1.14,1.14,1.15,1.15,1.16,1.18
"Kansas City, MO-KS",1.06,1.07,1.06,1.08,1.09,1.09,1.11,1.10,1.10,1.10,1.11
"Laredo, TX",1.04,1.04,1.05,1.06,1.07,1.07,1.07,1.07,1.08,1.07,1.08
"Las Vegas, NV",1.24,1.28,1.27,1.30,1.33,1.33,1.34,1.34,1.35,1.36,1.39
"Little Rock, AK",1.03,1.03,1.03,1.04,1.04,1.05,1.06,1.05,1.07,1.06,1.06
"Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA",1.73,1.64,1.72,1.78,1.77,1.83,1.80,1.76,1.78,1.77,1.75
"Louisville, KY-IN",1.15,1.16,1.16,1.19,1.21,1.22,1.24,1.23,1.22,1.24,1.24
"Memphis, TN-MS-AR",1.11,1.14,1.17,1.18,1.19,1.19,1.19,1.19,1.20,1.22,1.22
"Miami, FL",1.26,1.26,1.28,1.29,1.30,1.31,1.34,1.35,1.37,1.40,1.42
"Milwaukee, WI",1.17,1.16,1.19,1.20,1.20,1.22,1.25,1.24,1.23,1.23,1.21
"Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN",1.16,1.20,1.22,1.23,1.30,1.32,1.35,1.32,1.34,1.34,1.34
"Nashville-Davidson, TN",1.09,1.12,1.13,1.14,1.16,1.15,1.17,1.18,1.17,1.19,1.18
"New Haven, CT",1.08,1.09,1.09,1.07,1.09,1.12,1.13,1.14,1.15,1.14,1.13
"New Orleans, LA",1.16,1.20,1.20,1.20,1.19,1.19,1.20,1.18,1.17,1.18,1.19
"New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT",1.28,1.31,1.33,1.34,1.36,1.36,1.40,1.38,1.38,1.40,1.39
"Oklahoma City, OK",1.04,1.04,1.06,1.07,1.09,1.09,1.11,1.09,1.10,1.11,1.10
"Omaha, NE-IA",1.10,1.12,1.12,1.14,1.13,1.14,1.15,1.15,1.16,1.17,1.18
"Orlando, FL",1.21,1.20,1.21,1.22,1.24,1.27,1.27,1.28,1.30,1.31,1.30
"Oxnard-Ventura, CA",1.10,1.14,1.15,1.16,1.14,1.15,1.19,1.19,1.21,1.21,1.23
"Pensacola, FL-AL",1.11,1.10,1.11,1.10,1.12,1.12,1.12,1.14,1.12,1.12,1.12
"Philadelphia, PA-NJ-DE-MD",1.20,1.21,1.24,1.27,1.27,1.33,1.33,1.31,1.35,1.35,1.32
"Phoenix, AZ",1.27,1.28,1.24,1.30,1.33,1.31,1.38,1.38,1.40,1.35,1.35
"Pittsburgh, PA",1.09,1.09,1.10,1.10,1.10,1.11,1.12,1.10,1.10,1.10,1.10
"Portland, OR-WA",1.24,1.25,1.28,1.31,1.35,1.34,1.37,1.37,1.39,1.38,1.37
"Providence, RI-MA",1.11,1.11,1.12,1.14,1.12,1.13,1.14,1.15,1.15,1.18,1.19
"Raleigh-Durham, NC",1.12,1.13,1.14,1.13,1.15,1.15,1.14,1.16,1.19,1.18,1.19
"Richmond, VA",1.07,1.08,1.11,1.11,1.09,1.09,1.09,1.07,1.07,1.08,1.09
"Riverside-San Bernardino, CA",1.27,1.23,1.26,1.28,1.27,1.31,1.33,1.33,1.32,1.34,1.37
"Rochester, NY",1.04,1.04,1.05,1.05,1.06,1.05,1.06,1.06,1.06,1.06,1.07
"Sacramento, CA",1.19,1.22,1.21,1.24,1.23,1.25,1.27,1.29,1.32,1.34,1.37
"Salem, OR",1.06,1.07,1.06,1.07,1.07,1.08,1.08,1.08,1.09,1.11,1.11
"Salt Lake City, UT",1.13,1.15,1.17,1.17,1.15,1.16,1.17,1.18,1.23,1.26,1.28
"San Antonio, TX",1.07,1.08,1.12,1.12,1.13,1.16,1.22,1.24,1.22,1.23,1.22
"San Diego, CA",1.22,1.22,1.22,1.23,1.25,1.26,1.32,1.32,1.32,1.40,1.41
"San Francisco-Oakland, CA",1.44,1.40,1.45,1.45,1.42,1.47,1.49,1.54,1.54,1.55,1.54
"San Jose, CA",1.34,1.33,1.34,1.33,1.30,1.34,1.39,1.42,1.43,1.39,1.37
"Sarasota-Bradenton, FL",1.18,1.19,1.16,1.19,1.19,1.20,1.24,1.22,1.22,1.25,1.25
"Seattle, WA",1.35,1.34,1.36,1.36,1.40,1.39,1.40,1.35,1.35,1.36,1.38
"Spokane, WA",1.08,1.08,1.06,1.06,1.07,1.08,1.08,1.08,1.07,1.07,1.08
"Springfield, MA-CT",1.06,1.05,1.06,1.06,1.06,1.06,1.07,1.07,1.06,1.07,1.06,,
"St. Louis, MO-IL",1.18,1.19,1.21,1.21,1.24,1.24,1.25,1.25,1.23,1.24,1.22,,
"Tampa-St. Petersburg, FL",1.30,1.32,1.32,1.31,1.29,1.28,1.29,1.27,1.31,1.31,1.33,,
"Toledo, OH-MI",1.04,1.05,1.06,1.06,1.07,1.08,1.09,1.10,1.11,1.11,1.10,,
"Tucson, AZ",1.14,1.15,1.15,1.15,1.19,1.20,1.20,1.19,1.22,1.28,1.31,,
"Tulsa, OK",1.05,1.05,1.06,1.07,1.08,1.08,1.09,1.10,1.10,1.10,1.10,,
"Virginia Beach, VA",1.13,1.15,1.16,1.18,1.18,1.19,1.19,1.16,1.18,1.20,1.21,,
"Washington, DC-VA-MD",1.38,1.37,1.40,1.44,1.43,1.46,1.47,1.44,1.46,1.50,1.51,,
85-Area Average,1.28,1.27,1.29,1.31,1.32,1.34,1.35,1.34,1.35,1.37,1.37,,
Very Large Area Average ,1.38,1.37,1.40,1.43,1.43,1.46,1.46,1.45,1.47,1.49,1.48,,
Large Area Average ,1.19,1.20,1.21,1.23,1.24,1.25,1.26,1.26,1.27,1.28,1.28,,
Medium Area Average ,1.11,1.12,1.13,1.14,1.15,1.15,1.16,1.16,1.17,1.18,1.18,,
Small Area Average ,1.06,1.06,1.07,1.07,1.08,1.08,1.09,1.10,1.10,1.10,1.10,,
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NOTE:  To determine the increased travel time, a TTI of 1.3, for example, indicates a 20-minute free-flow trip will take 26 minutes during the peak travel time periods, a 6-minute (30 percent) travel time penalty.",,,,,,,,,,,,,
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SOURCE: Texas A&M University, Texas Transportation Institute, 2005 Urban Mobility Report (College Station, TX: 2005), also available at http://tti.tamu.edu/, as of July 2006. ",,,,,,,,,,,,,